摘要
地区分工与专业化发展能够提高生产效率,促进区域协调发展。目前,产业空间竞争越来越激烈,探讨区域间合作机制,促进产业空间组织优化成为区域发展的关键所在,因此,研究产业空间分工与地理集中成了地理学研究重点关注的领域。
在经济全球化的时代背景下,世界经济格局呈现出多极化的发展趋势,参与国际分工及保持地区竞争力成为各国产业发展的重要任务,各国均把大都市区或都市圈整合发展,以参与国际分工与竞争,提升区域竞争力。武汉城市圈是“中部崛起”战略的重要一环,研究武汉城市圈产业空间分工与地理集中格局,揭示武汉城市圈制造业地理集中状况,有助于明晰武汉城市圈城市分工与专业化优势,能够对武汉城市圈区域合作机制与产业梯度转移进行有效的空间指导。研究武汉城市圈制造业空间分工与地理集中对促进武汉城市圈制造业空间整合与结构调整,保障武汉城市圈经济快速协调发展,具有重大的现实意义。
本文采用构建武汉城市圈产业分工、地方专业化与地理集中等指数,并结合空间自相关分析,对武汉城市圈产业空间分工及地理集中格局进行分析,探讨产业特征、区域特性与产业地理集中格局的关系,讨论武汉城市圈产业合理重组与空间组织优化途径,为武汉城市圈产业结构调整及“两型社会”建设提供重要决策依据。
得出主要结论:(1)2000-2008年武汉城市圈地区专业化整水平逐渐提高。(2)武汉城市圈制造业地理集中度较高,2000-2008年制造业的增加值基尼系数均超过0.50,制造业增加值分布不均衡,制造业倾向于集中布局。(3)从制造业地理集中的产业特征和区域特征来看,2000-2008年武汉城市圈产业地理集中的时间变化趋势存在明显的产业差别。(4)从全局Moran's I指数来看,近十年来武汉城市圈县域工业增加值呈现明显的正相关关系,指数曲线且N型发展趋势。近十年来武汉城市圈县域工业增加值空间集聚格局发生着明显变动。
The regional labor division and specialization development can bring about production efficiency and promote regional coordinated development. Currently, increasingly fierce competition in the industrial space makes us to explore the mechanism of inter-regional cooperation, promote the organization of industrial space optimization, and become the key to regional development. Therefore, research on industrial space division and geographic concentration become a focus areas of geography research.
Under the background of economic globalization, the world economics pattern presents the trend of multipolarization development. Participation international labor division and maintain the local competitiveness come off the important task of industrial development for most countries, thus, conformity development of the metropolitan area or the metropolis circle can participate in the international labor division and the competition to promote the region competitiveness. The research on spatial labor division and geographical concentration of Wuhan urban agglomeration, which is the most important part of the "the rise of central China" strategy, can reveal geographic concentration of manufacturing industry of Wuhan urban circle, and be helpful to define superiority of division labor and specialization of Wuhan urban circle, which also can carries on region cooperation mechanism and industrial gradient shift effectively. It is of great practical significance to do Study of Wuhan city circle, as it can promote manufacturing space integration and structural adjustment and coordinated development to protect the economy of Wuhan city circle.
This article, using indexes of industrial labor division, regional specialization and geographical concentration of Wuhan city circle, combined with the spatial autocorrelation analysis, analyzes the labor division of industrial space and pattern of geographic concentration of Wuhan City Circle and explore the relationship among industry characteristics, regional properties of industry and pattern of geographical concentration as well as to discuss the optimize way of rational restructuring and spatial organization of the Wuhan city Circle,which can provides an important basis for decision making of adjustment of industrial structure for the Wuhan city Circle and " two type society " construction.
We draw the conclusions that:(1) Regional specialization level of Wuhan urban circle is gradually enhanced during2000-2008;(2) Geographical concentration of manufacturing industry of Wuhan urban circle is high, with the Gini coefficient of manufacturing added value surpassing0.50in2000-2008, While, the distribution of manufacturing added value is imbalanced, compared of the centralized layout of the manufacturing industry.(3) In the angle of industry property and the provincial characteristics, there exists an obvious industry difference in time variation tendency of geographic concentration of industries in2000-2008.(4) From the global Moran's I index, the industrial added value shows significant positive correlation, with n-type trends index curve in the recent ten years. That means virtually changes of spatial agglomeration pattern of Wuhan City circle in the scale of county during the last ten years.
引文
[1]梁琦.分工、集聚与增长[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[2]安虎森主编.空间经济学原理[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2005.
[3]藤田昌九,保罗·克鲁格曼,安东尼·J·维纳布尔斯著,梁琦主译.空间经济学——城市、区域与国际贸易[M].北京:中国人民出版社,2005.
[4]苗长虹,魏也华,吕拉昌.新经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[5]Baldwin R. Agglomeration and Endogenous Capital. European Economic Review, 1999,(43):253-280.
[6]Porter M. Location, competition, and economic development:local clusters in a global economic [J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2000,14 (1):15-34.
[7]Fujita M, Krugman P, Venables A J. The spatial economy:cities, regions and international trade [M]. Cambridge:The MIT Press,1999.
[8]Ellison QGlaeserE.Geographic concentration in us manufacturing industries:a dartboard approach[J].Journal of Political Economy,1997,105(5):889-927
[9]Devereux M P,Griffith R,Simpson H.The geographic distribution of production activity in the UK[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,2004,34(5):533-564.
[10]Maurel F,Sedillot B. A measure of the geographic concentration in French manufacturing industries[J]. Regional Science and Urban Economics,1999, 29(5):575-604.
[11]Alonso-Villar O,Chamorro-Rivas J,Gonzalez-Cerdeira X. Agglomeration economies in manufacturing industries:the case of Spain[J].Applied Economics,2004,36 (18):2103-2116.
[12]Dumais G,Ellison G,Glaeser E.Geographic concentration as a dynamic process [J].The Review of Economics and Statistics,2002,84(2):193-204.
[13]Kim S.Expansion of markets and the geographic distribution of economic activities: the trends in US regional manufacturing structure,1860-1987.Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,(110):881-908.
[14]Fan C C.and Scott A J. Industrial agglomeration and development:a survey of spatial economic issues in East Asia and a statistical analysis of Chinese regions. Economic Geography,2003,(79):295-319.
[15]Wen M. Relocation and agglomeration of Chinese industry. Journal of Development Economics,2004,(73):329-347.
[16]贺灿飞,朱彦刚,朱晟君.产业特性、区域特征与中国制造业省区集聚[J].地理学 报,2010,65(10):1218-1228.
[17]贺灿飞,潘峰华,孙蕾.中国制造业的地理集聚与形成机制[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1253-1264.
[18]贺灿飞,潘峰华.中国制造业地理集聚的成因与趋势[J].南方经济,2011,(6):38-52.
[19]贺灿飞,谢秀珍.中国制造业地理集中与省区专业化[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):212-222.
[20]贺灿飞,刘作丽,王亮.经济转型与中国省区产业结构趋同研究[J].地理学报,2008,63(8):807-819.
[21]贺灿飞,朱彦刚.中国资源密集型产业地理分布研究:以石油加工业和黑色金属产业为例[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(3):488-500.
[22]贺灿飞,谢秀珍,潘峰华.中国制造业省区分布及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2008,27(3):623-635.
[23]魏后凯.中国制造业集中与利润率的关系[J].财经问题研究,2003,(6):21-27.
[24]王业强,魏后凯.产业地理集中的时空特征分析——以中国28个两位数制造业为例[J].统计研究,2006,(6):28-33.
[25]魏后凯.中国制造业集中与市场结构分析[J].管理世界,2002,(4):63-71.
[26]王德利,方创琳.中国跨区域产业分工与联动特征[J].地理研究,2010,29(8):1392-1406.
[27]罗勇,曹丽莉.中国制造业集聚程度变动趋势实证研究[J].经济研究,2005(8):106-127.
[28]殷醒民.论中国制造业的产业集中和资源配置效益[J].经济研究,1996,(1):11-21.
[29]陈良文,杨开忠.产业集聚、市场结构与生产率——基于中国省份制造业面板数据的实证研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(3):325-330.
[30]吴三忙,李善同.市场一体化、产业地理集聚与地区专业化分工演变——基于中国两位码制造业数据的实证分析[J].产业经济研究,2010,(6):7-16.
[31]路江涌,陶志刚.中国制造业区域聚集及国际比较[J].经济研究2006(3):103-114.
[32]路江涌,陶志刚.我国制造业区域集聚程度决定因素的研究[J].经济学(季刊),2007,6(3):801-816.
[33]范剑勇.市场一体化、地区专业化与产业集聚趋势:兼谈地区差距的影响[J].中国社会科学,2004(6):39-51.
[34]张同升,梁进社,宋金平.中国制造业省区间分布的集中与分散研究[J].经济地理,2005,25(3):315-319.
[35]李学鑫,苗长虹.城市群产业结构与分工的测度研究——以中原城市群为例[J].人文地理,2006,(4):25-28.
[36]余斌,揭毅,罗静,朱丽霞,曾菊新.武汉城市圈产业发展的生态转型与空间优化[J].地理研究,2010,29(2):313-326.
[37]余斌,冯娟,曾菊新.产业集群网络与武汉城市圈产业发展的空间组织[J].经济地理,2007,27(3):427-432.
[38]曾光,李菲.武汉城市圈制造业集聚的实证研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(11):1236-1241.
[39]方创琳,蔺雪芹.武汉城市群的空间整合与产业合理化组织[J].地理研究,2008,27(2):397-408.
[40]刘承良,田颖.武汉城市圈产业结构分析与重组[J].地域研究与开发,2008,27(5):23-29.
[41]贺灿飞,潘峰华.产业地理集中、产业集聚与产业集群:测量与辨识[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2):1-13.
[42]刘春霞.产业地理集中度测度方法研究[J].经济地理,2006,26(5):742-747.
[43]乔彬,李国平,杨妮妮.产业聚集测度方法的演变和新发展[J].数量经济技术经济,2007,(4):124-133.
[44]樊福卓.地区专业化的度量[J].经济研究,2007,(9):71-83.
[45]赵果庆,罗宏翔.中国制造业集聚:度量与显著性检验——基于集聚测量新方法[J].统计研究,2009,26(3):64-69.
[46][德]约翰·冯·杜能著,吴衡康泽.孤立国同农业和国民经济的关系[M].北京:商务印书馆,1986.
[47][德]阿尔弗雷德·韦伯著,李刚剑等译.工业区位论[M].北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[48][德]沃尔特·克利斯泰勒著,常正文等译.德国南部中心地原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010.
[49][德]奥古斯特·勒施著,王守礼译.经济空间秩序[M].北京:商务印书馆,2010.
[50]T.HAGERSTRAND.Innovation diffusion as a space process [M].Chicago U.P, 1953.
[51][英]A.G威尔逊著,蔡运龙译.地理学与环境[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[52][美]瓦尔特·艾萨德著,陈宗兴等泽.区域科学导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991.
[53][美]胡佛著,王翼龙泽.区域经济学导论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[54]Amin A. An institutionalist perspective on regional economic development[J]. Inter national Journal of Urban and Regional Studies,1999, (2):365-378.
[55]Scott A J. New industrial spaces:flexible production organization and regional development in North American and Western Europe[M]. London:Pion,1988.
[56]Stoper M. The regional world:territorial development in a global economy [M] New York:The Guilford Press,1997.
[57]Morgan K. The learning region:institutions, innovation and regional renewal [J]. Regional Studies,1997,31(5):491-503.
[58]Cooke P. Regional innovation systems:an evaluation of six European cases[A] Getimis P. and Kafkalas G.(eds.)Urban and regional development in the New Europe[C].Topos, Athens,1993:133-154.
[59]亚当·斯密.国富论(中译本):上册[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1999.
[60][英]大卫·李嘉图著,周洁译.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].北京:华夏出版社,2005.
[61]伯特尔·俄林著,逯宇铎等译.区际贸易与国际贸易[M].北京:华夏出版社,2008.
[62]杨小凯,黄有光.专业化与经济组织[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1999.
[63][美]阿林·杨格著,贾根良译.报酬递增与经济进步[J].经济社会体制比较,1996,(2):52-57.
[64]Krugman P. Increasing returns and economic geography[J].Journal of Political Geography.1991, (99):183-199.
[65]列斐伏尔,王志弘译.现代性与空间的生产[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2003.
[66]Haggett P. Location Analysis in Human Geography [M]. London:Edward Arnold Ltd,1965.
[67]Krugman P R. Geography and trade [M]. Cambridge, USA:MIT Press,1991.
[68]文玫.中国工业在区域上的重新定位和聚集[J].经济研究,2004,(2):84-94.
[69]W. R. Tobler. A Computer Movie Simulating Urban Growth in the Detroit Region[J]. Economic Geography,1970,46(3):234-240.
[70]葛莹,姚士谋,蒲英霞,等.运用空间自相关分析集聚经济类型的地理格局[J].人文地理,2005,(3):21-25.
[71]Anselill L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1995,27(2):93-115.
[72]Bao S,Henry M S,Barkley D. RAS:a regional analysis system integrated with Arc/Info[J]. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,1995,19(1):37-56.
[73]樊新生,李小建.基于县域尺度的经济增长空间自相关性研究——以河南省为例[J].经济经纬,2005,(3):57-60.