采动区地基与水闸结构相互作用机理及加固技术研究
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摘要
加固改造是采动区水闸结构沉陷治理的有效方法，但前提是基于土与结构的相互作用准确地获取地表变形作用下水闸结构的受力状态。开采扰动影响下的土与结构界面的力学特性影响着采动区地基与结构的相互作用，但目前缺乏系统的研究。由于采动区地基与水闸结构相互作用的高度复杂性，平面有限元法无法分析采动影响下地基与水闸结构复杂的空间变形性状，因此本文采用三维模型对采动影响下的地基与水闸结构相互作用进行了系统研究，对采动区水闸结构的安全性和地下资源的充分利用具有重要的指导意义。
根据采动区扰动土的特点，通过改变土样的初始孔隙比和饱和度模拟扰动土物理性质的变化。采用DRS-1型直剪试验系统完成了扰动土与结构材料界面的直剪试验，分析了法向应力、初始孔隙比以及初始饱和度对界面剪切特性的影响。通过自制的界面剪切试验系统进行了浸水条件下扰动土与结构界面的剪切试验，通过数据对比，验证了界面剪切试验系统的可靠性。根据剪切试验结果，分析了浸水条件、加载-卸载、分段加载及反向加载等复杂加载路径下扰动土与结构界面的剪切性能。在扰动土与结构界面剪切试验分析的基础上，讨论了土样剪切强度与界面剪切强度的关系，定量分析了结构表面粗糙度对界面剪切强度的影响，建立了扰动土与结构界面的本构模型。采用ABAQUS中FRIC子程序进行二次开发，通过数值计算验证了模型的有效性。
根据采动区下沉盆地的特征，推导了三维下沉曲面公式，并采用Python语言进行编程实现该三维曲面在ABAQUS模型中的施加。数值计算的结果表明，其形成的下沉盆地移动变形规律与概率积分法所得下沉盆地的规律基本一致。结合工程实例，根据地表控制点的下沉量，采用反演分析方法计算出下沉盆地的程序参数。
结合工程实例，建立了采动区地基与水闸结构的三维弹塑性有限元模型，分别探讨了修正剑桥模型、Mohr-Coulomb模型以及混凝土损伤塑性模型参数的选取办法。整体模型中地基与水闸的界面采用VSRP模型，并通过界面模型中孔隙比的变化模拟扰动土的影响。分别进行了不考虑扰动土影响和考虑扰动土影响的采动影响下水闸结构整体分析。
根据有限元分析结果，提出了采用内衬箱涵式钢筋混凝土框架结构的加固方案。通过采动影响下的加固水闸结构的整体分析，结果表明加固方案设计合理，加固效果显著。针对水闸结构的加固改造提出了具体的实施方案及施工中的关键环节。对采动区新建抗变形水闸提出合理化的设计建议。
Reinforcement transformation method is an efficient way to harness the sluicewithin subsidence areas; the premise is to accurately obtain the stress condition of thesluice under the influence of mining based on soil-structure interaction. Thefoundation-sluice interaction within subsidence areas is influenced by mechanicalcharacteristics of disturbed soil-structure interface. However, a systematic study of theshear behavior of this disturbed soil-structure interface is relatively limited andinfrequently reported in the literature. As the foundation-sluice interaction withinsubsidence areas is highly complex, it is insufficient to analyze the spatialstress-deformation behavior by using the plane finite element method. This papersystematically studies the foundation-sluice interaction within subsidence areas, basedon a series of3-D finite element analysis. Which is great significant to the reliabilityof the sluice within subsidence areas and availability of underground resource.
Based on the variation regularity of disturbed soil in mining subsidence areas, aseries of disturbed soil-structure shear tests was performed by DRS-1direct shearexperiment system. The shear characteristic of the soil-structure interface wassystematically studied. The influences of normal stress, initial porosity ratio andinitial saturation for interface were analyzed.A series of disturbed soil-structure sheartests under the water immersion condition was performed by a newly developed shearexperiment system. Based on data comparison，the reliability of newly experimentsystem was validated. The influences of water-immersion condition, unload-reloadshear, staged shear and reverse shear for the interface were analyzed.Based on theresults of tests, the shear strength relationship between soil and soil-structure interfacewas discussed, the influences of surface roughness for shear strength of the interfacewas quantitatively analyzed. The constitutive model of disturbed soil-structureinterface (VSRP model) has been established. Numerical implementation of VSRPmodel has been finished through user subroutines. Through numerical calculation, theavailability of the model was verified.
According to characteristics of the surface subsidence basin, three-dimensionalsubsidence surface equations have been derived from two-dimensional equations, andimplemented in ABAQUS through Python. The result of numerical calculationindicates that the moving and deformation laws of the three-dimensional equations arebasically the same as those of probability integral method. With a project example, theparameters of the surface subsidence basin were calculated by back analysis.
With a project example, the whole three-dimensional elastoplastic model of thefoundation and sluice was established. The selection is studied of the parameters ofMCC model, Mohr-Coulomb model and concrete damage plasticity model. VSRPmodel was used to simulate the interface between the foundation and the sluice. Theinfluence of disturbed soil was considered by changing porosity ratio in VSRP model.Finite element analysis of the sluice within subsidence areas has been finishedconsidering the disturbed soil and without considering the disturbed soil.
According to the results of finite element analysis, the reinforcement scheme ofthe sluice chamber was presented by lining with box frame structure. It is showed thatthe scheme is reasonable and has remarkably reinforcing effect, through finite elementanalysis of the reinforced sluice after the influence of mining. Concrete implementscheme of reinforcement and design suggestion for newly-built anti-deformationsluice were presented.
根据采动区扰动土的特点，通过改变土样的初始孔隙比和饱和度模拟扰动土物理性质的变化。采用DRS-1型直剪试验系统完成了扰动土与结构材料界面的直剪试验，分析了法向应力、初始孔隙比以及初始饱和度对界面剪切特性的影响。通过自制的界面剪切试验系统进行了浸水条件下扰动土与结构界面的剪切试验，通过数据对比，验证了界面剪切试验系统的可靠性。根据剪切试验结果，分析了浸水条件、加载-卸载、分段加载及反向加载等复杂加载路径下扰动土与结构界面的剪切性能。在扰动土与结构界面剪切试验分析的基础上，讨论了土样剪切强度与界面剪切强度的关系，定量分析了结构表面粗糙度对界面剪切强度的影响，建立了扰动土与结构界面的本构模型。采用ABAQUS中FRIC子程序进行二次开发，通过数值计算验证了模型的有效性。
根据采动区下沉盆地的特征，推导了三维下沉曲面公式，并采用Python语言进行编程实现该三维曲面在ABAQUS模型中的施加。数值计算的结果表明，其形成的下沉盆地移动变形规律与概率积分法所得下沉盆地的规律基本一致。结合工程实例，根据地表控制点的下沉量，采用反演分析方法计算出下沉盆地的程序参数。
结合工程实例，建立了采动区地基与水闸结构的三维弹塑性有限元模型，分别探讨了修正剑桥模型、Mohr-Coulomb模型以及混凝土损伤塑性模型参数的选取办法。整体模型中地基与水闸的界面采用VSRP模型，并通过界面模型中孔隙比的变化模拟扰动土的影响。分别进行了不考虑扰动土影响和考虑扰动土影响的采动影响下水闸结构整体分析。
根据有限元分析结果，提出了采用内衬箱涵式钢筋混凝土框架结构的加固方案。通过采动影响下的加固水闸结构的整体分析，结果表明加固方案设计合理，加固效果显著。针对水闸结构的加固改造提出了具体的实施方案及施工中的关键环节。对采动区新建抗变形水闸提出合理化的设计建议。
Reinforcement transformation method is an efficient way to harness the sluicewithin subsidence areas; the premise is to accurately obtain the stress condition of thesluice under the influence of mining based on soil-structure interaction. Thefoundation-sluice interaction within subsidence areas is influenced by mechanicalcharacteristics of disturbed soil-structure interface. However, a systematic study of theshear behavior of this disturbed soil-structure interface is relatively limited andinfrequently reported in the literature. As the foundation-sluice interaction withinsubsidence areas is highly complex, it is insufficient to analyze the spatialstress-deformation behavior by using the plane finite element method. This papersystematically studies the foundation-sluice interaction within subsidence areas, basedon a series of3-D finite element analysis. Which is great significant to the reliabilityof the sluice within subsidence areas and availability of underground resource.
Based on the variation regularity of disturbed soil in mining subsidence areas, aseries of disturbed soil-structure shear tests was performed by DRS-1direct shearexperiment system. The shear characteristic of the soil-structure interface wassystematically studied. The influences of normal stress, initial porosity ratio andinitial saturation for interface were analyzed.A series of disturbed soil-structure sheartests under the water immersion condition was performed by a newly developed shearexperiment system. Based on data comparison，the reliability of newly experimentsystem was validated. The influences of water-immersion condition, unload-reloadshear, staged shear and reverse shear for the interface were analyzed.Based on theresults of tests, the shear strength relationship between soil and soil-structure interfacewas discussed, the influences of surface roughness for shear strength of the interfacewas quantitatively analyzed. The constitutive model of disturbed soil-structureinterface (VSRP model) has been established. Numerical implementation of VSRPmodel has been finished through user subroutines. Through numerical calculation, theavailability of the model was verified.
According to characteristics of the surface subsidence basin, three-dimensionalsubsidence surface equations have been derived from two-dimensional equations, andimplemented in ABAQUS through Python. The result of numerical calculationindicates that the moving and deformation laws of the three-dimensional equations arebasically the same as those of probability integral method. With a project example, theparameters of the surface subsidence basin were calculated by back analysis.
With a project example, the whole three-dimensional elastoplastic model of thefoundation and sluice was established. The selection is studied of the parameters ofMCC model, Mohr-Coulomb model and concrete damage plasticity model. VSRPmodel was used to simulate the interface between the foundation and the sluice. Theinfluence of disturbed soil was considered by changing porosity ratio in VSRP model.Finite element analysis of the sluice within subsidence areas has been finishedconsidering the disturbed soil and without considering the disturbed soil.
According to the results of finite element analysis, the reinforcement scheme ofthe sluice chamber was presented by lining with box frame structure. It is showed thatthe scheme is reasonable and has remarkably reinforcing effect, through finite elementanalysis of the reinforced sluice after the influence of mining. Concrete implementscheme of reinforcement and design suggestion for newly-built anti-deformationsluice were presented.
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