重型车辆与刚性路面结构的动力相互作用理论分析和试验研究
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摘要
随着交通运输业的迅速发展和汽车工业的更新换代，作为基础设施的高速公
路路面承载能力越来越难以满足使用要求，现行路面设计规范由于对车辆荷载采
用过于简化的假设，导致无法正确反映路面受力和变形性状。本文试图从研究车
辆动力荷载开始，对重型车辆与刚性路面结构的动力相互作用进行较为深入的理
论分析和试验研究。
1、 采用四分之一车辆模型，将车轮承重体系视为具有质量、刚度和阻尼的
单自由度系统，考虑车辆的竖向振动，对路面不平整引起的车辆动力轮载的大小
和分布进行了数值计算，分析了车辆轮重、行车速度、路面平整度、车轮承重体
系刚度和阻尼等因素对车辆动力轮载的大小和分布的影响。
2、 建立了重型车辆与刚性路面结构动力相互作用模型，并应用积分变换法
和有限单元法进行求解，分别得到了移动荷载作用下粘弹性Vlasov路基上刚性
路面板动挠度的精确解和刚性路面板动力反应的数值解。
3、 应用有限单元法进行了重型车辆与刚性路面结构的动力相互作用仿真分
析，采用拟时间法将时间变量用位置变量替代，解决了模拟车辆移动的问题，并
采用Newmark-β法求解，得到了(?)刚性路面板的动挠度、动应变等动
力反应量值。
4、 利用美国明尼苏达州Mn/ROAD试验设施进行了刚性路面动力反应的试
验研究。选择了三个刚性路面研究断面，通过采集两种重量的卡车以不同速度通
过时，刚性路面板不同位置和不同深度部位处动应变计、缩缝传力杆钢筋应变计
的应变时域变化曲线和路基顶面动土压力计的土压力时域变化曲线，获得了刚性
路面板顶面和底面的纵向和横向动应变特征、缩缝传力杆动应变特征和路基顶面
动土压力特征以及影响刚性路面板动应变特征的参数等测试数据，为本文的分析
研究提供了重要的基础。
5、 通过输入Mn/ROAD试验条件参数，采用自编程序进行计算，计算结果
与试验结果吻合良好，从而对本文提出的计算方法进行了验证。采用数值分析方
法研究了车辆轴重、行车速度、路面厚度、路基刚度等因素对刚性路面板动挠度
和动应变的影响。
With the development of traffic and the replacement of vehicle, the bearing capacity of the expressway pavement refer as infrastructure is becoming difficult to satisfy the service demand, and the current pavement design standard is unable to describe the behavior of pavement stress and deformation correctly due to oversimplified assumption. Begin with the research of vehicle dynamic loading, a profound research of the dynamic interaction between heavy-vehicle and rigid pavement is intended to conduct through theory analysis and trial research in this paper.1. A numerical computation of vehicle dynamic wheel loading due to roughness of pavement is conducted using one-quarter vehicle model, which regard the suspension system as one degree of freedom with mass, stiffness and damping, and consider the vertical vibration of vehicle. The effect of vehicle wheel weight, moving velocity, roughness of pavement, stiffness and damping of the suspension system on the vehicle dynamic wheel loading is studied.2. A model based on the dynamic interaction between heavy-vehicle and rigid pavement is established. The exact solution of the dynamic deformation and the numerical solution of the dynamic response in pavement slab suspended on the cohesive-elastic VLASOV modeled subgrade is derived from the integral-transforms method and the finite element method respectively when moving loading is subjected .3. The pseudo-time method is used to substitute the variable time with the variable position in the emulation analysis of the dynamic interaction between heavy-vehicle and rigid pavement based on the finite element method, which solve the problem of the moving vehicle model. The dynamic response involved dynamic deformation and the dynamic strain is derived using the Newmark- β method when subjected to moving vehicle loading.4. The trial research of rigid pavement dynamic response is conducted in the Mn/ROAD facility sited in the Minnesota of the United State. The study of the longitudinal and traverse dynamic strain at the upper and bottom of slab, and the dynamic strain in dowel bar, and the dynamic soil pressure at the upper subgrade , in addition to the influences is conducted through choosing three research section and
collecting the time-dependent curve of the dynamic strain in the different position and depth of rigid pavement slab and soil pressure at the upper subgrade when the Mn/ROAD truck with two kinds of weight is passing with different velocity.5. The verification of the suggested method in this paper is conducted through comparing the computed solution with the trial data when input the parameter of the Mn/ROAD test into the self-compiled program. Furthermore, the numerical analysis of the effect of some factor, such as vehicle axle weight, moving velocity, pavement thickness, and subgrade stiffness on the dynamic deformation and the dynamic strain in rigid pavement slab through changing the computation parameter.
路路面承载能力越来越难以满足使用要求，现行路面设计规范由于对车辆荷载采
用过于简化的假设，导致无法正确反映路面受力和变形性状。本文试图从研究车
辆动力荷载开始，对重型车辆与刚性路面结构的动力相互作用进行较为深入的理
论分析和试验研究。
1、 采用四分之一车辆模型，将车轮承重体系视为具有质量、刚度和阻尼的
单自由度系统，考虑车辆的竖向振动，对路面不平整引起的车辆动力轮载的大小
和分布进行了数值计算，分析了车辆轮重、行车速度、路面平整度、车轮承重体
系刚度和阻尼等因素对车辆动力轮载的大小和分布的影响。
2、 建立了重型车辆与刚性路面结构动力相互作用模型，并应用积分变换法
和有限单元法进行求解，分别得到了移动荷载作用下粘弹性Vlasov路基上刚性
路面板动挠度的精确解和刚性路面板动力反应的数值解。
3、 应用有限单元法进行了重型车辆与刚性路面结构的动力相互作用仿真分
析，采用拟时间法将时间变量用位置变量替代，解决了模拟车辆移动的问题，并
采用Newmark-β法求解，得到了(?)刚性路面板的动挠度、动应变等动
力反应量值。
4、 利用美国明尼苏达州Mn/ROAD试验设施进行了刚性路面动力反应的试
验研究。选择了三个刚性路面研究断面，通过采集两种重量的卡车以不同速度通
过时，刚性路面板不同位置和不同深度部位处动应变计、缩缝传力杆钢筋应变计
的应变时域变化曲线和路基顶面动土压力计的土压力时域变化曲线，获得了刚性
路面板顶面和底面的纵向和横向动应变特征、缩缝传力杆动应变特征和路基顶面
动土压力特征以及影响刚性路面板动应变特征的参数等测试数据，为本文的分析
研究提供了重要的基础。
5、 通过输入Mn/ROAD试验条件参数，采用自编程序进行计算，计算结果
与试验结果吻合良好，从而对本文提出的计算方法进行了验证。采用数值分析方
法研究了车辆轴重、行车速度、路面厚度、路基刚度等因素对刚性路面板动挠度
和动应变的影响。
With the development of traffic and the replacement of vehicle, the bearing capacity of the expressway pavement refer as infrastructure is becoming difficult to satisfy the service demand, and the current pavement design standard is unable to describe the behavior of pavement stress and deformation correctly due to oversimplified assumption. Begin with the research of vehicle dynamic loading, a profound research of the dynamic interaction between heavy-vehicle and rigid pavement is intended to conduct through theory analysis and trial research in this paper.1. A numerical computation of vehicle dynamic wheel loading due to roughness of pavement is conducted using one-quarter vehicle model, which regard the suspension system as one degree of freedom with mass, stiffness and damping, and consider the vertical vibration of vehicle. The effect of vehicle wheel weight, moving velocity, roughness of pavement, stiffness and damping of the suspension system on the vehicle dynamic wheel loading is studied.2. A model based on the dynamic interaction between heavy-vehicle and rigid pavement is established. The exact solution of the dynamic deformation and the numerical solution of the dynamic response in pavement slab suspended on the cohesive-elastic VLASOV modeled subgrade is derived from the integral-transforms method and the finite element method respectively when moving loading is subjected .3. The pseudo-time method is used to substitute the variable time with the variable position in the emulation analysis of the dynamic interaction between heavy-vehicle and rigid pavement based on the finite element method, which solve the problem of the moving vehicle model. The dynamic response involved dynamic deformation and the dynamic strain is derived using the Newmark- β method when subjected to moving vehicle loading.4. The trial research of rigid pavement dynamic response is conducted in the Mn/ROAD facility sited in the Minnesota of the United State. The study of the longitudinal and traverse dynamic strain at the upper and bottom of slab, and the dynamic strain in dowel bar, and the dynamic soil pressure at the upper subgrade , in addition to the influences is conducted through choosing three research section and
collecting the time-dependent curve of the dynamic strain in the different position and depth of rigid pavement slab and soil pressure at the upper subgrade when the Mn/ROAD truck with two kinds of weight is passing with different velocity.5. The verification of the suggested method in this paper is conducted through comparing the computed solution with the trial data when input the parameter of the Mn/ROAD test into the self-compiled program. Furthermore, the numerical analysis of the effect of some factor, such as vehicle axle weight, moving velocity, pavement thickness, and subgrade stiffness on the dynamic deformation and the dynamic strain in rigid pavement slab through changing the computation parameter.
引文
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