单通道有源噪声控制技术研究
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摘要
随着人类社会的不断发展进步,噪声污染已经越来越受到重视,噪声会严重影响人的身体健康,同时还会对机器设备产生影响,使其性能下降,使用寿命降低等等,所以噪声控制技术得到快速发展,国内外研究者做了大量工作。
噪声控制技术分为无源噪声控制技术和有源噪声控制技术,传统的方法是采用无源噪声控制技术,包括吸声、隔声处理等等,原理是利用噪声声波与声学材料或者声学结构相互作用来吸收噪声声波能量。
人体对声音的反映是通过响度来评价的,而在声音强度相同时,中低频声音产生的响度最大,所以对人体的影响也最大。无源噪声控制技术一般对高频声音有好的降噪,而对中低频却没有很好的降噪效果。
本文运用有源噪声控制技术对中低频噪声进行降噪处理,分析了常用自适应有源噪声控制算法如滤波LMS算法,并在仿真软件中进行仿真;把遗传算法运用到有源噪声控制技术中,可以解决常用算法存在的很多问题;同时由于次级声源安放的不方便,提出虚拟位置传感器技术,通过仿真分析得到了很好的降噪效果。
本有源噪声控制平台硬件使用TI DSP控制芯片,设计声音通道管等相关硬件,通过麦克风对噪声进行采集,然后利用采集到的这些数据在仿真软件中进行降噪分析,得到良好的降噪效果。
With the continuous development and progress of human society, Noise pollution has increasingly been given attention. Noise will seriously affect the health of people, and will also have an impact on machinery and equipment, lead performance degradation, and shorten the life span. So the noise control technology has been developing rapidly, researchers have done a lot of work about noise control.
Noise control technology includes passive noise control technology and active noise control technology, the traditional methods is the passive noise control, including absorption of noise and noise isolation etc. the principle is the use of noise sound waves with acoustic materials or acoustic structure interaction to absorb the energy of noise sound waves.
The reflection of human body to sound is evaluated by loudness, when the energy is same, median and low-frequency’s sound is loudest, so they affect human more badly; but the passive noise control only has effect on high-frequency noise.
In this thesis active noise control technology has been used to solve low-frequency problem, we analyzed common adaptive active noise control algorithms, such as the filtered-x LMS algorithm,and made some simulations. Genetic algorithm also been used in the active noise control to solve many problems in the common algorithm. Due to the secondary sound source installation inconvenience, the virtual position sensor technology been posted in the thesis, through simulation, it makes well.
The active noise control platform’s hardware uses TI DSP chip, designed sound tube and other hardware. Through microphone to sample the noise, put the noise data to simulation software to analysis, got good noise reduction.
噪声控制技术分为无源噪声控制技术和有源噪声控制技术,传统的方法是采用无源噪声控制技术,包括吸声、隔声处理等等,原理是利用噪声声波与声学材料或者声学结构相互作用来吸收噪声声波能量。
人体对声音的反映是通过响度来评价的,而在声音强度相同时,中低频声音产生的响度最大,所以对人体的影响也最大。无源噪声控制技术一般对高频声音有好的降噪,而对中低频却没有很好的降噪效果。
本文运用有源噪声控制技术对中低频噪声进行降噪处理,分析了常用自适应有源噪声控制算法如滤波LMS算法,并在仿真软件中进行仿真;把遗传算法运用到有源噪声控制技术中,可以解决常用算法存在的很多问题;同时由于次级声源安放的不方便,提出虚拟位置传感器技术,通过仿真分析得到了很好的降噪效果。
本有源噪声控制平台硬件使用TI DSP控制芯片,设计声音通道管等相关硬件,通过麦克风对噪声进行采集,然后利用采集到的这些数据在仿真软件中进行降噪分析,得到良好的降噪效果。
With the continuous development and progress of human society, Noise pollution has increasingly been given attention. Noise will seriously affect the health of people, and will also have an impact on machinery and equipment, lead performance degradation, and shorten the life span. So the noise control technology has been developing rapidly, researchers have done a lot of work about noise control.
Noise control technology includes passive noise control technology and active noise control technology, the traditional methods is the passive noise control, including absorption of noise and noise isolation etc. the principle is the use of noise sound waves with acoustic materials or acoustic structure interaction to absorb the energy of noise sound waves.
The reflection of human body to sound is evaluated by loudness, when the energy is same, median and low-frequency’s sound is loudest, so they affect human more badly; but the passive noise control only has effect on high-frequency noise.
In this thesis active noise control technology has been used to solve low-frequency problem, we analyzed common adaptive active noise control algorithms, such as the filtered-x LMS algorithm,and made some simulations. Genetic algorithm also been used in the active noise control to solve many problems in the common algorithm. Due to the secondary sound source installation inconvenience, the virtual position sensor technology been posted in the thesis, through simulation, it makes well.
The active noise control platform’s hardware uses TI DSP chip, designed sound tube and other hardware. Through microphone to sample the noise, put the noise data to simulation software to analysis, got good noise reduction.
引文
[1] European Commission. Green paper-Future Noise Policy . NII, 1997, 5(2): 77-98.
[2]有源消声技术与应用述评[J].国防科技大学学报. 2001, 23(2): 119-124.
[3]杜功焕,朱哲,龚秀芳,声学基础[M].南京:南京大学出版社, 2001.31-42.
[4] Paul Leug. Process of Silencing Sound Oscillations. German Patent DRP, 1933, NO.655: 508.
[5] Paul Leug. Process of Silencing Sound Oscillations. US Patent, 1936, NO.2043: 416.
[6] H. F. Olson, Electronic control of noise[J], vibration and reverberation, Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 1956, 28:996-972.
[7] Nelson. The active minimization of harmonics enclosed sound fields[J]. JSV, 1987, 117(2):158-163.
[8] W. B. Eonover, Fighting noise with noise[J], noise control, 1956, 75-82.
[9] Chaplin, G.B.B. The cancellation of repetitive noise and vibration[J]. In Proceeding of inter-noise, 1980, 23(2):699-702.
[10]C. F. Ross, An algorithm for designing a broadband active sound control system, Journal of sound and Vibration[J], 1982, 80: 373-380.
[11]J. C. Burgress, Active Adaptive sound control in a duct: a computer simulation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America[J], 1981, 70(3): 715-726.
[12]杨楠,沙家正,吴启学.单指向性声源的空间有源消声[J].应用声学. 1992, 11(5): 14-19.
[13]马大猷.声学手册[M].北京:科学出版社, 1983, 23-25.
[14]马大猷.噪声控制学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1987: 34-35.
[15]陈可安,马远良.自适应有源消声与滤波—XLMS算法及实现[J].应用声学, 1992, 12(4): 27-33.
[16]李海英等.一种封闭空间自适应有源噪声控制系统优化方法[J],振动工程学报, 2001, 14(2): 34-36.
[17]王冲等.自适应空间有源消声最佳消声效果的实现[J].振动工程学报. 1994, 7(1): 56-57.
[18]费仁元,伊真善.管道有源消声控制技术的发展与动向[J].北京工业大学学报, 2003, 129(3): 65-69.
[19]伊真善,费仁元,周大森,刘太文.管道有源消声的机理研究与元器件发展评述[J].北京工业大学学报. 2003, 29(4): 47-50.
[20]吴斌,费仁元,周大森.管道噪声有源控制的声学特性研究I[J]理论分析.北京工业大学学报. 2003, 29(4): 36-38.
[21]吴斌,费仁元,周大森.管道噪声有源控制的声学特性研究II[J]实验部分.北京工业大学学报. 2003, 29(4): 39-42.
[22]赵秋玲,周雅莉,张奇志.管道噪声有源控制的模型研究[J].电声技术. 2004, 2: 56-58.
[23]冯涵,何培宇,高勇.一种基于TMS320VC5416DSK的有源噪声控制系统设计与实现[J],四川大学学报, 2008, 45(4): 842-846.
[24]胡涵.多通道自适应有源噪声控制快速算法研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学, 2007.
[25]刘学广.车内低频噪声多次级声源有源消声系统研究: [博士学位论文].长春:吉林大学, 2004.
[26]吴亚峰等.螺旋桨飞机舱内噪声的主动控制[J].声学技术, 2001, 20(1): 25-29.
[27]陈端石等.噪声主动控制研究的发展与动向[J].应用声学, 2001, 20(4): 1-5.
[28]刘恩泽,严济宽等.噪声主动控制系统研究概况及发展趋势[J].噪声与振动控制, 1999, (3): 2-6.
[29]徐永成等.有源消声技术与应用评述[J].国防科技大学学报, 2001, 23(2): 119-124.
[30]常振臣,王登峰等.车内噪声主动控制系统设计与试验研究[J],公路交通科技, 2003, 20(6): 150-153.
[31]杜功焕,朱哲,龚秀芳.声学基础[M].南京:南京大学出版社, 2001, 45-48.
[32]马大猷.声学手册[M].北京:科学出版社, 1983, 56-58.
[33]S. Yamaguchi, Y. Kato, K. Oimatsu, T. Saeki. A Psychological Evaluation Method for Fluctuating Random Noise Based on Fuzzy set theory. Applied acoustic[J], 1995, 45(2): 135-194.
[34]Texas Instruments, Design of Active Noise control systems with the TMS320 family[M], 1996.
[35]Olson. H. F. and E. G. May. Electronic Sound Absorber. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America[J], 1953, 25(6): 1130-1136.
[36]林涛.音箱漫谈扬声器参数释义[J].音响技术, 1995, (3): 17-18.
[37]赵洪亮,卜凡亮,黄鹤松,张仁彦. TMS320VC55x DSP应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2008,5-6.
[38]Texas Instruments. TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual. 2007,17.
[39]Texas Instruments. TLC320AIC23B, Digital Audio Products.2003, 1-2.
[40]Texas Instruments. Design of Active Noise control systems with the TMS320 family. 1996, 43.
[41]H. Janocha, B Liu. Simulation approach and causality evaluation for an active noise control system. IEE Proc-control theory[J], 1998, 145(4): 423-426.
[42]B.Widrow. Adaptive Filters. In Aspects of Network and System Theory. New York[J]: 1970, 20-23.
[43]沈福民.自适应信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2001, 48-70.
[44]S. R. Paulo. Adaptive Filtering Algorithms and practical Implementation[M]. London: 2004, 85-92.
[45]LiuBo, XiongJingqi. Single channel Active Noise Control based on s-genetic algorithm[C]. 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing Technology and Automation, Vol.1: 888-890.
[46]M. Jacqueline. Virtual sensors for active noise control: [Ph.D]. South Australia: The University of Adelaide, 2004.
[2]有源消声技术与应用述评[J].国防科技大学学报. 2001, 23(2): 119-124.
[3]杜功焕,朱哲,龚秀芳,声学基础[M].南京:南京大学出版社, 2001.31-42.
[4] Paul Leug. Process of Silencing Sound Oscillations. German Patent DRP, 1933, NO.655: 508.
[5] Paul Leug. Process of Silencing Sound Oscillations. US Patent, 1936, NO.2043: 416.
[6] H. F. Olson, Electronic control of noise[J], vibration and reverberation, Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 1956, 28:996-972.
[7] Nelson. The active minimization of harmonics enclosed sound fields[J]. JSV, 1987, 117(2):158-163.
[8] W. B. Eonover, Fighting noise with noise[J], noise control, 1956, 75-82.
[9] Chaplin, G.B.B. The cancellation of repetitive noise and vibration[J]. In Proceeding of inter-noise, 1980, 23(2):699-702.
[10]C. F. Ross, An algorithm for designing a broadband active sound control system, Journal of sound and Vibration[J], 1982, 80: 373-380.
[11]J. C. Burgress, Active Adaptive sound control in a duct: a computer simulation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America[J], 1981, 70(3): 715-726.
[12]杨楠,沙家正,吴启学.单指向性声源的空间有源消声[J].应用声学. 1992, 11(5): 14-19.
[13]马大猷.声学手册[M].北京:科学出版社, 1983, 23-25.
[14]马大猷.噪声控制学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1987: 34-35.
[15]陈可安,马远良.自适应有源消声与滤波—XLMS算法及实现[J].应用声学, 1992, 12(4): 27-33.
[16]李海英等.一种封闭空间自适应有源噪声控制系统优化方法[J],振动工程学报, 2001, 14(2): 34-36.
[17]王冲等.自适应空间有源消声最佳消声效果的实现[J].振动工程学报. 1994, 7(1): 56-57.
[18]费仁元,伊真善.管道有源消声控制技术的发展与动向[J].北京工业大学学报, 2003, 129(3): 65-69.
[19]伊真善,费仁元,周大森,刘太文.管道有源消声的机理研究与元器件发展评述[J].北京工业大学学报. 2003, 29(4): 47-50.
[20]吴斌,费仁元,周大森.管道噪声有源控制的声学特性研究I[J]理论分析.北京工业大学学报. 2003, 29(4): 36-38.
[21]吴斌,费仁元,周大森.管道噪声有源控制的声学特性研究II[J]实验部分.北京工业大学学报. 2003, 29(4): 39-42.
[22]赵秋玲,周雅莉,张奇志.管道噪声有源控制的模型研究[J].电声技术. 2004, 2: 56-58.
[23]冯涵,何培宇,高勇.一种基于TMS320VC5416DSK的有源噪声控制系统设计与实现[J],四川大学学报, 2008, 45(4): 842-846.
[24]胡涵.多通道自适应有源噪声控制快速算法研究: [硕士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学, 2007.
[25]刘学广.车内低频噪声多次级声源有源消声系统研究: [博士学位论文].长春:吉林大学, 2004.
[26]吴亚峰等.螺旋桨飞机舱内噪声的主动控制[J].声学技术, 2001, 20(1): 25-29.
[27]陈端石等.噪声主动控制研究的发展与动向[J].应用声学, 2001, 20(4): 1-5.
[28]刘恩泽,严济宽等.噪声主动控制系统研究概况及发展趋势[J].噪声与振动控制, 1999, (3): 2-6.
[29]徐永成等.有源消声技术与应用评述[J].国防科技大学学报, 2001, 23(2): 119-124.
[30]常振臣,王登峰等.车内噪声主动控制系统设计与试验研究[J],公路交通科技, 2003, 20(6): 150-153.
[31]杜功焕,朱哲,龚秀芳.声学基础[M].南京:南京大学出版社, 2001, 45-48.
[32]马大猷.声学手册[M].北京:科学出版社, 1983, 56-58.
[33]S. Yamaguchi, Y. Kato, K. Oimatsu, T. Saeki. A Psychological Evaluation Method for Fluctuating Random Noise Based on Fuzzy set theory. Applied acoustic[J], 1995, 45(2): 135-194.
[34]Texas Instruments, Design of Active Noise control systems with the TMS320 family[M], 1996.
[35]Olson. H. F. and E. G. May. Electronic Sound Absorber. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America[J], 1953, 25(6): 1130-1136.
[36]林涛.音箱漫谈扬声器参数释义[J].音响技术, 1995, (3): 17-18.
[37]赵洪亮,卜凡亮,黄鹤松,张仁彦. TMS320VC55x DSP应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2008,5-6.
[38]Texas Instruments. TMS320VC5509A Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual. 2007,17.
[39]Texas Instruments. TLC320AIC23B, Digital Audio Products.2003, 1-2.
[40]Texas Instruments. Design of Active Noise control systems with the TMS320 family. 1996, 43.
[41]H. Janocha, B Liu. Simulation approach and causality evaluation for an active noise control system. IEE Proc-control theory[J], 1998, 145(4): 423-426.
[42]B.Widrow. Adaptive Filters. In Aspects of Network and System Theory. New York[J]: 1970, 20-23.
[43]沈福民.自适应信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2001, 48-70.
[44]S. R. Paulo. Adaptive Filtering Algorithms and practical Implementation[M]. London: 2004, 85-92.
[45]LiuBo, XiongJingqi. Single channel Active Noise Control based on s-genetic algorithm[C]. 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing Technology and Automation, Vol.1: 888-890.
[46]M. Jacqueline. Virtual sensors for active noise control: [Ph.D]. South Australia: The University of Adelaide, 2004.