大型汽轮发电机定子绕组端部振动分析
|
摘要
在正常工作状态下,大型汽轮发电机定子绕组端部会受到电磁力的作用,其中对端部绕组起主要作用的是二倍工频(即100Hz)的电磁力。如果汽轮发电机定子绕组端部等构件的固有频率与这个电磁力的频率相同或者接近时,就会产生共振或较大幅度的振动,影响汽轮发电机的正常运行,甚至造成重大事故。
目前,汽轮发电机厂设计和维护人员用实验法来测试定子绕组端部的振动特性,但此法只能对生产后的成品进行检测,不能在产品生产前提供相关的特性。后来提出的锥壳－梁等效模型,经过复杂的动态设计优化,虽然可以从整体进行相关的等效,然而由于简化的细节过多,不能得出一些关键部位的受力分析情况。基于上述方法的局限性,本文的方法则从实际定子绕组三维模型入手,简化一些不太影响结果的细节,根据等效的原则,获得简化的有限元模型；利用结构的循环对称特性和矩阵的摄动方法,推导出多重循环结构的摄动法。根据现有的影响循环对称特性的非循环部件或者约束,选取适当的步骤,对循环结构逐步摄动求解,就可以在这一过程中判断模态的走向,识别并确定最后所得的感兴趣的模态,将分析结果与试验数据对比,设定可调节参数的合理值。以此为基础,进一步分析定子绕组端部在单相、双相以及三相短路时,受电磁力作用下各部件结构的动态响应,还可以根据需要分析某些部件约束处受力情况。如果相关部件有受力标准,对比标准,可以进一步改进定子绕组端部结果,这对汽轮发电机设计和维护有积极的参考作用。
Large turbo-generator's stator winding end will undergo electromagnetic force in the normal working status, among them the dominated force is correspond to double base frequency(100Hz). If the natural frequency of the stator winding end is the same as or near that of dominated electromagnetic force, then the stator winding end will result in resonance or large amplitude vibration and this will affect the normal operation of Large turbo-generator, even result in worse accident.
As for now, people are using test instrument to test vibration performance of stator winding ends, but this kind of method can only know the vibration performance after the production of stator winding ends. Later on, another method called shell-beam equivalent model is suggested, but we can't get enough results as we like because its equivalent is global. For these reasons, this article makes use of 3D model of stator winding ends, simplifies unnecessary details and finally creates the corresponding 2D finite modal; compare the model result with the test data, we then can get the proper parameters for the model; based on model and its parameters, we can get stator winding's dynamic response under electromagnetic force or even certain place's load conditions. If we know the criteria of load conditions, we then can further improve the result and make it more accurate. It will be surely a great reference to the design and maintenance of turbo-generator.
目前,汽轮发电机厂设计和维护人员用实验法来测试定子绕组端部的振动特性,但此法只能对生产后的成品进行检测,不能在产品生产前提供相关的特性。后来提出的锥壳－梁等效模型,经过复杂的动态设计优化,虽然可以从整体进行相关的等效,然而由于简化的细节过多,不能得出一些关键部位的受力分析情况。基于上述方法的局限性,本文的方法则从实际定子绕组三维模型入手,简化一些不太影响结果的细节,根据等效的原则,获得简化的有限元模型；利用结构的循环对称特性和矩阵的摄动方法,推导出多重循环结构的摄动法。根据现有的影响循环对称特性的非循环部件或者约束,选取适当的步骤,对循环结构逐步摄动求解,就可以在这一过程中判断模态的走向,识别并确定最后所得的感兴趣的模态,将分析结果与试验数据对比,设定可调节参数的合理值。以此为基础,进一步分析定子绕组端部在单相、双相以及三相短路时,受电磁力作用下各部件结构的动态响应,还可以根据需要分析某些部件约束处受力情况。如果相关部件有受力标准,对比标准,可以进一步改进定子绕组端部结果,这对汽轮发电机设计和维护有积极的参考作用。
Large turbo-generator's stator winding end will undergo electromagnetic force in the normal working status, among them the dominated force is correspond to double base frequency(100Hz). If the natural frequency of the stator winding end is the same as or near that of dominated electromagnetic force, then the stator winding end will result in resonance or large amplitude vibration and this will affect the normal operation of Large turbo-generator, even result in worse accident.
As for now, people are using test instrument to test vibration performance of stator winding ends, but this kind of method can only know the vibration performance after the production of stator winding ends. Later on, another method called shell-beam equivalent model is suggested, but we can't get enough results as we like because its equivalent is global. For these reasons, this article makes use of 3D model of stator winding ends, simplifies unnecessary details and finally creates the corresponding 2D finite modal; compare the model result with the test data, we then can get the proper parameters for the model; based on model and its parameters, we can get stator winding's dynamic response under electromagnetic force or even certain place's load conditions. If we know the criteria of load conditions, we then can further improve the result and make it more accurate. It will be surely a great reference to the design and maintenance of turbo-generator.
引文
[1]汪耕,李希明编著.大型汽轮发电机设计、制造与运行[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,1999.
[2]上海发电机设备成套设计研究所.中国电气工业发展史(发电、输配电、配电设备部分)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1990.
[3]汪耕,李希明.Main generator of Qinshan nuclear power plant: 310MW turbine generator-preliminary experience of manufacture and operation.西安第三届中国国际会议CICEM'99[C].西安,1999.
[4]中国电工技术学会.中国电工技术发展四十年[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1990.
[5]张道纲,曹广恩,朱松健.大功率汽轮发电机以及运行(上册)[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1986.
[6]王梅义.大电网系统技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1995.
[7]杜极生.轴系扭振振动的实验[M].南京：东南大学出版社,1994.
[8]汪耕,王作民,邵亚声等.汽轮发电机的振动问题(上)[J].振动与冲击,2000,18(4)：1-5.
[9]汪耕,王作民,邵亚声等.汽轮发电机的振动问题(下)[J].振动与冲击,2000,19(1)：15-18.
[10]罗剑斌,卢一兵,刘静宁等.一台进口350MW汽轮发电机振动分析及处理[J].热力透平,2002(3)：24-29.
[11]文联合,姚大坤,刘成.某电厂5号汽轮发电机振动、噪声试验及分析[J].上海大中型电机,2006(4)：26-28.
[12]乔俊伟,魏永梅,张雷等.基于二维全息谱的汽轮发电机的振动分析[J].机械设计与研究,2006,22(2)：95-97.
[13]胡宇达.大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组整体结构的电磁振动[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7)：93-98,116.
[14]KHAN G K. Force computation of stator winding end of turbo-generator[J]. Foreign Large Generator,1992 (1).
[15]ZHU J, WANG Y. Dynamic modeling of stator winding end baskets of large turbo-generator.Proceedings of 8th International Modal Analysis Conference[C].1990. Orlando,Florida.
[16]李方泽,姜尚崇,王正等.大型汽轮发电机定子“刚－柔”型端部绕组结构动态特性的实验分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1992,12(5)：16-25.
[17]SENSKE. Vibration form of stator end winding when electric fault occurs in turbo-generator[J]. Foreign Large Generator,1998 (2):25-33.
[18]吴文健,童小忠,张浩权.大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组的模态测试[J].浙江电力,2001(3)：1-3.
[19]王益轩,朱继梅.大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组的动态仿真模型[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(9)：217-221.
[20]GRADIAC M, VAUTRIN A. A new method for determination of bending rigidities of thin anisotronic plates[J]. Joournal of Applied Mechanics,1990 (57):964-968.
[21]DEOBALD L R, GIBSON R F. Determin of elastic constant of orthotropic plates by a modal analysis/Rayleigh-Ritz technique[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1988,124 (2): 269-283.
[22]邱家俊.电机的机电耦联与磁固耦合非线性振动研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5)：109-115.
[23]华北电力研究所.国产20万kW汽轮发电机多次事故的分析及防止[J].1990,23(8)：2-7.
[24]王文亮,张文,罗惟德等.结构动力学[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1993.
[25]RALEIGH L. Theory of Sound[M].2nd ed. [S.1.]:Macmillan,1984.
[26]FOX R L, KAPOOR M P. Rates of change of eigenvalues and eigenvectors[J]. AIAA Journal,1968,12 (6):2426-2429.
[27]ROGERS L C. Derivatives of eighenvalues and eigenvectors[J]. AIAA Journal, 1977,8(5):943-944.
[28]胡海昌.弹性力学变分原理及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1981.
[29]侯悦民,季林红,金德闻.结构局部刚度变化对小卫星特性影响[J].宇航学报,2003,24(6)：588-593.
[30]THILO P. Numerische losung groβer Lyapunov-Gleichungen[M]. Berlin: Logos-Verlag,1998.
[31]THILO P. Numerical solution of generalized Lyapunov equations[J]. Advances in
Computational Mathematics,1998,8 (1/2):33-48.
[32]索文旭.渐伸线条式线圈的计算与设计[J].防爆电机,2001,116(3)：20-22.
[33]胡建波,徐福娣.定子端部线圈的设计计算方法与三维模建模研究[J].上海大中型电机,2006(4).
[34]林清安.PRO/ENGINEER 2000i零件设计[M].北京：北京大学出版社.
[35]美国ANSYS公司北京办事处.ANSYS高级分析指南[M].北京,2000.
[36]王玉琴.如何在ANSYS中实现自定义梁截面[J].陕西工学院学报,2003,19(2)：68-70.
[37]陈塑寰.结构动态设计的矩阵理论[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
[38]蔡蔚,史乃.大型汽轮发电机定子槽内线棒电磁力的分析与计算[J].电机与控制学报,1986(03)：4-13.
[39]中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.大型汽轮发电机定子绕组端部动态特性的测量及评定DL/T 735-2000[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[40]李彦新.电磁力的作用和电磁转矩的产生[J].河北工业科技,2001(03)：13-15,29.
[2]上海发电机设备成套设计研究所.中国电气工业发展史(发电、输配电、配电设备部分)[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1990.
[3]汪耕,李希明.Main generator of Qinshan nuclear power plant: 310MW turbine generator-preliminary experience of manufacture and operation.西安第三届中国国际会议CICEM'99[C].西安,1999.
[4]中国电工技术学会.中国电工技术发展四十年[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1990.
[5]张道纲,曹广恩,朱松健.大功率汽轮发电机以及运行(上册)[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1986.
[6]王梅义.大电网系统技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,1995.
[7]杜极生.轴系扭振振动的实验[M].南京：东南大学出版社,1994.
[8]汪耕,王作民,邵亚声等.汽轮发电机的振动问题(上)[J].振动与冲击,2000,18(4)：1-5.
[9]汪耕,王作民,邵亚声等.汽轮发电机的振动问题(下)[J].振动与冲击,2000,19(1)：15-18.
[10]罗剑斌,卢一兵,刘静宁等.一台进口350MW汽轮发电机振动分析及处理[J].热力透平,2002(3)：24-29.
[11]文联合,姚大坤,刘成.某电厂5号汽轮发电机振动、噪声试验及分析[J].上海大中型电机,2006(4)：26-28.
[12]乔俊伟,魏永梅,张雷等.基于二维全息谱的汽轮发电机的振动分析[J].机械设计与研究,2006,22(2)：95-97.
[13]胡宇达.大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组整体结构的电磁振动[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(7)：93-98,116.
[14]KHAN G K. Force computation of stator winding end of turbo-generator[J]. Foreign Large Generator,1992 (1).
[15]ZHU J, WANG Y. Dynamic modeling of stator winding end baskets of large turbo-generator.Proceedings of 8th International Modal Analysis Conference[C].1990. Orlando,Florida.
[16]李方泽,姜尚崇,王正等.大型汽轮发电机定子“刚－柔”型端部绕组结构动态特性的实验分析[J].中国电机工程学报,1992,12(5)：16-25.
[17]SENSKE. Vibration form of stator end winding when electric fault occurs in turbo-generator[J]. Foreign Large Generator,1998 (2):25-33.
[18]吴文健,童小忠,张浩权.大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组的模态测试[J].浙江电力,2001(3)：1-3.
[19]王益轩,朱继梅.大型汽轮发电机定子端部绕组的动态仿真模型[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(9)：217-221.
[20]GRADIAC M, VAUTRIN A. A new method for determination of bending rigidities of thin anisotronic plates[J]. Joournal of Applied Mechanics,1990 (57):964-968.
[21]DEOBALD L R, GIBSON R F. Determin of elastic constant of orthotropic plates by a modal analysis/Rayleigh-Ritz technique[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1988,124 (2): 269-283.
[22]邱家俊.电机的机电耦联与磁固耦合非线性振动研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(5)：109-115.
[23]华北电力研究所.国产20万kW汽轮发电机多次事故的分析及防止[J].1990,23(8)：2-7.
[24]王文亮,张文,罗惟德等.结构动力学[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1993.
[25]RALEIGH L. Theory of Sound[M].2nd ed. [S.1.]:Macmillan,1984.
[26]FOX R L, KAPOOR M P. Rates of change of eigenvalues and eigenvectors[J]. AIAA Journal,1968,12 (6):2426-2429.
[27]ROGERS L C. Derivatives of eighenvalues and eigenvectors[J]. AIAA Journal, 1977,8(5):943-944.
[28]胡海昌.弹性力学变分原理及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1981.
[29]侯悦民,季林红,金德闻.结构局部刚度变化对小卫星特性影响[J].宇航学报,2003,24(6)：588-593.
[30]THILO P. Numerische losung groβer Lyapunov-Gleichungen[M]. Berlin: Logos-Verlag,1998.
[31]THILO P. Numerical solution of generalized Lyapunov equations[J]. Advances in
Computational Mathematics,1998,8 (1/2):33-48.
[32]索文旭.渐伸线条式线圈的计算与设计[J].防爆电机,2001,116(3)：20-22.
[33]胡建波,徐福娣.定子端部线圈的设计计算方法与三维模建模研究[J].上海大中型电机,2006(4).
[34]林清安.PRO/ENGINEER 2000i零件设计[M].北京：北京大学出版社.
[35]美国ANSYS公司北京办事处.ANSYS高级分析指南[M].北京,2000.
[36]王玉琴.如何在ANSYS中实现自定义梁截面[J].陕西工学院学报,2003,19(2)：68-70.
[37]陈塑寰.结构动态设计的矩阵理论[M].北京：科学出版社,1999.
[38]蔡蔚,史乃.大型汽轮发电机定子槽内线棒电磁力的分析与计算[J].电机与控制学报,1986(03)：4-13.
[39]中华人民共和国国家经济贸易委员会.大型汽轮发电机定子绕组端部动态特性的测量及评定DL/T 735-2000[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[40]李彦新.电磁力的作用和电磁转矩的产生[J].河北工业科技,2001(03)：13-15,29.