P2P网络环境下的Web服务发现技术研究
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摘要
Web服务将程序封装成单个实体并发布到网络上以供其他程序使用的功能,可以使企业和个人迅速且廉价地向网络用户提供服务。Web服务具有十分广阔的市场前景。随着Web应用的迅速发展,Web服务的数量急剧增长,如何从众多的Web服务中找到真正满足要求的服务已经成为目前Web服务研究领域重要的课题。
当前主流的Web服务发现方法是基于UDDI框架的服务匹配的,由于UDDI注册中心仅提供基于关键字的查询,缺乏对语义描述的支持,服务匹配仅仅是基于关键字的匹配,不能实现基于服务功能的语义匹配,从而造成服务发现的精确度较低。另外,当前的UDDI注册模型是一种集中式架构,当注册服务的数量急剧增多时,面临系统瓶颈、单点故障、查找效率低等诸多问题的影响和制约,从而严重影响了Web服务发现的效率。
本文在研究P2P环境和基于语义Web服务发现基础上,以获得高效率的Web服务发现方法为目标,考虑实际网络中节点能力的差异,引入超级节点,结合One-hop路由和Chord路由机制,构造了一种双层环P2P结构路由,并设计相应的区间查询定位和消息广播算法,提出一种基于本体聚类的双层环P2P网络Web服务发现方法。该方法利用基于双层环P2P网络组织Web服务的注册节点,用服务领域本体概念映射区间对注册节点按其提供服务的类型进行聚类,使特定领域的Web服务的注册与发现集中于双层环P2P结构的外环少量的连续节点上;充分利用双层环P2P网络中搜索和定位节点的动态机制,使服务查询请求能迅速从代理节点转发到相应类型注册节点中。分类中的每个注册节点之间是对等和自适应的且没有严格的相互依赖关系,注册节点的负载得以减轻,并能有效提高查询效率。实验结果表明,本文提出的的方法可以应用于注册节点数目较大的情形,并且在网络规模增大时仍能保持较好的性能。
Web services will provide the packaged applications as a single entity and publish to the network to other procedures for the use of the capabilities. So enterprises and individuals quickly and cheaply can publish their digital assets to network users. Web services are very broad market prospects. With the rapid development of web applications and the rapid growth of web services' number, web service discovery is one of the burning questions in the area of web service research .It is the important component of web service system.
Web service discovery is one of the burning questions in the area of web service research.It is the important component of web service system. However, the present main-steam web service discovery method is based on the service matchmaking within the UDDI framework, the UDDI register center can only offer the keyword-based inquiry, and cannot achieve the semantic matchmaking based on service function, a low rate of inquiry precision is resulted in. Furthermore, the presented UDDI register model is a centralized architecture, when the number of register services explodes, it will cause such problems as bottlenecks, single points of failure, and low inquiry efficiency, then the efficiency of web service discovery will be greatly affected.
In order to achieve the classification of web services register nodes and exact location of query request, TPROC (two pass routing on chord ),a new lookup algorithm is constructed by combining the lookup protocols of One-hop with Chord and taking into account the ability differences of nodes in the network systems. The interval query locating and message broadcasting algorithms are designed, a web service discovery method based on ontology clustering in TPROC networks is presented. One of its features is classifying service registry nodes according to service ontology on outer ring of TPROC networks. So that specific areas of Web services request can be processed in small service registry nodes. Other feature is that the Acting node can quickly transmitte query request to the appropriate type of service Registry node by using full TPROC networks in the search and the dynamic positioning system. By doing these, the network overload can be alleviated and the efficiency can be improved. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can be applied to the case for larger number of service registry nodes and its maintain good performance can be maintained with increase of the size of the P2P network.
当前主流的Web服务发现方法是基于UDDI框架的服务匹配的,由于UDDI注册中心仅提供基于关键字的查询,缺乏对语义描述的支持,服务匹配仅仅是基于关键字的匹配,不能实现基于服务功能的语义匹配,从而造成服务发现的精确度较低。另外,当前的UDDI注册模型是一种集中式架构,当注册服务的数量急剧增多时,面临系统瓶颈、单点故障、查找效率低等诸多问题的影响和制约,从而严重影响了Web服务发现的效率。
本文在研究P2P环境和基于语义Web服务发现基础上,以获得高效率的Web服务发现方法为目标,考虑实际网络中节点能力的差异,引入超级节点,结合One-hop路由和Chord路由机制,构造了一种双层环P2P结构路由,并设计相应的区间查询定位和消息广播算法,提出一种基于本体聚类的双层环P2P网络Web服务发现方法。该方法利用基于双层环P2P网络组织Web服务的注册节点,用服务领域本体概念映射区间对注册节点按其提供服务的类型进行聚类,使特定领域的Web服务的注册与发现集中于双层环P2P结构的外环少量的连续节点上;充分利用双层环P2P网络中搜索和定位节点的动态机制,使服务查询请求能迅速从代理节点转发到相应类型注册节点中。分类中的每个注册节点之间是对等和自适应的且没有严格的相互依赖关系,注册节点的负载得以减轻,并能有效提高查询效率。实验结果表明,本文提出的的方法可以应用于注册节点数目较大的情形,并且在网络规模增大时仍能保持较好的性能。
Web services will provide the packaged applications as a single entity and publish to the network to other procedures for the use of the capabilities. So enterprises and individuals quickly and cheaply can publish their digital assets to network users. Web services are very broad market prospects. With the rapid development of web applications and the rapid growth of web services' number, web service discovery is one of the burning questions in the area of web service research .It is the important component of web service system.
Web service discovery is one of the burning questions in the area of web service research.It is the important component of web service system. However, the present main-steam web service discovery method is based on the service matchmaking within the UDDI framework, the UDDI register center can only offer the keyword-based inquiry, and cannot achieve the semantic matchmaking based on service function, a low rate of inquiry precision is resulted in. Furthermore, the presented UDDI register model is a centralized architecture, when the number of register services explodes, it will cause such problems as bottlenecks, single points of failure, and low inquiry efficiency, then the efficiency of web service discovery will be greatly affected.
In order to achieve the classification of web services register nodes and exact location of query request, TPROC (two pass routing on chord ),a new lookup algorithm is constructed by combining the lookup protocols of One-hop with Chord and taking into account the ability differences of nodes in the network systems. The interval query locating and message broadcasting algorithms are designed, a web service discovery method based on ontology clustering in TPROC networks is presented. One of its features is classifying service registry nodes according to service ontology on outer ring of TPROC networks. So that specific areas of Web services request can be processed in small service registry nodes. Other feature is that the Acting node can quickly transmitte query request to the appropriate type of service Registry node by using full TPROC networks in the search and the dynamic positioning system. By doing these, the network overload can be alleviated and the efficiency can be improved. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can be applied to the case for larger number of service registry nodes and its maintain good performance can be maintained with increase of the size of the P2P network.
引文
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[2]W3C Working Group.Web services glossary[EB/OL].[2004-02-11].http://www.w3.org/tr/2004/note-ws-gloss-20040211
[3]柴晓路.Web服务架构与与开放互操作技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[4]Thomi Pilioura,Aphrodite Tsalgatidou,Alexandros Batsakis.Using WSDL/UDDI and DAML-S in Web Service Discovery.WWW 2003 Workshop on E-Services and the Semantic Web(ESSW'03),Budapest,2003.
[5]UDDL.org.UDDI Spec TC,Version3.0.2,2004.http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.htm
[6]Tim Bemers-Lee.XML and the web Resentation at XML World 2000,2000:http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html
[7]K.Sivashanmugam,K.Verma,R.Mulye,Z.Zhong.Speed-R:Semnatic P2P environment for diverse Web services registries.Final Presentation,CSCI:8350,Enterpdse Integration,CS DePt,UGA,2002.
[8]Kunal Verma,Kaarthik Sivashanmugam,Amit Sheth,Abhijit Patil,Swapna Oundhakar,John Miller.METEOR-S WSDI:A Scalable P2P Infrastructure of Registries for Semantic Publication and Discovery of Web Services.Journal of Information Technology and Management,2005,06(1):17-39
[9]Wolfgang Hoschek.A Unified Peer-to-Peer Database Framework for Xqueries Dynamic Distributed Content and Its Application for Scalable Service Discovery.[PhD]Dissertation.Technical University of Vienna.2002.
[10]Hung-Chang Hsiao,Chung-Ta King.Neuron-A Wide-Area Service Discovery Infrastructure.In Proceedings of International Confemece on Parallel Processing (ICPP2002).
[11]Benatallah B,Dumas M,Sheng QZ,Ngu AHH.Declarative composition and peer-to-peer provisioning of dynamic services.In:Proc.of the 18th Int'l Conf.on Data Engineering.San Jose:IEEE Computer Society,2002.297-308.
[12]Sheng QZ,Benatallah B,Dumas M,Mak EO-Y.SELF-SERV:A platform for rapid composition of Web services in a peer-to-peer Environment[C].Proc.of the 28th Int'l Conf.on Very Large Data Bases.Hong Kong:Morgan Kaufmann Publisher,2002.1051-1054.
[13]M.Schlosser,M.Sintek,S.Decker,and W.Nejdl,"A scalable and ontology-based P2P infrastructure for semantic Web services," in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing(P2P'02),Linkoping,Sweden,2002,104-111.
[14]Hansen M,Madnick S,Siegel M.Data integration using Web services.In:Bressan S,ed.Proc.of the VLDB 2002 Workshop Efficiency and Effectiveness of XML Tools and Techniques and Data Integration over the Web(EEXTI).HongKong:Springer-Verlag.2003.165-182.
[15]U.Thaden,W.Siberski,and W.Nejdl,A Semantic Web based Peer-to-Peer Service Registry Network,tech.rep.Learning lab Lower Saxony,2003.
[16]Sehmidt C,Parashar M.A peer-to-peer approach to Web service discovery[J].World Wide Web Journal,2004,7(2):211-229
[17]Elenius D,Ingmarsson M.Ontology-Based service discovery in P2P network.In:Proc.of Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management.Boston,2004.http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/711664.html
[18]Essafi T,Dorta N,Seret D.A scalable peer-to-peer approach to service discovery using ontology.In:Proc.of the 9th World Multiconference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics.Orlando,2005.http://www.math-info.univ-paris5.fr/～seret/artgd.pdf
[19]Hu CM,Zhu YM,Huai JP,Liu YH,Ni LM.Efficient information service management using service club in CROWN grid.In:Proc.of the 2005 IEEE Int'l Conf.on Service Computing(SCC 2005).Washington:IEEE Computer Society,2005.5-12http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1097875.1098401
[20]陈德伟,许斌,蔡月茹,李涓子.服务部署与发布绑定的基于P2P网络的Web服务发现机制[J].计算机学报2005,28(4):615-626.
[21]胡建强,郭长国,王怀民,邹鹏.一种基于P2P网络的Web服务发现方法[J].电子学报2005,30(12):2504-2507
[22]姚书怀.语义Web服务发现机制的研究[D].硕士论文.西华大学,2005
[23]李寅,马范援,邹福泰.基于分布式哈希表对等网络的Web服务发现[J].上海交通大学学报2006,40(5):805-809
[24]于守健,夏小玲,乐嘉锦,基于语义描述的分布式Web服务发布与发现[J],计算机工程,2007,33(7):117-119
[25]刘志忠,王怀民,周斌.一种双层P2P结构的语义服务发现模型[J].软件学报2007,18(8):1922-1932.
[26]梁晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术构架和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003.12-13
[27]Feisi Science and Techinque center of Research an development.Application and Development of Java Web Services.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2002.190-196
[28]Shmueli O.Architectures for internal Web services deployment.In:Apers P,ed.Proc.ofthe 27~(th)Int'l conf.on Very Large Data Bases.Roma:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001,641-644
[29]W3C.SOAP Version 1.2[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/
[30]Christensen E,Curbera F,Meredith G,Weerawarana S.Web Services Description Language(WSDL)1.1[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTE-wsdl-20010315.
[31]UDDI:The UDDI Technical White Paper[EB/OL].http//www.uddi.org.
[32]The Universal Description,Discovery and Integration(UDDI)protocol.Version3.2003.At http://www.uddi.org.
[33]OASIS(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards).UDDI Executive Overview:Enabling Service-Oriented Architecture[EB/OL].http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi-exec-wp.pdf
[34]Tim Berners-Lee,Hendler J.The Semantic Web.ScientificAmerican,May,2001.
[35]崔彦.基于语义Web的服务匹配模型研究[D].大连理工硕士学位论文,2005
[36]T.R.Gruber.Towards Principles for the Design of Ontologies used for Knowledge Sharing.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,43:907-928,1995.
[37]Paolucci M,Soudry J,Srinivasan,Sycara K.A Broker for OWL-S Web services[C].InProc.of the First International Semantic Web Services Symposium.2002
[38]W3C.OWL Web Ontology Language for Services(OWL-S)Submission[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07/
[39]Dean M,Schreiber GWeb Ontology Language(OWL)Reference Version1.0[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-ref-200402101.
[40]Dongsheng Li,Nong Xiao,and Xicheng Lu.Topology and Resource Discovery in Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks.In:H.Jin,Y.Pan,N.Xiao,and J.Sun.GCC 2004Workshops,LNCS 3252,Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2004,221-228
[41]Ratnasamy S,Shenker S,Stoica I.Routing algorithms for DHTs:Some open questions[A].1st Internation Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems[C],Cambridge:Spdnger-Verlag,2002.45-52
[42]Stoica I,Morris R,Karger D,Kaashoek MF,Balakrishnan H.Chord:A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for Interact applications.ACM SIGCOMM,August 2001,149-160.
[43]Ratnasamy S,Francis P,Handley M,Karp R,Shenker S.A Scalable Content-Addressable Network.ACM SIGCOMM,August 2001,161-172.
[44]Rowstron A,Druschel P.Pastry:Scalable,Distributed Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems.Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms,Middleware,November 2001,329-350
[45]Gupta A,Liskov B,Rodrigues R.One hop lookups for peer-to-peer overlays.In:Proc.of the 9th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems.2003.http://www.usenix.org/events/hotos03/
[46]Gupta A,Liskov B,Rodrigues R.Efficient routing for peer-to-peer overlays.In:Proc.of the 1st Symp.on Networked Systems Design and Implementation(NSDI 2004).2004.http://www.usenix.org/events/nsdi04/
[47]岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英.Wleb服务核心支撑技术[J].研究综述,软件学报,2004,15(3):428-443
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[2]W3C Working Group.Web services glossary[EB/OL].[2004-02-11].http://www.w3.org/tr/2004/note-ws-gloss-20040211
[3]柴晓路.Web服务架构与与开放互操作技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[4]Thomi Pilioura,Aphrodite Tsalgatidou,Alexandros Batsakis.Using WSDL/UDDI and DAML-S in Web Service Discovery.WWW 2003 Workshop on E-Services and the Semantic Web(ESSW'03),Budapest,2003.
[5]UDDL.org.UDDI Spec TC,Version3.0.2,2004.http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.htm
[6]Tim Bemers-Lee.XML and the web Resentation at XML World 2000,2000:http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html
[7]K.Sivashanmugam,K.Verma,R.Mulye,Z.Zhong.Speed-R:Semnatic P2P environment for diverse Web services registries.Final Presentation,CSCI:8350,Enterpdse Integration,CS DePt,UGA,2002.
[8]Kunal Verma,Kaarthik Sivashanmugam,Amit Sheth,Abhijit Patil,Swapna Oundhakar,John Miller.METEOR-S WSDI:A Scalable P2P Infrastructure of Registries for Semantic Publication and Discovery of Web Services.Journal of Information Technology and Management,2005,06(1):17-39
[9]Wolfgang Hoschek.A Unified Peer-to-Peer Database Framework for Xqueries Dynamic Distributed Content and Its Application for Scalable Service Discovery.[PhD]Dissertation.Technical University of Vienna.2002.
[10]Hung-Chang Hsiao,Chung-Ta King.Neuron-A Wide-Area Service Discovery Infrastructure.In Proceedings of International Confemece on Parallel Processing (ICPP2002).
[11]Benatallah B,Dumas M,Sheng QZ,Ngu AHH.Declarative composition and peer-to-peer provisioning of dynamic services.In:Proc.of the 18th Int'l Conf.on Data Engineering.San Jose:IEEE Computer Society,2002.297-308.
[12]Sheng QZ,Benatallah B,Dumas M,Mak EO-Y.SELF-SERV:A platform for rapid composition of Web services in a peer-to-peer Environment[C].Proc.of the 28th Int'l Conf.on Very Large Data Bases.Hong Kong:Morgan Kaufmann Publisher,2002.1051-1054.
[13]M.Schlosser,M.Sintek,S.Decker,and W.Nejdl,"A scalable and ontology-based P2P infrastructure for semantic Web services," in Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing(P2P'02),Linkoping,Sweden,2002,104-111.
[14]Hansen M,Madnick S,Siegel M.Data integration using Web services.In:Bressan S,ed.Proc.of the VLDB 2002 Workshop Efficiency and Effectiveness of XML Tools and Techniques and Data Integration over the Web(EEXTI).HongKong:Springer-Verlag.2003.165-182.
[15]U.Thaden,W.Siberski,and W.Nejdl,A Semantic Web based Peer-to-Peer Service Registry Network,tech.rep.Learning lab Lower Saxony,2003.
[16]Sehmidt C,Parashar M.A peer-to-peer approach to Web service discovery[J].World Wide Web Journal,2004,7(2):211-229
[17]Elenius D,Ingmarsson M.Ontology-Based service discovery in P2P network.In:Proc.of Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management.Boston,2004.http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/711664.html
[18]Essafi T,Dorta N,Seret D.A scalable peer-to-peer approach to service discovery using ontology.In:Proc.of the 9th World Multiconference on Systemics,Cybernetics and Informatics.Orlando,2005.http://www.math-info.univ-paris5.fr/～seret/artgd.pdf
[19]Hu CM,Zhu YM,Huai JP,Liu YH,Ni LM.Efficient information service management using service club in CROWN grid.In:Proc.of the 2005 IEEE Int'l Conf.on Service Computing(SCC 2005).Washington:IEEE Computer Society,2005.5-12http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1097875.1098401
[20]陈德伟,许斌,蔡月茹,李涓子.服务部署与发布绑定的基于P2P网络的Web服务发现机制[J].计算机学报2005,28(4):615-626.
[21]胡建强,郭长国,王怀民,邹鹏.一种基于P2P网络的Web服务发现方法[J].电子学报2005,30(12):2504-2507
[22]姚书怀.语义Web服务发现机制的研究[D].硕士论文.西华大学,2005
[23]李寅,马范援,邹福泰.基于分布式哈希表对等网络的Web服务发现[J].上海交通大学学报2006,40(5):805-809
[24]于守健,夏小玲,乐嘉锦,基于语义描述的分布式Web服务发布与发现[J],计算机工程,2007,33(7):117-119
[25]刘志忠,王怀民,周斌.一种双层P2P结构的语义服务发现模型[J].软件学报2007,18(8):1922-1932.
[26]梁晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术构架和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2003.12-13
[27]Feisi Science and Techinque center of Research an development.Application and Development of Java Web Services.Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2002.190-196
[28]Shmueli O.Architectures for internal Web services deployment.In:Apers P,ed.Proc.ofthe 27~(th)Int'l conf.on Very Large Data Bases.Roma:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2001,641-644
[29]W3C.SOAP Version 1.2[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/soap/
[30]Christensen E,Curbera F,Meredith G,Weerawarana S.Web Services Description Language(WSDL)1.1[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTE-wsdl-20010315.
[31]UDDI:The UDDI Technical White Paper[EB/OL].http//www.uddi.org.
[32]The Universal Description,Discovery and Integration(UDDI)protocol.Version3.2003.At http://www.uddi.org.
[33]OASIS(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards).UDDI Executive Overview:Enabling Service-Oriented Architecture[EB/OL].http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi-exec-wp.pdf
[34]Tim Berners-Lee,Hendler J.The Semantic Web.ScientificAmerican,May,2001.
[35]崔彦.基于语义Web的服务匹配模型研究[D].大连理工硕士学位论文,2005
[36]T.R.Gruber.Towards Principles for the Design of Ontologies used for Knowledge Sharing.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,43:907-928,1995.
[37]Paolucci M,Soudry J,Srinivasan,Sycara K.A Broker for OWL-S Web services[C].InProc.of the First International Semantic Web Services Symposium.2002
[38]W3C.OWL Web Ontology Language for Services(OWL-S)Submission[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07/
[39]Dean M,Schreiber GWeb Ontology Language(OWL)Reference Version1.0[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-ref-200402101.
[40]Dongsheng Li,Nong Xiao,and Xicheng Lu.Topology and Resource Discovery in Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks.In:H.Jin,Y.Pan,N.Xiao,and J.Sun.GCC 2004Workshops,LNCS 3252,Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,2004,221-228
[41]Ratnasamy S,Shenker S,Stoica I.Routing algorithms for DHTs:Some open questions[A].1st Internation Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems[C],Cambridge:Spdnger-Verlag,2002.45-52
[42]Stoica I,Morris R,Karger D,Kaashoek MF,Balakrishnan H.Chord:A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for Interact applications.ACM SIGCOMM,August 2001,149-160.
[43]Ratnasamy S,Francis P,Handley M,Karp R,Shenker S.A Scalable Content-Addressable Network.ACM SIGCOMM,August 2001,161-172.
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