毫米波干涉仪信号处理研究
摘要
弹丸内弹道速度测量对武器系统的研制有着重要的指导意义,毫米波干涉仪利用多普勒效应,获取运动目标的瞬时频率,能够对弹丸膛内速度实现精确的测量。
传统的信号分析方法-傅立叶变换只能在时域或频域对信号进行分析,缺乏时频域联合分析的手段,无法对瞬时频率进行精确的计算分析。
时频分析方法是近年来信号处理研究的一个热点,为非平稳信号的分析提供了有力工具。这种分析方法提供了信号时间域与频率域的联合分布信息,因此可以清楚的描述信号频率随时间变化的关系。
介绍了时频分析理论的基本知识,给出了几种主要的时频分析方法:短时傅立叶变换,Wigner-Ville变换,连续小波变换以及希尔伯特黄变换,就各种时频分析方法在信号处理中的应用作了较深入的研究。
最后给出毫米波干涉仪测试系统的组成结构,基于希尔伯特黄变换和短时傅立叶变换,对毫米波干涉仪采集的实际信号进行了时频分析,实现了对弹丸内弹道速度的精确测量。
The measurement of the velocity of projectile in interior ballistics has an important guiding significance on the development of weapon system. The millimeter-wave interferometer can get the instantaneous frequency of moving target in use of doppler effect, and measure the velocity of projectile precisely.
Traditional signal analysis method-Fourier transform can only analyze the signal in time domain or frequency domain. Fourier transform lacks of the method of conjoint analysis from both time domain and frequency domain, can not compute instantaneous frequency of signal precisely.
Time-frequency analysis is a hot spot in area of signal processing in recent year. It is a powerful tool for analyzing non-stationary signal. This method provides conjoint distribution information in both time domain and frequency domain, so it can describe the relationship between time and frequency.
The paper introduces the knowledge of time-frequency analysis. Some detailed methods are introduced, such as Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT), Wigner-Ville Distribution(WVD),Wavelet Transform(WT) and Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT). These methods are deeply researched on the application of signal processing.
In the end, the millimeter-wave interferometer's composition structure is introduced. The actual signal acquired by interferometer is analyzed in use of time-frequency analysis based on STFT and HHT. The precise measurement of the velocity of projectile in interior ballistics is realized.
传统的信号分析方法-傅立叶变换只能在时域或频域对信号进行分析,缺乏时频域联合分析的手段,无法对瞬时频率进行精确的计算分析。
时频分析方法是近年来信号处理研究的一个热点,为非平稳信号的分析提供了有力工具。这种分析方法提供了信号时间域与频率域的联合分布信息,因此可以清楚的描述信号频率随时间变化的关系。
介绍了时频分析理论的基本知识,给出了几种主要的时频分析方法:短时傅立叶变换,Wigner-Ville变换,连续小波变换以及希尔伯特黄变换,就各种时频分析方法在信号处理中的应用作了较深入的研究。
最后给出毫米波干涉仪测试系统的组成结构,基于希尔伯特黄变换和短时傅立叶变换,对毫米波干涉仪采集的实际信号进行了时频分析,实现了对弹丸内弹道速度的精确测量。
The measurement of the velocity of projectile in interior ballistics has an important guiding significance on the development of weapon system. The millimeter-wave interferometer can get the instantaneous frequency of moving target in use of doppler effect, and measure the velocity of projectile precisely.
Traditional signal analysis method-Fourier transform can only analyze the signal in time domain or frequency domain. Fourier transform lacks of the method of conjoint analysis from both time domain and frequency domain, can not compute instantaneous frequency of signal precisely.
Time-frequency analysis is a hot spot in area of signal processing in recent year. It is a powerful tool for analyzing non-stationary signal. This method provides conjoint distribution information in both time domain and frequency domain, so it can describe the relationship between time and frequency.
The paper introduces the knowledge of time-frequency analysis. Some detailed methods are introduced, such as Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT), Wigner-Ville Distribution(WVD),Wavelet Transform(WT) and Hilbert-Huang Transform(HHT). These methods are deeply researched on the application of signal processing.
In the end, the millimeter-wave interferometer's composition structure is introduced. The actual signal acquired by interferometer is analyzed in use of time-frequency analysis based on STFT and HHT. The precise measurement of the velocity of projectile in interior ballistics is realized.
引文
[1]张贤达.现代信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[2]N.E.Huang,Zheng Shen,Steven R.Long.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spec for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.A.1998:903-995
[3]刘世平.弹丸速度测量与数据处理.北京:兵器工业出版社,1994
[4]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[5]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理.北京:国防工业出版社,1999
[6]胡广书.现代信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[7]卫俊平.时颇分析技术及应用(硕士论文).西安电子科技大学.2005
[8]L.科恩.时频分析:理论与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[9]葛哲学,陈仲生.Matlab时频分析技术及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[10]H.Choi,W.J.Williams.Improved time-frequency representation of multi-component signal using exponential kernels.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.1989,37(6):483-495
[11]王庚谊,王红波.基于弹丸自身的速度测量方法研究.弹箭与制导学报.2004,24(1):309-311
[12]Haykin.S.自适应滤波器原理.北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[13]唐向宏,李奇良.时频分析与小波变换.北京科学出版社.2008
[14]王红萍.非平稳信号时频分析方法性能研究(硕士论文)南京航空航天大学.2008
[15]王晓宇.时频分析在多普勒雷达多目标测量中的应用研究(硕士论文).哈尔滨工程大学.2005
[16]L.Cohen.Time-frequency distribution review.Proceedings of The IEEE.1989,77(7):941-981
[17]李舜酩,李香莲.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2008
[18]胡昌华,周涛等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—时频分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[19]刘明才.小波分析及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[20]Weifeng Mu,Amin M.G.SNR analysis of time-frequency distributions.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.2000,2:645-648
[21]张得丰.MATLAB小波分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[22]钟佑明,秦树人.Hilbert-Huang变换中的理论研究.振动与冲击.2002,21(4):14-17
[23]马玲,蔡征宇,程风雷,朱洪.毫米波测速雷达的测速原理 弹道学报.2003,15(4):87-91
[24]S.Barbarossa.Analysis of multi-component LFM signals by a combined Wigner Hough transform.IEEE Trans on SP.1995,43(6):1511-1515
[25]刘波,文忠,曾涯.MATLAB信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[26]B.Boashash.Estimation and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal.Alogrithms and applications Proceedings of The IEEE.1992,80(4):540-566
[27]彭启琮,邵怀宗,李明奇.信号分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[28]李琳.HHT时频分析方法的研究与应用(硕士论文).吉林大学.2006
[29]L.Stankovic.Analysis of noise in time-frequency distributions.IEEE Signal Process Letts.2002,9(9):286-289
[30]张善文,雷英杰,冯有前.MATLAB在时间序列分析中的应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[31]H.K.Kwok,D.L.Jones.Improved instantaneous frequency estimation using an adaptive short-time Fourier transforms.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.2000,48(10):2964-2972
[32]徐春光.非平稳信号的时频分析与处理方法研究(博士论文).西安电子科技大学.1999
[33]L.De.Luigi,E.Moreau.Wigner-Ville and polynomial Wigner-Ville Transforms in the estimation of nonlinear FM signal parameters.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech,and Signal Processing.2002,2:1433-1436
[34]钟莹,张国雄,张涛,冷长林.时频分析在激光多普勒信号处理中的应用.光学技术.2007,33(2):281-286
[35]王国庆.弹道靶尾迹微波扫频干涉仪诊断系统仿真(硕士论文).电子科技大学.2005
[36]刘庆云,李志舜,刘朝晖.时频分析技术及研究现状.计算机工程.2004,130(1):171-174
[37]李文彬.超高射频火炮点火控制装置设计及内弹道过程仿真(硕士论文).南京理工大学.2005
[38]Stefan Pittner,Kamarthi,Sagar V.Feature Extraction from Wavelets Coefficients for Pattern Recognition Tasks.IEEE Trans.On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.1999,21(1):83-88
[39]V.Katkovnik,L.Stankovic.Instantaneous frequency estimation using the Wigner distribution with varying and data-driven window length.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.2001,46(9):2315-2325
[40]杨定洲.基于小波变换的水下信号处理研究(硕士论文).西北工业大学.2005
[41]L.Stankovic.A time-frequency distribution concentrated along the instantaneous frequency.IEEE Signal Process Letts.1996,3(3):89-91
[42]B.Boashash,P.J.Black.An efficient real time implementation of the Wigner-Ville distribution.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.1987,35(11):1611-1618
[2]N.E.Huang,Zheng Shen,Steven R.Long.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spec for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis.Proc.R.Soc.Lond.A.1998:903-995
[3]刘世平.弹丸速度测量与数据处理.北京:兵器工业出版社,1994
[4]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
[5]张贤达,保铮.非平稳信号分析与处理.北京:国防工业出版社,1999
[6]胡广书.现代信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[7]卫俊平.时颇分析技术及应用(硕士论文).西安电子科技大学.2005
[8]L.科恩.时频分析:理论与应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998
[9]葛哲学,陈仲生.Matlab时频分析技术及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[10]H.Choi,W.J.Williams.Improved time-frequency representation of multi-component signal using exponential kernels.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.1989,37(6):483-495
[11]王庚谊,王红波.基于弹丸自身的速度测量方法研究.弹箭与制导学报.2004,24(1):309-311
[12]Haykin.S.自适应滤波器原理.北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[13]唐向宏,李奇良.时频分析与小波变换.北京科学出版社.2008
[14]王红萍.非平稳信号时频分析方法性能研究(硕士论文)南京航空航天大学.2008
[15]王晓宇.时频分析在多普勒雷达多目标测量中的应用研究(硕士论文).哈尔滨工程大学.2005
[16]L.Cohen.Time-frequency distribution review.Proceedings of The IEEE.1989,77(7):941-981
[17]李舜酩,李香莲.振动信号的现代分析技术与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2008
[18]胡昌华,周涛等.基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—时频分析.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[19]刘明才.小波分析及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[20]Weifeng Mu,Amin M.G.SNR analysis of time-frequency distributions.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.2000,2:645-648
[21]张得丰.MATLAB小波分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[22]钟佑明,秦树人.Hilbert-Huang变换中的理论研究.振动与冲击.2002,21(4):14-17
[23]马玲,蔡征宇,程风雷,朱洪.毫米波测速雷达的测速原理 弹道学报.2003,15(4):87-91
[24]S.Barbarossa.Analysis of multi-component LFM signals by a combined Wigner Hough transform.IEEE Trans on SP.1995,43(6):1511-1515
[25]刘波,文忠,曾涯.MATLAB信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[26]B.Boashash.Estimation and interpreting the instantaneous frequency of a signal.Alogrithms and applications Proceedings of The IEEE.1992,80(4):540-566
[27]彭启琮,邵怀宗,李明奇.信号分析.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[28]李琳.HHT时频分析方法的研究与应用(硕士论文).吉林大学.2006
[29]L.Stankovic.Analysis of noise in time-frequency distributions.IEEE Signal Process Letts.2002,9(9):286-289
[30]张善文,雷英杰,冯有前.MATLAB在时间序列分析中的应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[31]H.K.Kwok,D.L.Jones.Improved instantaneous frequency estimation using an adaptive short-time Fourier transforms.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.2000,48(10):2964-2972
[32]徐春光.非平稳信号的时频分析与处理方法研究(博士论文).西安电子科技大学.1999
[33]L.De.Luigi,E.Moreau.Wigner-Ville and polynomial Wigner-Ville Transforms in the estimation of nonlinear FM signal parameters.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech,and Signal Processing.2002,2:1433-1436
[34]钟莹,张国雄,张涛,冷长林.时频分析在激光多普勒信号处理中的应用.光学技术.2007,33(2):281-286
[35]王国庆.弹道靶尾迹微波扫频干涉仪诊断系统仿真(硕士论文).电子科技大学.2005
[36]刘庆云,李志舜,刘朝晖.时频分析技术及研究现状.计算机工程.2004,130(1):171-174
[37]李文彬.超高射频火炮点火控制装置设计及内弹道过程仿真(硕士论文).南京理工大学.2005
[38]Stefan Pittner,Kamarthi,Sagar V.Feature Extraction from Wavelets Coefficients for Pattern Recognition Tasks.IEEE Trans.On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.1999,21(1):83-88
[39]V.Katkovnik,L.Stankovic.Instantaneous frequency estimation using the Wigner distribution with varying and data-driven window length.IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing.2001,46(9):2315-2325
[40]杨定洲.基于小波变换的水下信号处理研究(硕士论文).西北工业大学.2005
[41]L.Stankovic.A time-frequency distribution concentrated along the instantaneous frequency.IEEE Signal Process Letts.1996,3(3):89-91
[42]B.Boashash,P.J.Black.An efficient real time implementation of the Wigner-Ville distribution.IEEE International Conference on Acoustics,Speech and Signal Processing.1987,35(11):1611-1618