射击运动员消化系统躯体化症状与比赛成绩的关系
摘要
目的研究在应激状态下优秀射击运动员产生的消化系统躯体化症状(以下简称消化症状)与其比赛成绩的关系,并进一步探讨消化症状产生的相关因素,以及消化症状与认知加工过程及生理反应的相关性,为了解运动员赛前状态提供依据,确保其在比赛中的正常发挥。方法以上海市射击射箭中心一线优秀射击运动员为研究对象,通过一般资料收集、量表施测、事件相关电位及生物反馈测试,获取运动员的人口学资料；消化系统躯体化症状(包括嗳气、反酸、恶心、呕吐、食欲不振、胃痛、腹泻、便秘)；射击成绩(包括平时成绩、比赛成绩)；情绪(包括焦虑、抑郁)；人格；认知指标(包括反应时、正确率、P3波幅、P3潜伏期)；生理指标(包括皮温、皮电、心率)等数据,根据个体消化症状的数量将运动员分为7组,采用单因素方差分析、χ2检验、多元线性回归等统计学分析方法,探索：①运动员消化症状与比赛成绩的关系；②运动员消化症状的相关因素；③运动员消化症状与认知加工过程及生理反应的相关性。结果①比赛成绩在分组间的差异有统计学意义(F=7.993,P=0.000),逐步回归分析结果显示“恶心”、“呕吐”为比赛成绩的主要相关因素(P分别为0.019和0.023)；②各组间的人口学数据无统计学差异；分组间状态焦虑(F=21.914,P=0.000)及特质焦虑(F=10.652,P=0.000)均存在显著差异,逐步回归分析结果显示“反酸”(P=0.002)、“恶心”(P=0.014)、“呕吐”(P=0.002)、“腹泻”(P=0.009)、“便秘”(P=0.028)为状态特质的主要相关因素,“反酸”(P=0.023)、“恶心”(P=0.003)、“呕吐”(P=0.002)为特质焦虑的主要相关因素；分组间在艾森克人格问卷神经质维度上差异有统计学意义(F=2.941,P=0.049)；③分组间反应时、正确率、P3潜伏期、皮温、皮电、心率差异均无统计学意义,分组间应激与基线的P3波幅差值存在显著性差异(F=3.008,P=0.042)。结论应激状态下优秀射击运动员消化症状与其比赛成绩具有相关性,消化症状与状态焦虑、特质焦虑、神经质相关,并会对运动员认知加工过程中注意力产生影响；提示优秀射击运动员个体消化症状的数量及种类可以作为了解运动员赛前心理状态的参考,初步筛查赛前心理状态不稳定的运动员。
Objective Explore the relationship between somatization symptoms in digestive system (digestive symptoms) of excellent shooters and athletic performance, further explore the related factors of digestive symptoms and the relationship between digestive symptoms and indicators of cognitive processing or physiology. For the purpose of provide a reference to understand psychological state of the athletes before competition to ensure the athletes' performance in the competition. Methods Select the best shooters in first-line of Shanghai shooting training center as the research object, through the general data collection, questionnaires, event-related potential and bio-feedback testing, get data of the demographic information; digestive symptoms (including belching, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, inappetence, stomach-ache, diarrhea, constipation); shooting result (including normal results, race results); emotions(including anxiety, depression); personality; cognitive indicators (including reaction time, correct rate, P3 amplitude, P3 latency); physiological indicators (including skin temperature, skin conductance, heart rate). Divided the athletes into seven groups according to the number of individual digestive symptoms, using one-way anova, chi-square test, multiple linear regression analysis, to explore:①Study the relationship between digestive symptoms in excellent shooters and athletic performance.(2)Explore the factors associated with digestive symptoms in shooters.③Explore the impaction of digestive symptoms on cognitive processing and physiological reaction. Results①There are statistical significance (F=7.993, P=0.000) of athletic performance between the groups which divided by the number of digestive symptoms, stepwise regression analysis shows that nausea, vomiting are the main factors of athletic performance.②No statistical significance in demographic data between the groups; There are statistical significance both of state anxiety (F=21.914, P=0.000) and trait anxiety (F=10.652, P=0.000) between the groups, stepwise regression analysis shows that acid reflux(P=0.002), nausea(P=0.014), vomiting(P=0.002), diarrhea(P=0.009), constipation(P=0.028) are the main factors of state anxiety while acid reflux(P=0.023), nausea(P=0.003), vomiting(P=0.002) as the main factors of trait anxiety; There are no statistical significance of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire neuroticism dimension between the groups(F=2.941, P=0.049);③There are no statistical significance of reaction time, accuracy, P3 latency, skin temperature, skin conductance, heart rate between the groups; Between the groups there are statistical significance of P3 amplitude difference between the stress status and daily status(.F=3.008, P=0.042). Conclusion Digestive symptoms of good shooters have an influence on their athletic performance under the stress state. State anxiety, trait anxiety, neuroticism are associated with the digestive symptoms. And the digestive symptoms have influence on cognitive processing; The results prompt that the number and types of individual digestive symptoms in excellent shooters can be as a reference to the athletes' pre-competition mental state, initial screening the unstable mental state of shooters.
Objective Explore the relationship between somatization symptoms in digestive system (digestive symptoms) of excellent shooters and athletic performance, further explore the related factors of digestive symptoms and the relationship between digestive symptoms and indicators of cognitive processing or physiology. For the purpose of provide a reference to understand psychological state of the athletes before competition to ensure the athletes' performance in the competition. Methods Select the best shooters in first-line of Shanghai shooting training center as the research object, through the general data collection, questionnaires, event-related potential and bio-feedback testing, get data of the demographic information; digestive symptoms (including belching, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, inappetence, stomach-ache, diarrhea, constipation); shooting result (including normal results, race results); emotions(including anxiety, depression); personality; cognitive indicators (including reaction time, correct rate, P3 amplitude, P3 latency); physiological indicators (including skin temperature, skin conductance, heart rate). Divided the athletes into seven groups according to the number of individual digestive symptoms, using one-way anova, chi-square test, multiple linear regression analysis, to explore:①Study the relationship between digestive symptoms in excellent shooters and athletic performance.(2)Explore the factors associated with digestive symptoms in shooters.③Explore the impaction of digestive symptoms on cognitive processing and physiological reaction. Results①There are statistical significance (F=7.993, P=0.000) of athletic performance between the groups which divided by the number of digestive symptoms, stepwise regression analysis shows that nausea, vomiting are the main factors of athletic performance.②No statistical significance in demographic data between the groups; There are statistical significance both of state anxiety (F=21.914, P=0.000) and trait anxiety (F=10.652, P=0.000) between the groups, stepwise regression analysis shows that acid reflux(P=0.002), nausea(P=0.014), vomiting(P=0.002), diarrhea(P=0.009), constipation(P=0.028) are the main factors of state anxiety while acid reflux(P=0.023), nausea(P=0.003), vomiting(P=0.002) as the main factors of trait anxiety; There are no statistical significance of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire neuroticism dimension between the groups(F=2.941, P=0.049);③There are no statistical significance of reaction time, accuracy, P3 latency, skin temperature, skin conductance, heart rate between the groups; Between the groups there are statistical significance of P3 amplitude difference between the stress status and daily status(.F=3.008, P=0.042). Conclusion Digestive symptoms of good shooters have an influence on their athletic performance under the stress state. State anxiety, trait anxiety, neuroticism are associated with the digestive symptoms. And the digestive symptoms have influence on cognitive processing; The results prompt that the number and types of individual digestive symptoms in excellent shooters can be as a reference to the athletes' pre-competition mental state, initial screening the unstable mental state of shooters.
引文
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