平流层CDMA移动通信蜂窝网的性能研究
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摘要
作为一种新型的通信方式,运行于距离地面20公里左右高空的平流层平台,相对于传统的卫星通信和地面蜂窝移动通信,有着造价低、容量大、覆盖范围广、布网速度快,适合于人口密度较少的地区和有突发情况的应急通信等显著优势。近些年来已经受到了许多国家和研究机构的关注。本文着重研究平流层CDMA移动通信蜂窝系统的性能和特点,为平流层通信系统的发展作了一些预备工作。
对任何通信系统,信道建模都是非常重要的环节。平流层通信信道具有地面移动通信与卫星通信信道的双重特性。研究信道特性,最好的方法是在实际通信环境下对信道性能进行实测和分析；但要实时进行测试和数据采集,在平流层通信系统平台下几乎是不可能实现的。本文结合平流层通信系统的特点,分析该系统中的大尺度衰落,小尺度衰落等特性,结合平流层通信系统的组网特点,总结了目前平流层通信系统的信道建模方法。通常认为,直视路径的信号能量和经过一次反射的多径分量较其他经过多次反射的多径分量的信号能量要大的多,对信号质量的影响最大。因此本文结合卫星通信系统的椭球模型,分析了直视路径和一次反射的多径信号存在的概率。为整个平流层通信系统的研究提供了基础。
本文详细地分析了平流层CDMA移动蜂窝系统的容量,分析结果表明平流层CDMA移动蜂窝系统的小区间干扰因子比地面移动通信系统小,使得平流层通信系统一个小区的容量较地面系统要大。但是由于平流层平台受到风力等因素的影响,仅能维持在一种准静止状态,这将导致平流层平台系统性能的不稳定,发生大规模的用户切换、掉话,从而导致系统容量下降。本文将平流层平台的准静止状态可以分为：平台摆动、平台位移(水平乙及垂直)、以及平台旋转,并从这几个方面对系统性能的影响进行评估,并提出了与相邻基站联合接收,以及与地面现有移动通信网联合组网的解决方案。
地面移动通信系统广泛采用蜂窝状区域网结构,地面上分布多个基站,基站一般位于小区的中心,通过全向或定向天线覆盖一个小区利用天然的路径损耗实现同频干扰的减小,从而实现同频复用,提高频率利用率。与地面移动通信系统不同,平流层通信系统通过安装在平台下方的多波束天线,产生多个波束覆盖不同的区域,每个波束覆盖的区域定义成一个小区。通过这种方式,实现频谱的空分复用,提高频谱利用效率。正因为如此,目前ITU提出的覆盖方案都存在着波束在地面分布能量不均的问题,本文首先对ITU提出的针对移动通信的多波束覆盖方案进行了包括小区半径,电池损耗和系统容量等方面的评估,分析结果证明离平台越远的小区能量越涣散,波束之间的重叠区域越大,小区间干扰越严重,系统容量也越小。这种服务质量不公平的现象必然会影响平流层CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统的商用。在目前的条件下,最简单的解决方案就是对用户密度高,系统容量大的“热点区域”,利用现有的地面移动通信基站进行补充。本文对这种方案进行了评估,结果证明效果是很客观的。
总而言之,本文针对平流层CDMA移动蜂窝网的特点,结合卫星通信和地面移动通信系统,提出了对平流层CDMA移动蜂窝网的有用建议。
High altitude platform station (HAPS) is a new way of communication, which operates in stratosphere whose altitude is about20km. Compared to traditional satellite communication and terrestrial cellular mobile communication, the HAPS has several significant advantages, such as lower cost of deployment, larger system capacity, larger area of coverage, faster speed of distribution network, and more suitable for areas with less population density and contingencies such as emergency communications. In recent years, it has been the concern of many countries and research institutions. This paper focuses on the performances and features of the HAPS-CDMA mobile cellular network, and makes some preparatory work for the development of this system.
For any communication system research, channel modeling is a very important part. HAPS communition channel has the dual characteristics of the terrestrial mobile communication channel and satellite communication channel. The best way to study the performance of the channel is measurement and analysis in the actual communication environment. But it is almost impossible to achieve by real-time testing and data collection in the stratosphere environment. In this paper, considering the characteristics of the HAPS communication system, the large-scale fading, small scale fading are analysed, and the HAPS system's channel modeling methods are summarized. In generally, the signal energy of light of sight and once reflected multipath are larger than other multipath signals'. In this paper, using the method of the ellisposidal model of the satellite communication system to analyze the probability of the light of sight and once reflected multipath signals. The work of the HAPS system channel provides a basis for the following study.
In this paper, the capacity of the HAPS-CDMA system is analysed. The results show that the inter-cell interference factor is smaller than the terrestrial CDMA communication system's, and the capacity is larger than the terrstiral one's. However, HAPS may suffer from stratospheric winds. Platform can maintain the platform in the quasi-static states, which will lead to instability of the system, such as large-scale user switching, dropped calls, resulting in lower system capacity. This paper define the quasi-stationary state three types:the platform swing, platform displacement (horizontal and vertical), and platform rotation, and assess the impact on system performance from several aspects. Finally, the algorithm of combined receiving signal with the adjacent HAPS base station, and the networking solutions of using existing ground base stations are proposed.
The honeycomb network structure is widely used in the terrestial mobile communication system, and a number of base stations is distribution located in the center of the cells, covering the cell by the omni-directional or directional antenna. Frequency multiplexing is realized by natural path loss decreases, and the ratio of the frequency utilization is increased. Different from the terrestrial mobile communication system, the HAPS communication system cover different areas through the multiple beams producted by the multi-beam antennas which are installed on the platform below of the platform, and each beam coverage area is defined as a cell. Because of this, the beam energy distribution in the ground is uneven according to the ITU proposed coverage programs. First, the paper accesses the ITU programs from the cell radius, buttery loss and system capacity. The analysis results show that the farther from the platform, the greater the overlap region between the beam, the more serious inter-cell interference and the system capacity is also smaller. This QoS unfairness affects the HAPS-CDMA system commercialized. In the present conditions, the simplest solution is using existing ground mobile communication base stations to provide supplement service for the system capacity "hot spots", where the user density is high. The results show that the effect is very objective.
In summary, this paper analyses the characteristics of the HAPS-CDMA mobile cellular network, combined with satellite communication and terrestrial mobile communication system, and provides helpful suggestions.
对任何通信系统,信道建模都是非常重要的环节。平流层通信信道具有地面移动通信与卫星通信信道的双重特性。研究信道特性,最好的方法是在实际通信环境下对信道性能进行实测和分析；但要实时进行测试和数据采集,在平流层通信系统平台下几乎是不可能实现的。本文结合平流层通信系统的特点,分析该系统中的大尺度衰落,小尺度衰落等特性,结合平流层通信系统的组网特点,总结了目前平流层通信系统的信道建模方法。通常认为,直视路径的信号能量和经过一次反射的多径分量较其他经过多次反射的多径分量的信号能量要大的多,对信号质量的影响最大。因此本文结合卫星通信系统的椭球模型,分析了直视路径和一次反射的多径信号存在的概率。为整个平流层通信系统的研究提供了基础。
本文详细地分析了平流层CDMA移动蜂窝系统的容量,分析结果表明平流层CDMA移动蜂窝系统的小区间干扰因子比地面移动通信系统小,使得平流层通信系统一个小区的容量较地面系统要大。但是由于平流层平台受到风力等因素的影响,仅能维持在一种准静止状态,这将导致平流层平台系统性能的不稳定,发生大规模的用户切换、掉话,从而导致系统容量下降。本文将平流层平台的准静止状态可以分为：平台摆动、平台位移(水平乙及垂直)、以及平台旋转,并从这几个方面对系统性能的影响进行评估,并提出了与相邻基站联合接收,以及与地面现有移动通信网联合组网的解决方案。
地面移动通信系统广泛采用蜂窝状区域网结构,地面上分布多个基站,基站一般位于小区的中心,通过全向或定向天线覆盖一个小区利用天然的路径损耗实现同频干扰的减小,从而实现同频复用,提高频率利用率。与地面移动通信系统不同,平流层通信系统通过安装在平台下方的多波束天线,产生多个波束覆盖不同的区域,每个波束覆盖的区域定义成一个小区。通过这种方式,实现频谱的空分复用,提高频谱利用效率。正因为如此,目前ITU提出的覆盖方案都存在着波束在地面分布能量不均的问题,本文首先对ITU提出的针对移动通信的多波束覆盖方案进行了包括小区半径,电池损耗和系统容量等方面的评估,分析结果证明离平台越远的小区能量越涣散,波束之间的重叠区域越大,小区间干扰越严重,系统容量也越小。这种服务质量不公平的现象必然会影响平流层CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统的商用。在目前的条件下,最简单的解决方案就是对用户密度高,系统容量大的“热点区域”,利用现有的地面移动通信基站进行补充。本文对这种方案进行了评估,结果证明效果是很客观的。
总而言之,本文针对平流层CDMA移动蜂窝网的特点,结合卫星通信和地面移动通信系统,提出了对平流层CDMA移动蜂窝网的有用建议。
High altitude platform station (HAPS) is a new way of communication, which operates in stratosphere whose altitude is about20km. Compared to traditional satellite communication and terrestrial cellular mobile communication, the HAPS has several significant advantages, such as lower cost of deployment, larger system capacity, larger area of coverage, faster speed of distribution network, and more suitable for areas with less population density and contingencies such as emergency communications. In recent years, it has been the concern of many countries and research institutions. This paper focuses on the performances and features of the HAPS-CDMA mobile cellular network, and makes some preparatory work for the development of this system.
For any communication system research, channel modeling is a very important part. HAPS communition channel has the dual characteristics of the terrestrial mobile communication channel and satellite communication channel. The best way to study the performance of the channel is measurement and analysis in the actual communication environment. But it is almost impossible to achieve by real-time testing and data collection in the stratosphere environment. In this paper, considering the characteristics of the HAPS communication system, the large-scale fading, small scale fading are analysed, and the HAPS system's channel modeling methods are summarized. In generally, the signal energy of light of sight and once reflected multipath are larger than other multipath signals'. In this paper, using the method of the ellisposidal model of the satellite communication system to analyze the probability of the light of sight and once reflected multipath signals. The work of the HAPS system channel provides a basis for the following study.
In this paper, the capacity of the HAPS-CDMA system is analysed. The results show that the inter-cell interference factor is smaller than the terrestrial CDMA communication system's, and the capacity is larger than the terrstiral one's. However, HAPS may suffer from stratospheric winds. Platform can maintain the platform in the quasi-static states, which will lead to instability of the system, such as large-scale user switching, dropped calls, resulting in lower system capacity. This paper define the quasi-stationary state three types:the platform swing, platform displacement (horizontal and vertical), and platform rotation, and assess the impact on system performance from several aspects. Finally, the algorithm of combined receiving signal with the adjacent HAPS base station, and the networking solutions of using existing ground base stations are proposed.
The honeycomb network structure is widely used in the terrestial mobile communication system, and a number of base stations is distribution located in the center of the cells, covering the cell by the omni-directional or directional antenna. Frequency multiplexing is realized by natural path loss decreases, and the ratio of the frequency utilization is increased. Different from the terrestrial mobile communication system, the HAPS communication system cover different areas through the multiple beams producted by the multi-beam antennas which are installed on the platform below of the platform, and each beam coverage area is defined as a cell. Because of this, the beam energy distribution in the ground is uneven according to the ITU proposed coverage programs. First, the paper accesses the ITU programs from the cell radius, buttery loss and system capacity. The analysis results show that the farther from the platform, the greater the overlap region between the beam, the more serious inter-cell interference and the system capacity is also smaller. This QoS unfairness affects the HAPS-CDMA system commercialized. In the present conditions, the simplest solution is using existing ground mobile communication base stations to provide supplement service for the system capacity "hot spots", where the user density is high. The results show that the effect is very objective.
In summary, this paper analyses the characteristics of the HAPS-CDMA mobile cellular network, combined with satellite communication and terrestrial mobile communication system, and provides helpful suggestions.
引文
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