中药柴胡多样性研究及其质量考察
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摘要
本文参考了《中国植物志》(1988年版)、《中国药典》(2005版)和有关甘肃药用植物柴胡的研究资料,对甘肃产柴胡的分布、分类进行研究,在此基础上运用化学成分HPLC分析、指纹图谱分析方法和气质联用分析方法等对种的确定和种的生物多样性进行探索研究。
1、参阅《中国植物志》、《中国高等植物图鉴》、《全国中草药汇编》、《甘肃中草药手册》及大量论文资料,对所收集标本进行鉴定,并综述了国内及甘肃省内柴胡的分布、药用情况及物种多样性。
2、利用高效液相色谱法研究黑柴胡和狭叶柴胡的指纹图谱。结果表明,黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff.)与狭叶柴胡(B.scorzonerifolium Willd)在HPLC醇溶性成分指纹图谱上,具有明显的差异。所收集的黑柴胡样品中不含有柴胡皂苷d,但是却洗脱出3个未知的成分,且含量很高。小叶黑柴胡中也存在此三种成分,但是含量相对较低,同时小叶黑柴胡中含有柴胡皂苷d,如果对此进一步研究,可能会找出通过化学成分鉴定黑柴胡与小叶黑柴胡的方法。黄花鸭趾柴胡虽然作为商品黑柴胡使用,但是未检出上述的3种未知成分,其色谱特征与狭叶柴胡相似。
3、采用高效液相色谱法测定了13个居群的柴胡根中活性成分柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的含量,以评价所收集的不同品种柴胡的药用质量。甘肃产不同种、同品种不同产地的柴胡皂苷a、d的含量差异显著。药典收载品含量较高,但并不是最高的,银州柴胡的皂苷含量较高。
4、炮制醋柴胡并且考察了醋柴胡的柴胡皂苷a、d含量,发现柴胡醋制后柴胡皂苷a、d的含量明显降低。柴胡炮制后,柴胡皂苷a、d含量变化是否是其功效变化的原因,是一个值得探讨的内容。
5、分析了黑柴胡和银州柴胡的挥发油成分,分别分离出30种、34种化学成分,并运用质谱检索和保留指数对其中主要的14种和12种成分进行了定性。
本论文主要结论为:本实验不支持黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff.)作为中药柴胡使用。应加大对中药柴胡资源的保护和研究。
This paper has reported the studies about Bupleurum Chinese from Gansu province on the biology diversity.
1.The resource,distribution,habitats,medicinal parts and species diversity of Gansu's species of the genus Bupleurum have been clarified.Their relationships have been summarized through conducting field investigation and consulting related specimens and data.
2.The chromatographic fingerprint of Bupleurum smithii Wolff.and B.scorzonerifolium Willd.populations was compared by HPLC.According to the comparative study of chromatographic fingerprint,we found that Bupleurum smithii Wolff.is quite different to Bupleurum smithii Wolff.on the HPLC communal peaks' fingerprint.Bupleurum smithii Wolff.does not contain ss d,and it has three ingredients that were unkown.B.smithii Wolff var.parvifolium Shan et Y.Li.also contents the three ingredients,but it contants ss d.Maybe the distinction will used on determing different species of Bupleurum chinense.Although B.commelynodeum Boiss var flaviforum shan et Y.Li used as B.smithii Wolff in the market,but the three kinds of unknown composition which were mentioned in the above were not detected in B.commelynodeum Boiss var flaviforum shan et Y.Li.The chromatographic characteristics of B.commelynodeum Boiss var flaviforum shan et Y.Li and B.scrzoneriefolium Will were similar.This has a positive significance for Bupleurum to expand the drug source, monitor quality and develop the resources efficiently and rationally.
3.By using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the content of ssa、ssd and estimate the quality of 13 Bupleurum populations were determined.The content of ss a and ss d in the same species of Bupleurum chinense and the same species which were not grow in the same place were large defference.The variety which were recorded in Pharmacopoeia has a high level in ss a ands d,but not the highest.The content of saponins in B.yinchowense Shan et Y.Li was the highest.
4.After using the vinegar deal with the Bupleurum,the content of ss a、ss d is lower than Bupleurum.The content of ss a and ss d in processe Bupleurum was changed. This content deserved to explord whether it is the reasons for changes in their effectiveness.
5.The GC/MS were established and 30 kinds of chemical composition were isolated from B.smithii Wolff.and 34 kinds of chemical composition were isolated from B.yinchowense Shan et Y.Li.the14 and 12 common peaks were found and identified with GC/MS in volatile oil of two batches of Radix Bupleuri.The comparison on similarity degree of the crude drugs from various habitats has been carried on.
Chief conclusion:Bupleurum smithii Wolff.can not used as Bupleurum chinense. Bupleurum chinense is a Chinese traditional medicine,and it is diversiform on some characteristic.The resource of Bupleurum chinense must be protected.
1、参阅《中国植物志》、《中国高等植物图鉴》、《全国中草药汇编》、《甘肃中草药手册》及大量论文资料,对所收集标本进行鉴定,并综述了国内及甘肃省内柴胡的分布、药用情况及物种多样性。
2、利用高效液相色谱法研究黑柴胡和狭叶柴胡的指纹图谱。结果表明,黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff.)与狭叶柴胡(B.scorzonerifolium Willd)在HPLC醇溶性成分指纹图谱上,具有明显的差异。所收集的黑柴胡样品中不含有柴胡皂苷d,但是却洗脱出3个未知的成分,且含量很高。小叶黑柴胡中也存在此三种成分,但是含量相对较低,同时小叶黑柴胡中含有柴胡皂苷d,如果对此进一步研究,可能会找出通过化学成分鉴定黑柴胡与小叶黑柴胡的方法。黄花鸭趾柴胡虽然作为商品黑柴胡使用,但是未检出上述的3种未知成分,其色谱特征与狭叶柴胡相似。
3、采用高效液相色谱法测定了13个居群的柴胡根中活性成分柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的含量,以评价所收集的不同品种柴胡的药用质量。甘肃产不同种、同品种不同产地的柴胡皂苷a、d的含量差异显著。药典收载品含量较高,但并不是最高的,银州柴胡的皂苷含量较高。
4、炮制醋柴胡并且考察了醋柴胡的柴胡皂苷a、d含量,发现柴胡醋制后柴胡皂苷a、d的含量明显降低。柴胡炮制后,柴胡皂苷a、d含量变化是否是其功效变化的原因,是一个值得探讨的内容。
5、分析了黑柴胡和银州柴胡的挥发油成分,分别分离出30种、34种化学成分,并运用质谱检索和保留指数对其中主要的14种和12种成分进行了定性。
本论文主要结论为:本实验不支持黑柴胡(Bupleurum smithii Wolff.)作为中药柴胡使用。应加大对中药柴胡资源的保护和研究。
This paper has reported the studies about Bupleurum Chinese from Gansu province on the biology diversity.
1.The resource,distribution,habitats,medicinal parts and species diversity of Gansu's species of the genus Bupleurum have been clarified.Their relationships have been summarized through conducting field investigation and consulting related specimens and data.
2.The chromatographic fingerprint of Bupleurum smithii Wolff.and B.scorzonerifolium Willd.populations was compared by HPLC.According to the comparative study of chromatographic fingerprint,we found that Bupleurum smithii Wolff.is quite different to Bupleurum smithii Wolff.on the HPLC communal peaks' fingerprint.Bupleurum smithii Wolff.does not contain ss d,and it has three ingredients that were unkown.B.smithii Wolff var.parvifolium Shan et Y.Li.also contents the three ingredients,but it contants ss d.Maybe the distinction will used on determing different species of Bupleurum chinense.Although B.commelynodeum Boiss var flaviforum shan et Y.Li used as B.smithii Wolff in the market,but the three kinds of unknown composition which were mentioned in the above were not detected in B.commelynodeum Boiss var flaviforum shan et Y.Li.The chromatographic characteristics of B.commelynodeum Boiss var flaviforum shan et Y.Li and B.scrzoneriefolium Will were similar.This has a positive significance for Bupleurum to expand the drug source, monitor quality and develop the resources efficiently and rationally.
3.By using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),the content of ssa、ssd and estimate the quality of 13 Bupleurum populations were determined.The content of ss a and ss d in the same species of Bupleurum chinense and the same species which were not grow in the same place were large defference.The variety which were recorded in Pharmacopoeia has a high level in ss a ands d,but not the highest.The content of saponins in B.yinchowense Shan et Y.Li was the highest.
4.After using the vinegar deal with the Bupleurum,the content of ss a、ss d is lower than Bupleurum.The content of ss a and ss d in processe Bupleurum was changed. This content deserved to explord whether it is the reasons for changes in their effectiveness.
5.The GC/MS were established and 30 kinds of chemical composition were isolated from B.smithii Wolff.and 34 kinds of chemical composition were isolated from B.yinchowense Shan et Y.Li.the14 and 12 common peaks were found and identified with GC/MS in volatile oil of two batches of Radix Bupleuri.The comparison on similarity degree of the crude drugs from various habitats has been carried on.
Chief conclusion:Bupleurum smithii Wolff.can not used as Bupleurum chinense. Bupleurum chinense is a Chinese traditional medicine,and it is diversiform on some characteristic.The resource of Bupleurum chinense must be protected.
引文
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[2]杨瑶裙.阿尔泰柴胡的化学成分及质量研究.[D].北京中医药大学.2005.
[3]孙星衍.神农本草经[M].人民卫生出版社,1963:16.
[4]李时珍.本草纲目[M].第二册.北京:人民卫生出版社,1977:785.
[5]李颖,佘金兰.中国植物志.55卷.第一分册[M].北京:科学出版社,215.
[6]唐慎微.重修证和解史证类备急本草[M].华夏出版社,1993:162.
[7]吴其浚.植物名实图考.卷七[M].商务印书馆,1957:162.
[8]兰茂.滇南本草.1卷[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,1959:67.
[9]Renddle AB.The Classification of Flowering Plants.Ⅱ.1952:411.
[10]蔡少青,郑汉臣.药用植物学与生药学 第四版[M]人民卫生出版社,2004:352.
[11]李广民,中国中药杂志.1989,14(5):262.
[12]王玉庆,牛颜冰,秦雪梅.野生柴胡资源调查山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2007,27(1):103-107
[13]梁鸿,赵玉英,邱海蕴,等.北柴胡中新皂甙的结构鉴定[J].药学学报,1998,33(1):37-41
[14]刘沁航,谭利,白众晶,等.柴胡属植物皂若10年研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(1):7-11.
[15]Sanchez-contreras S,Diaz—lama AM,Matellano LF,et al.A sulfated saponin from Buplerum rigidum[J].Nat Prod.1998,61(11):1383-1385.
[16]Bai YJ,Zhao YY,Tan L,et al.Studies on the chemical constituents of the roots from Bupleurm scorzonerzfolzum[J].Chin.Pharm.Sci.1999,8(2):105-107.
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