蒸汽在油藏多孔介质中的热质传递机理及数值模拟
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摘要
我国石油开采基本特点是,主力油田进入开发中后期,油田综合含水率上升,成本增高,效益下降,增产难度大。我国已进入以提高原油采收率(Enhanced Oil Recovery简称EOR)为主的三次采油阶段,提高采收率技术将发挥越来越重要的作用。发展注蒸汽采油技术是提高采收率的有效手段,但此项技术能耗高,受生产成本制约大。因此,开展蒸汽在油藏多孔介质中的热质传递机理研究及数值模拟将对油田制定科学开采方案、提高油藏开采效果、降低开采成本提供理论及技术支持。
本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(编号:50776014),开展针对蒸汽在油藏多孔介质中的传热传质机理研究,对蒸汽在油藏多孔介质中的传热过程做了详细探讨,并对蒸汽驱采油过程进行了定性和定量分析,探讨了影响油藏多孔介质热质传递的诸参数及其函数关系,建立了油藏多孔介质热质传递的耦合数学模型。在建模过程中,首次提出了油藏热质过程分析的“黑箱分析模型”和“白箱分析模型”,并指出储层温度场数学模型方程式应称为热平衡方程,而不是普遍意义上的能量守恒方程。应用油藏热采数值模拟软件模拟蒸汽驱油过程,通过方案对比得出不同孔隙度对温度的影响,对模拟输出结果进行分析,得到蒸汽凝结区域和蒸汽凝结前缘位置的判定方法。首次对指进现象进行了分类,提出了热-粘性指进的概念,总结出稠油油藏温度对指进现象的影响规律。本文的工作将为油藏三次采油提高采收率技术提供理论依据及技术支持。
The basic characteristics of Chinese petroleum exploration are: the major oilfields enter into the afternoon of development life; the total water cut of oilfields raises up; oil production cost rises; oilfield economic benefits decrease; increase production of oilfields is difficult. China comes into the tertiary oil recovery, which is mainly for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and enhanced oil recovery technology will play a more and more important role in the future. Steam injection technology is an effective method for EOR. But it has high energy consumption and big production cost. For all these reason, the study on heat and mass transfer mechanism and numerical simulation of steam in reservoir porous media can provide theoretical basis and technical support for designing development plan, improving reservoir production effect, and reducing production cut.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50776014), this paper studies on heat and mass transfer mechanism of steam in reservoir porous media, discusses in detail heat transfer process of steam in reservoir porous media, makes quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis on steam flooding process, discusses various parameters and their functional relationship which influence on heat and mass transfer process of reservoir porous media, builds coupled mathematical models for heat and mass transfer in reservoir porous media. When we build models,“black box model”and“white box model”are first proposed in heat and mass process analysis of reservoir porous media. We also point out that the equations of mathematical model of reservoir temperature field are thermal energy balance equations, and should not be called energy conservation equations in general. Steam flooding process has been simulated by CMG-STARS software. And the influence of varied porosity on temperature is derived through scheme comparison. Then the judgement methods for determining position of vapor condense region and vapor condense frontier has been obtained via analysis on simulation results. Fingering phenomenons are classified for the first time, the concept of thermo-viscous fingering is proposed, the influence rules of temperature on fingering for heavy oil reservoir are summarized. Our work will give theoretical basis and technical support for enhanced oil recovery technology.
本文结合国家自然科学基金项目(编号:50776014),开展针对蒸汽在油藏多孔介质中的传热传质机理研究,对蒸汽在油藏多孔介质中的传热过程做了详细探讨,并对蒸汽驱采油过程进行了定性和定量分析,探讨了影响油藏多孔介质热质传递的诸参数及其函数关系,建立了油藏多孔介质热质传递的耦合数学模型。在建模过程中,首次提出了油藏热质过程分析的“黑箱分析模型”和“白箱分析模型”,并指出储层温度场数学模型方程式应称为热平衡方程,而不是普遍意义上的能量守恒方程。应用油藏热采数值模拟软件模拟蒸汽驱油过程,通过方案对比得出不同孔隙度对温度的影响,对模拟输出结果进行分析,得到蒸汽凝结区域和蒸汽凝结前缘位置的判定方法。首次对指进现象进行了分类,提出了热-粘性指进的概念,总结出稠油油藏温度对指进现象的影响规律。本文的工作将为油藏三次采油提高采收率技术提供理论依据及技术支持。
The basic characteristics of Chinese petroleum exploration are: the major oilfields enter into the afternoon of development life; the total water cut of oilfields raises up; oil production cost rises; oilfield economic benefits decrease; increase production of oilfields is difficult. China comes into the tertiary oil recovery, which is mainly for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and enhanced oil recovery technology will play a more and more important role in the future. Steam injection technology is an effective method for EOR. But it has high energy consumption and big production cost. For all these reason, the study on heat and mass transfer mechanism and numerical simulation of steam in reservoir porous media can provide theoretical basis and technical support for designing development plan, improving reservoir production effect, and reducing production cut.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50776014), this paper studies on heat and mass transfer mechanism of steam in reservoir porous media, discusses in detail heat transfer process of steam in reservoir porous media, makes quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis on steam flooding process, discusses various parameters and their functional relationship which influence on heat and mass transfer process of reservoir porous media, builds coupled mathematical models for heat and mass transfer in reservoir porous media. When we build models,“black box model”and“white box model”are first proposed in heat and mass process analysis of reservoir porous media. We also point out that the equations of mathematical model of reservoir temperature field are thermal energy balance equations, and should not be called energy conservation equations in general. Steam flooding process has been simulated by CMG-STARS software. And the influence of varied porosity on temperature is derived through scheme comparison. Then the judgement methods for determining position of vapor condense region and vapor condense frontier has been obtained via analysis on simulation results. Fingering phenomenons are classified for the first time, the concept of thermo-viscous fingering is proposed, the influence rules of temperature on fingering for heavy oil reservoir are summarized. Our work will give theoretical basis and technical support for enhanced oil recovery technology.
引文
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