灾害环境下深海立管的安全性评估
|
摘要
随着现代化工业进程的发展,油气资源的消耗需求越来越大,能源已成为制约我国经济发展的一个关键因素。我国南海蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,但由于水深限制尚未得到很好地开发利用。加快我国南海深水油气开发,对我国经济发展至关重要。
作为深水油气勘探开采设备的关键组成部分,深海立管系统在钻井、采油等作业方面起着不可或缺的作用。深海立管由于其细长的结构特点,在各种复杂环境载荷的作用下极易发生失效情况。立管一旦损坏,不仅会造成很大的经济损失,还可能由于油气泄露引起严重的次生灾害,因此立管结构安全性一直是深水油气资源开发项目研究的重点。
关于海洋立管的设计,规范一般只考虑百年一遇海况下的极端情况。因此,对于我国南海可能出现的超过百年一遇下的灾害性海况,需要进行相应强度计算以评估该海域平台立管的结构安全性。
本文首先借助挪威船级社的DeepC软件,进行全系统耦合分析获得浮式平台在灾害海况下的运动响应,然后通过软件ABAQUS建立深海立管的有限元分析模型,考虑平台随机运动以及波浪、流等环境载荷的联合作用,计算深海立管在灾害海况下的随机结构动力响应,最后根据广义极值理论对随机结果数据进行极值提取拟合,并与相应规范中的许用应力进行比较,完成立管在灾害海洋环境下的安全性评估。
With the development of modern industrial processes, the consumption of oil and gas resources has become more and more heavy, which would be a key issue that constrains China’s economic development. In South Sea of China, there are rich reserves of oil and gas that haven’t been well exploited and utilized due to the limitation of water depth. Hence, speeding up the deepwater exploitation of resources in China’s South Sea is of vital importance to the economic development of China.
As a key component of deep-sea mining equipments, the riser system plays an indispensable role in drilling and transporting oil/gas. However, due to its slender structural feature, the failure of deep-sea riser can easily occur under the actions of various complex environmental loads. Once the riser is damaged, it will cause not only great economic losses but also serious secondary disasters due to gas/oil leak. So the safety of the riser has always been one of the study focuses of deep-water resource development projects.
About the design of the marine riser, generally, only sea conditions with a return period of not more than 100 years will be taken into account in relevant rules. Considering the disastrous marine environment with a return period of more than 100 years which may occur in the south sea of china, a direct strength calculation will be needed to assess the structural safety of the deep-sea riser.
In this paper, first, the movement response of the floating platform in disastrous marine environments is obtained through the full coupling analysis method by software DeepC of DNV, and then the random dynamic response of the deep-sea riser is analyzed by ABAQUS with the joint actions of environmental loads taken into account. Furthermore, the random result data is fitted based on the generalized extreme value theory and then compared with the allowable stress given in relevant rules. Finally, the safety assessment of the deep-sea riser in disastrous marine environments is achieved.
作为深水油气勘探开采设备的关键组成部分,深海立管系统在钻井、采油等作业方面起着不可或缺的作用。深海立管由于其细长的结构特点,在各种复杂环境载荷的作用下极易发生失效情况。立管一旦损坏,不仅会造成很大的经济损失,还可能由于油气泄露引起严重的次生灾害,因此立管结构安全性一直是深水油气资源开发项目研究的重点。
关于海洋立管的设计,规范一般只考虑百年一遇海况下的极端情况。因此,对于我国南海可能出现的超过百年一遇下的灾害性海况,需要进行相应强度计算以评估该海域平台立管的结构安全性。
本文首先借助挪威船级社的DeepC软件,进行全系统耦合分析获得浮式平台在灾害海况下的运动响应,然后通过软件ABAQUS建立深海立管的有限元分析模型,考虑平台随机运动以及波浪、流等环境载荷的联合作用,计算深海立管在灾害海况下的随机结构动力响应,最后根据广义极值理论对随机结果数据进行极值提取拟合,并与相应规范中的许用应力进行比较,完成立管在灾害海洋环境下的安全性评估。
With the development of modern industrial processes, the consumption of oil and gas resources has become more and more heavy, which would be a key issue that constrains China’s economic development. In South Sea of China, there are rich reserves of oil and gas that haven’t been well exploited and utilized due to the limitation of water depth. Hence, speeding up the deepwater exploitation of resources in China’s South Sea is of vital importance to the economic development of China.
As a key component of deep-sea mining equipments, the riser system plays an indispensable role in drilling and transporting oil/gas. However, due to its slender structural feature, the failure of deep-sea riser can easily occur under the actions of various complex environmental loads. Once the riser is damaged, it will cause not only great economic losses but also serious secondary disasters due to gas/oil leak. So the safety of the riser has always been one of the study focuses of deep-water resource development projects.
About the design of the marine riser, generally, only sea conditions with a return period of not more than 100 years will be taken into account in relevant rules. Considering the disastrous marine environment with a return period of more than 100 years which may occur in the south sea of china, a direct strength calculation will be needed to assess the structural safety of the deep-sea riser.
In this paper, first, the movement response of the floating platform in disastrous marine environments is obtained through the full coupling analysis method by software DeepC of DNV, and then the random dynamic response of the deep-sea riser is analyzed by ABAQUS with the joint actions of environmental loads taken into account. Furthermore, the random result data is fitted based on the generalized extreme value theory and then compared with the allowable stress given in relevant rules. Finally, the safety assessment of the deep-sea riser in disastrous marine environments is achieved.
引文
[1]张位平.加快中国深海油气资源的经济开发[J].国际石油经济.2007, 15(10):59-62.
[2] American Petroleum Institute. API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2RD Design of Risers for Floating Production Systems (FPSs) and Tension-Leg Platforms (TLPs)[S]. Washington, D C: API Publishing Services, 1998.
[3]缪国平.挠性部件力学导论[M].上海交通大学出版社, 1995.
[4]王丹丹.水下立管载荷与运动分析计算[学位论文].大连理工大学.2006.
[5]郭海燕,董文乙,娄敏.海中输流立管涡激振动试验研究及疲劳寿命分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(3).
[6]梁青香,张根全.有限元与MARC实现[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[7]饶寿期.有限元法和边界元法基础[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.
[8]于秀坤.立管在波、流作用下动态响应的频域分析[学位论文].哈尔滨工程大学,1991.
[9] Hirata M H,Hus L,Farias F M. On the design and Dynamical analysis of a riser[C]. Proceedings of the 3rcl international Symposium on Offshore Engineering. Paris:COPPE,1981.
[10] Nelson F.F.Ebeken,Edison C.P.Lima,Marcio M.Mourelle. Nonlinear transient motion of deepsea risers[J]. Offshore Engineering,1986.
[11] Ertas, A., Kozik, T.J., Numerical Solution Techniques for Dynamic Analysis of Marine Riser[J] Journal of Energy Resources Technology, ASME, Vol.109/1.1987.
[12]贾星兰,方华灿.海洋钻井隔水管的动力响应[J].1995.23(8):18-23.
[13]李华桂.海洋钻井隔水管的动力分析[J].石油学报.1996, 17(1):122-126.
[14]唐友刚,谷家扬,左建立,闵建琴.隔水套管波流联合作用下非线性动力响应[J].应用数学和力学.2005, 26 (8):951-956.
[15]王腾,张修占,朱为全等.平台运动下深水钻井隔水管非线性动力响应研究[J].海洋工程.8.2008, 26(3):21-26.
[16] CHANG Yuan-jiang,CHEN Guo-ming,SUN You-yi,XU Liang-bin,PENG Peng. Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Deepwater Drilling Risers Subjected to Random Loads[J]. China Ocean Engineering. 2008,22(4):683-691.
[17]周宏杰,闰澎旺,孙国民.复杂条件下双层立管的有限元分析[J].海洋工程,2.2004,22(1):74-79.
[18]程保荣,张卫国.带柔性接头的深海立管动力特性和非线性静力响应分析[J].工程力学,5.1997,14(2):102-107.
[19]秦延龙,王世澎.海洋立管涡激振动计算方法进展[J].中国海洋平台,8.2008,23 (4):14-18.
[20] Li Yousun. The Concept of Virtual Penetration and Its Application in Risers with Mutiple Contacts[R]. Oslo, Norway. OMEA. 02 June, 2002, 23-28.
[21] Euclydea Trovato Neto, Claudio Ruggieri. Numerical Representation of the CollisionInteraction Mass for Dual Risers Systems[R]. Oslo, Norway. OMEA. 02 June, 2002, 23-28.
[22] Huse, Erling. Flow Interference and Clashing in Deep Sea Riser Arrays. Workshop on Vortex Induced Vibrations of Offshore Structures[R]. WVIVOS-Escola Politécnica Universidade de ?o Paulo-Brazil, 2000.
[23]邵炎林,何炎平.海洋结构物中典型圆管构件的碰撞损伤研究[J].中国海洋平台, 2006,21(1):36-40.
[24]陈云水,王德禹. SPAR平台立管相互碰撞的有限元分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(9):115-119.
[25] Wilmshurst S.R., Chan H.H., Ellinas C.P. Mott MacDonald Ltd. Local Riser Impact: F.E. Model Validation Using Laboratory Impact Tests[R]. IOPEC 2001, Stavanger, Norway, June 17-22, 2001:254-260.
[26]余建星,张中华.深水浮式系统耦合分析方法研究[J].海洋技术, 2009, 28(1):89-92.
[27] H.Ormberg,K.Larsen. Coupled analysis of floater motion and mooring dynamics for a turret-moored ship[J].Applied Ocean Research 1998,20:55-67.
[28] Y.M. Low,R.S.Langley. A hybrid time/frequency domain approach for efficient coupled analysis of vessel/mooring/riser dynamics[J].Ocean Engineering 2008,35:433-446.
[29] Ormberg, H., Fylling, I.J., Larsen, K., S?dahl, N. Coupled Analysis of Vessel Motions and Mooring and Riser System Dynamics[A]. 16th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Yokohama, Japan 1997.
[30] Ormberg, H. and Larsen, K. Coupled Analysis of Floater Motion and Mooring Dynamics for a Turret Moored Ship[A]. 8th International Conference of the Behaviour of Offshore Structures (BOSS), Delft, The Netherlands 1997.
[31] Ormberg, H., S?dahl, N. and Steinkjer, O. Efficient Analysis of Mooring Systems Using De-Coupled and Coupled Analysis[A]. Proceedings of the 17th (1998) International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), paper 1460, July 5-9, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal
[32] Ormberg, H., Baarholm, R. and Stansberg, C.T. Time-Domain Coupled Analysis of Deepwater TLP, and Verification against Model Tests[A]. Paper No.2003-JSC-299, 13th ISOPE Conference, Honolulu, 2003.
[33] Astrup, O.C., Nesteg?rd, A., Ron?ss, M. and S?dahl, N. Coupled Analysis Strategies for Deepwater Spar Platforms[A]. Proceedings ISOPE, Stavanger.2001
[34]“典型深水平台概念设计研究”课题组.典型深水顶部张紧立管的设计方法[J].中国造船,2005,Vol.46:447-452.
[35] Himanshu Gupta,Vincenzo Nava. Determination of Riser Tensioner Properties From Full-Scale Data[A]. Proceedings of the ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering OMAE2008,6.2008.
[36] ABAQUS, Inc..Abaqus Version 6.6 Documentation[S].2006. Simulia.
[37]畅元江,陈国明,许亮斌.导向架隔水管在波流联合作用下的非线性动力响应[J].中国石油大学学报,2006,30(5):74-78.
[38] American Bureau of Shipping. Guide for Building and Classing Subsea Riser Systems[S].2006.
[39] Det Norske Veritas. Offshore Standard DNV-OS-F201 Dynamic Risers[S].2001.
[40] Castillo E. Extreme in Engineering Applications[M]. Extreme Value Theory and Applications Printed in Netherlands, 1996.
[41] Kozik, T. J., Noerager, J.,Riser Tensioner Force Variations[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, 1978, 18(6):399-408.
[42] F. Botros, R.Burke, A. Magee, X. Lu, M.Leung. Coupled Analysis and Tensioning System for Holstein Dry-Tree Risers[A]. Offshore Technology Conference, 2005.
[43] S.Perryman, J.Gebara, Fikry Botros, A. Yu. Holstein Truss Spar and Top Tensioned Riser System Design Challenges and Innovations[A].Offshore Technology Conference, 2005.
[44] American Petroleum Institute.API RP 16Q Recommended Practice for Design Selection Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser System[S].2001.
[2] American Petroleum Institute. API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2RD Design of Risers for Floating Production Systems (FPSs) and Tension-Leg Platforms (TLPs)[S]. Washington, D C: API Publishing Services, 1998.
[3]缪国平.挠性部件力学导论[M].上海交通大学出版社, 1995.
[4]王丹丹.水下立管载荷与运动分析计算[学位论文].大连理工大学.2006.
[5]郭海燕,董文乙,娄敏.海中输流立管涡激振动试验研究及疲劳寿命分析[J].中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(3).
[6]梁青香,张根全.有限元与MARC实现[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[7]饶寿期.有限元法和边界元法基础[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1990.
[8]于秀坤.立管在波、流作用下动态响应的频域分析[学位论文].哈尔滨工程大学,1991.
[9] Hirata M H,Hus L,Farias F M. On the design and Dynamical analysis of a riser[C]. Proceedings of the 3rcl international Symposium on Offshore Engineering. Paris:COPPE,1981.
[10] Nelson F.F.Ebeken,Edison C.P.Lima,Marcio M.Mourelle. Nonlinear transient motion of deepsea risers[J]. Offshore Engineering,1986.
[11] Ertas, A., Kozik, T.J., Numerical Solution Techniques for Dynamic Analysis of Marine Riser[J] Journal of Energy Resources Technology, ASME, Vol.109/1.1987.
[12]贾星兰,方华灿.海洋钻井隔水管的动力响应[J].1995.23(8):18-23.
[13]李华桂.海洋钻井隔水管的动力分析[J].石油学报.1996, 17(1):122-126.
[14]唐友刚,谷家扬,左建立,闵建琴.隔水套管波流联合作用下非线性动力响应[J].应用数学和力学.2005, 26 (8):951-956.
[15]王腾,张修占,朱为全等.平台运动下深水钻井隔水管非线性动力响应研究[J].海洋工程.8.2008, 26(3):21-26.
[16] CHANG Yuan-jiang,CHEN Guo-ming,SUN You-yi,XU Liang-bin,PENG Peng. Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Deepwater Drilling Risers Subjected to Random Loads[J]. China Ocean Engineering. 2008,22(4):683-691.
[17]周宏杰,闰澎旺,孙国民.复杂条件下双层立管的有限元分析[J].海洋工程,2.2004,22(1):74-79.
[18]程保荣,张卫国.带柔性接头的深海立管动力特性和非线性静力响应分析[J].工程力学,5.1997,14(2):102-107.
[19]秦延龙,王世澎.海洋立管涡激振动计算方法进展[J].中国海洋平台,8.2008,23 (4):14-18.
[20] Li Yousun. The Concept of Virtual Penetration and Its Application in Risers with Mutiple Contacts[R]. Oslo, Norway. OMEA. 02 June, 2002, 23-28.
[21] Euclydea Trovato Neto, Claudio Ruggieri. Numerical Representation of the CollisionInteraction Mass for Dual Risers Systems[R]. Oslo, Norway. OMEA. 02 June, 2002, 23-28.
[22] Huse, Erling. Flow Interference and Clashing in Deep Sea Riser Arrays. Workshop on Vortex Induced Vibrations of Offshore Structures[R]. WVIVOS-Escola Politécnica Universidade de ?o Paulo-Brazil, 2000.
[23]邵炎林,何炎平.海洋结构物中典型圆管构件的碰撞损伤研究[J].中国海洋平台, 2006,21(1):36-40.
[24]陈云水,王德禹. SPAR平台立管相互碰撞的有限元分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(9):115-119.
[25] Wilmshurst S.R., Chan H.H., Ellinas C.P. Mott MacDonald Ltd. Local Riser Impact: F.E. Model Validation Using Laboratory Impact Tests[R]. IOPEC 2001, Stavanger, Norway, June 17-22, 2001:254-260.
[26]余建星,张中华.深水浮式系统耦合分析方法研究[J].海洋技术, 2009, 28(1):89-92.
[27] H.Ormberg,K.Larsen. Coupled analysis of floater motion and mooring dynamics for a turret-moored ship[J].Applied Ocean Research 1998,20:55-67.
[28] Y.M. Low,R.S.Langley. A hybrid time/frequency domain approach for efficient coupled analysis of vessel/mooring/riser dynamics[J].Ocean Engineering 2008,35:433-446.
[29] Ormberg, H., Fylling, I.J., Larsen, K., S?dahl, N. Coupled Analysis of Vessel Motions and Mooring and Riser System Dynamics[A]. 16th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), Yokohama, Japan 1997.
[30] Ormberg, H. and Larsen, K. Coupled Analysis of Floater Motion and Mooring Dynamics for a Turret Moored Ship[A]. 8th International Conference of the Behaviour of Offshore Structures (BOSS), Delft, The Netherlands 1997.
[31] Ormberg, H., S?dahl, N. and Steinkjer, O. Efficient Analysis of Mooring Systems Using De-Coupled and Coupled Analysis[A]. Proceedings of the 17th (1998) International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE), paper 1460, July 5-9, 1998, Lisbon, Portugal
[32] Ormberg, H., Baarholm, R. and Stansberg, C.T. Time-Domain Coupled Analysis of Deepwater TLP, and Verification against Model Tests[A]. Paper No.2003-JSC-299, 13th ISOPE Conference, Honolulu, 2003.
[33] Astrup, O.C., Nesteg?rd, A., Ron?ss, M. and S?dahl, N. Coupled Analysis Strategies for Deepwater Spar Platforms[A]. Proceedings ISOPE, Stavanger.2001
[34]“典型深水平台概念设计研究”课题组.典型深水顶部张紧立管的设计方法[J].中国造船,2005,Vol.46:447-452.
[35] Himanshu Gupta,Vincenzo Nava. Determination of Riser Tensioner Properties From Full-Scale Data[A]. Proceedings of the ASME 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering OMAE2008,6.2008.
[36] ABAQUS, Inc..Abaqus Version 6.6 Documentation[S].2006. Simulia.
[37]畅元江,陈国明,许亮斌.导向架隔水管在波流联合作用下的非线性动力响应[J].中国石油大学学报,2006,30(5):74-78.
[38] American Bureau of Shipping. Guide for Building and Classing Subsea Riser Systems[S].2006.
[39] Det Norske Veritas. Offshore Standard DNV-OS-F201 Dynamic Risers[S].2001.
[40] Castillo E. Extreme in Engineering Applications[M]. Extreme Value Theory and Applications Printed in Netherlands, 1996.
[41] Kozik, T. J., Noerager, J.,Riser Tensioner Force Variations[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, 1978, 18(6):399-408.
[42] F. Botros, R.Burke, A. Magee, X. Lu, M.Leung. Coupled Analysis and Tensioning System for Holstein Dry-Tree Risers[A]. Offshore Technology Conference, 2005.
[43] S.Perryman, J.Gebara, Fikry Botros, A. Yu. Holstein Truss Spar and Top Tensioned Riser System Design Challenges and Innovations[A].Offshore Technology Conference, 2005.
[44] American Petroleum Institute.API RP 16Q Recommended Practice for Design Selection Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser System[S].2001.