平原感潮河网地区地表水环境容量及污染物总量控制研究
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摘要
平原感潮河网地区湖泊密布、河网发达,地势较低,易于受潮汐影响,发生洪涝灾害。随着社会经济的发展,各种生活废水和工业污水大量排入河网,致使水环境质量日益恶化,成为困扰城市环境和经济可持续发展的一个重要问题。欲有效地改善水环境质量,必须研究水环境容量,并以此作为污染防治的依据,对主要污染物实行总量控制。
本论文通过河网水动力模型和河网水环境容量模型相结合,建立起平原感潮河网地区水环境容量的计算方法,并应用于上海宝山区嘉宝北片河网地区,计算出研究区域主要河道满足功能区水质目标要求的水环境容量,提出功能区所对应的陆域污染源的排放控制量和应削减量。根据本文的研究结果,取得以下主要成果:
(1)利用最新的水文监测资料,在大规模河网范围内准确率定和验证了感潮河网水动力模型,结果表明模型计算值和实测值比较吻合。
(2)基于感潮河网水动力模型和水环境容量模型,结合河网污染源排放的特点,对河网地区进行了地表水环境容量计算。结果表明,该方法对于河网地区水环境容量计算以及确定污染物总量控制方便有效。
It is easy to be influenced by tidal influence and flood because of the gathering lakes and rivers and low topography in tideway area. With the growing economy and society, water pollution and decline of water environment quality has become a very important topic with regard to sustainable development. If we want to improve the quality of water environment,we must study the water environmental capacity(WEC) ,and then control the pollutions discharged total according to the WEC.Combining water dynamic model and WEC model, this paper constructed computing method of WEC in tideway area in plain, applied it in Baoshan in Shanghai, counted the WEC satisfying the water quality goal, put forward the control quantity and quantity to be cut. According to the study course of this paper, several results were obtained as follows:1. It validated the water dynamic model in large-scale river network using the latest information and the results were proved to be appropriate.2. It calculated the surface WEC in river network based on the water dynamic model and WEC model and the characteristics of pollution sources ejection. The results indicated that the method is effective and convenient for computing the water environment capacity and pollution quantity.
本论文通过河网水动力模型和河网水环境容量模型相结合,建立起平原感潮河网地区水环境容量的计算方法,并应用于上海宝山区嘉宝北片河网地区,计算出研究区域主要河道满足功能区水质目标要求的水环境容量,提出功能区所对应的陆域污染源的排放控制量和应削减量。根据本文的研究结果,取得以下主要成果:
(1)利用最新的水文监测资料,在大规模河网范围内准确率定和验证了感潮河网水动力模型,结果表明模型计算值和实测值比较吻合。
(2)基于感潮河网水动力模型和水环境容量模型,结合河网污染源排放的特点,对河网地区进行了地表水环境容量计算。结果表明,该方法对于河网地区水环境容量计算以及确定污染物总量控制方便有效。
It is easy to be influenced by tidal influence and flood because of the gathering lakes and rivers and low topography in tideway area. With the growing economy and society, water pollution and decline of water environment quality has become a very important topic with regard to sustainable development. If we want to improve the quality of water environment,we must study the water environmental capacity(WEC) ,and then control the pollutions discharged total according to the WEC.Combining water dynamic model and WEC model, this paper constructed computing method of WEC in tideway area in plain, applied it in Baoshan in Shanghai, counted the WEC satisfying the water quality goal, put forward the control quantity and quantity to be cut. According to the study course of this paper, several results were obtained as follows:1. It validated the water dynamic model in large-scale river network using the latest information and the results were proved to be appropriate.2. It calculated the surface WEC in river network based on the water dynamic model and WEC model and the characteristics of pollution sources ejection. The results indicated that the method is effective and convenient for computing the water environment capacity and pollution quantity.
引文
[1] 徐祖信,林卫青.上海市浦西地区和苏州河水系水环境改善方法研究报告[R].2001.
[2] 徐祖信,卢士强.平原感潮河网水动力模型研究[J].水动力学科学与进展,2003,18(2):177—181.
[3] 徐祖信,卢士强.平原河网水动力模型及求解方法探讨[J].水资源保护,2003(3):5-9.
[4] 刘兰芬,张祥伟,夏军.河流水环境容量预测方法研究[J].水利学报,1998(7):16-20.
[5] 郝喜顺,甄瑞芳.总量控制污染许可证管理与实施[M].中国环境科学出版社.1991
[6] 刘天齐,孔繁德.城市环境规划规范及方法指南[M].中国环境科学出版社,1993
[7] 张承中.环境管理的原理与方法[M].中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[8] 国家环保局计划司.环境规划指南[M].清华大学出版社,1994
[9] 付国伟,程声通.水污染控制系统规划[M].清华大学出版社,1985
[10] 梁博,王晓燕.我国水环境污染物总量控制研究的现状与展望[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(1):93-97.
[11] 叶旭,温瑞塘.河流域污染物总量控制研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002,7-8
[12] U. S. EPA. Protocol for Developing Nutrient TMDLs[R]. Office of Water 4503F Washington DC 20460, 1999.
[13] Committtee to Review the NeW York City Watershed Management Strategy Water Science and Techoology Board, Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply[M]. National Academy Press Washington, D.C., 2000
[14] EPA. Protocol for TMDLs[R]. Office of Water 4503F Washington DC 20460, EPA, 1999
[15] Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. This Current As the Federal Register, 2003.
[16] 冯金鹏,吴洪寿,赵帆.水环境污染总量控制回顾、现状及发展探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技,2004,2(1):45-47
[17] 鲍全盛,王华东.我国水环境非点源污染研究与展望[J].地理科学,1996,16(1):66-71
[18] 李家星,赵振兴.水力学[M].河海大学出版社.2001.
[19] Saint-Venant, B.De. Theory of unsteady water flow, with application to river floods and to propagation of tides in river channels. ComputesRendusAcad. sci., Paris, 1871, 73, 148-154, 237-240
[20] Stoker, J.J. Numedcal Solution of Flood Prediction and River Regulation Problems;Divation of Basic theory and Formulation of Numerical Methods of Attack. Report I, New York University Institute of Mathematical Science, New York, 1953
[21] Liggett, J.A, and Woolhiser, D.A. Difference solution of the shallow-water equtation. J. Engng. Mech. Div., ASCE, 1967, 95(2), 39-71.
[22] Isaacson E, Stoker, J.J, and Troesch, A. Numerical solution of Flood Prediction and River Regulation Problems, Report Ⅲ. New York University Institute of Mathematical Science, New York, 1956, IMM-NYU-235.
[23] Preissmann, A. Propagation of translatory waves in channels and rivers. In Proc., First Congress of French Assoc. for Computation, Grenoble, France, 1961, 433-442.
[24] J. Stoer and R. Bulirsch. Introduction to Numerical Anaysis. Spring-Verlag. Reprinted in China by Beijing World Publishing Corporation, 1998.
[25] Vasiliev, O.F, Gladyshev, M.T, Pritvits, N.A, and Sudobicher, V.G. Methods for the calculation of shock waves in open channels. In Proc., 11th Congress IAHR, Leningrad, USSR, 1965, paper 344.
[26] 徐小明、张静怡、丁健、汪德爟等.河网水力数值模拟的松弛迭代法及水位的可视化显示[J].水文,2000(6):1-4.
[27] 徐小明,何建京,汪德爟.求解大型河网非恒定流的非线性方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,2001(1):18-24.
[28] 李岳生等.网河不恒定流隐式方程组的稀疏矩阵解法[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1977(3):25-37.
[29] Dronkers,J.J.河流近海区和外海的潮汐计算[J].水利水运科技情况,1976(增刊):24-67.
[30] 张二骏等.河网非恒定流三级联合解法[J].华东水利学院学报,1982(1):1-13.
[31] 吴寿红.河网非恒定流四级解算法[J].水利学报,1985(8):42-50.
[32] 芮孝芳等.多支流河道洪水演算方法的探讨[J].水利学报,1990(2):26-32.
[33] 李义天.河网非恒定流隐式方程组的汊点分组解法[J].水利学报,1997(3):49-57.
[34] 朱党生,王超,程晓冰.水资源保护规划理论及技术[M].水利水电出版社,2001
[35] 郭新蕾.河网的一维水动力及水质分析研究[D].武汉大学,2005,2.
[36] 陈玉田.偏微分方程的数值解法[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1995
[37] 张大伟,董增川,李少华.河网非恒定流计算的牛顿迭代解法[J].西北水力发电,2004(4):31-33.
[38] 王船海,李光炽.实用河网水流计算[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1997.
[39] 方正杰.感潮河口城市防洪计算方法研究[D].河海大学.2005
[40] 逢勇.水环境评价与保护[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2002
[41] 罗缙,逄勇,罗清吉,林颖.太湖流域平原河网区往复流河道水环境容量研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(2):144-146.
[2] 徐祖信,卢士强.平原感潮河网水动力模型研究[J].水动力学科学与进展,2003,18(2):177—181.
[3] 徐祖信,卢士强.平原河网水动力模型及求解方法探讨[J].水资源保护,2003(3):5-9.
[4] 刘兰芬,张祥伟,夏军.河流水环境容量预测方法研究[J].水利学报,1998(7):16-20.
[5] 郝喜顺,甄瑞芳.总量控制污染许可证管理与实施[M].中国环境科学出版社.1991
[6] 刘天齐,孔繁德.城市环境规划规范及方法指南[M].中国环境科学出版社,1993
[7] 张承中.环境管理的原理与方法[M].中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[8] 国家环保局计划司.环境规划指南[M].清华大学出版社,1994
[9] 付国伟,程声通.水污染控制系统规划[M].清华大学出版社,1985
[10] 梁博,王晓燕.我国水环境污染物总量控制研究的现状与展望[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,26(1):93-97.
[11] 叶旭,温瑞塘.河流域污染物总量控制研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002,7-8
[12] U. S. EPA. Protocol for Developing Nutrient TMDLs[R]. Office of Water 4503F Washington DC 20460, 1999.
[13] Committtee to Review the NeW York City Watershed Management Strategy Water Science and Techoology Board, Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply[M]. National Academy Press Washington, D.C., 2000
[14] EPA. Protocol for TMDLs[R]. Office of Water 4503F Washington DC 20460, EPA, 1999
[15] Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. This Current As the Federal Register, 2003.
[16] 冯金鹏,吴洪寿,赵帆.水环境污染总量控制回顾、现状及发展探讨[J].南水北调与水利科技,2004,2(1):45-47
[17] 鲍全盛,王华东.我国水环境非点源污染研究与展望[J].地理科学,1996,16(1):66-71
[18] 李家星,赵振兴.水力学[M].河海大学出版社.2001.
[19] Saint-Venant, B.De. Theory of unsteady water flow, with application to river floods and to propagation of tides in river channels. ComputesRendusAcad. sci., Paris, 1871, 73, 148-154, 237-240
[20] Stoker, J.J. Numedcal Solution of Flood Prediction and River Regulation Problems;Divation of Basic theory and Formulation of Numerical Methods of Attack. Report I, New York University Institute of Mathematical Science, New York, 1953
[21] Liggett, J.A, and Woolhiser, D.A. Difference solution of the shallow-water equtation. J. Engng. Mech. Div., ASCE, 1967, 95(2), 39-71.
[22] Isaacson E, Stoker, J.J, and Troesch, A. Numerical solution of Flood Prediction and River Regulation Problems, Report Ⅲ. New York University Institute of Mathematical Science, New York, 1956, IMM-NYU-235.
[23] Preissmann, A. Propagation of translatory waves in channels and rivers. In Proc., First Congress of French Assoc. for Computation, Grenoble, France, 1961, 433-442.
[24] J. Stoer and R. Bulirsch. Introduction to Numerical Anaysis. Spring-Verlag. Reprinted in China by Beijing World Publishing Corporation, 1998.
[25] Vasiliev, O.F, Gladyshev, M.T, Pritvits, N.A, and Sudobicher, V.G. Methods for the calculation of shock waves in open channels. In Proc., 11th Congress IAHR, Leningrad, USSR, 1965, paper 344.
[26] 徐小明、张静怡、丁健、汪德爟等.河网水力数值模拟的松弛迭代法及水位的可视化显示[J].水文,2000(6):1-4.
[27] 徐小明,何建京,汪德爟.求解大型河网非恒定流的非线性方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,2001(1):18-24.
[28] 李岳生等.网河不恒定流隐式方程组的稀疏矩阵解法[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),1977(3):25-37.
[29] Dronkers,J.J.河流近海区和外海的潮汐计算[J].水利水运科技情况,1976(增刊):24-67.
[30] 张二骏等.河网非恒定流三级联合解法[J].华东水利学院学报,1982(1):1-13.
[31] 吴寿红.河网非恒定流四级解算法[J].水利学报,1985(8):42-50.
[32] 芮孝芳等.多支流河道洪水演算方法的探讨[J].水利学报,1990(2):26-32.
[33] 李义天.河网非恒定流隐式方程组的汊点分组解法[J].水利学报,1997(3):49-57.
[34] 朱党生,王超,程晓冰.水资源保护规划理论及技术[M].水利水电出版社,2001
[35] 郭新蕾.河网的一维水动力及水质分析研究[D].武汉大学,2005,2.
[36] 陈玉田.偏微分方程的数值解法[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1995
[37] 张大伟,董增川,李少华.河网非恒定流计算的牛顿迭代解法[J].西北水力发电,2004(4):31-33.
[38] 王船海,李光炽.实用河网水流计算[M].南京:河海大学出版社,1997.
[39] 方正杰.感潮河口城市防洪计算方法研究[D].河海大学.2005
[40] 逢勇.水环境评价与保护[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2002
[41] 罗缙,逄勇,罗清吉,林颖.太湖流域平原河网区往复流河道水环境容量研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(2):144-146.