编码叶绿体/质体RNA结合蛋白及Na～+/K～+/Cl～-共转运体基因的功能研究
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摘要
植物生长发育、分化、衰老和抗逆等生命过程是受严格的遗传调控的。这些过程实现的分子基础是基因的时空差异表达。在基因表达过程中,转录调控是基因表达调控的主要调控点。真核生物中,转录后调控更为复杂多样,转录后的调控能对基因表达最终产物的种类和数量(即蛋白质的复杂性)产生重要而直接的影响。基因在转录后,新合成的pre-mRNA或核不均一RNA( hnRNA)要经过pre-mRNA剪接(pre-mRNA splicing),5'端加帽(capping),3'端合成多聚腺苷酸(polyA)尾(polyadenylation)等加工环节才能成为成熟的mRNA。许多环境及体内因子可通过调控基因表达和转录后过程影响植物的生长发育过程。RNA结合蛋白(RBPs)是一类参与转录后调控的重要蛋白。这类蛋白质可通过直接结合RNA或间接调节其它参与转录后调控的成分,影响pre-mRNA的加工成熟,mRNA(由细胞核至细胞质)的转运、定位、翻译和代谢等多个转录后环节,进而影响受遗传调控的植物生长、发育、增殖、分化、胁迫应答等生命过程。因此对RBPs及其编码基因的研究对于阐明植物的生长、发育及胁迫应答的机理十分重要。已有的研究表明,cpRBP29是由核基因编码并定位到叶绿体中的蛋白,叶绿体中,该类蛋白主要包括cpRBP28/ cpRBP29(a、b)/ cpRBP31(a、b)/ cpRBP33(a、b)这几大类,它们与叶绿体基因组编码的基因表达调控密切相关,同时还起着细胞(核基因组)和叶绿体(基因组)之间的信息传递和协调功能,但关于该基因对生长发育相关的生理作用则缺少相关的研究。
许多环境因子会对植物的生长产生胁迫影响,是植物生长的胁迫因子。植物生长发育过程中不可避免地会受到(环境)胁迫因子的影响。重度的胁迫会对植物的生长发育造成伤害;在农业生产中则会降低农作物的产量、质量和经济效益。研究植物对胁迫的应答及调控机理对降低胁迫的不利影响,指导农业生产具有积极的意义。高盐是常见的胁迫因子,土壤盐渍化会严重抑制植物的生长和发育,影响农作物的品质和产量。盐对植物造成的胁迫同植物的离子运输密切相关,因此,研究植物的离子运输对理解植物耐盐的机理及调节至关重要。动物中的研究表明,NKCC是一类与盐腺泌盐功能密切相关的离子转运结构,它同Cl---Channel (氯离子通道)以及该基因家族的其它成员的编码产物如KCC、NCC协同配合对动物盐腺
The growth and development of plant are restrictly controlled by its programmed genetic expression. Many environmental and internal factors can influence the process of development and growth of plant by interfering the genes' expression. Genes' expression is a process under strict regulation, which includes multiple regulating steps such as the activation of gene structure, the initiation of transcription, post-transcriptional processes, translation and post-translational processes. Proteins play a vital role in almost all of the regulation processes especially post-transcription process. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are the key factors that involve in the post-transcriptional regulation. They affect all but every procedure of the mRNA post-transcription process by directly combining RNA or indirectly regulating the functions of other factors. So, RBPs have wide influence on various aspects of plants that include growth, development, propagation, differentiation and the stress responses, which are all regulated geneticly. From this aspect, it is clear that the study of RBPs and RBPs' encoding genes will help to illustrate the mechanisms that plants adopt in growth, development, stress tolerance, and response.
Some documented papers have shown that cpRBP29 belongs to a sort of proteins encoded by nuclear genome and locates in chloroplast. This group of proteins are composed of cpRBP28, cpRBP29(a、b), cpRBP31(a、b) and cpRBP33(a、b). They are closely related to the regulation of gene expression of chloroplast genome. In addition, they also play a role in information exchanging and cooperating between nuclear genome and chloroplast genome. Unfortunately, although some work has been done to identify the RNAs that they process, little is known about the specific function of cpRBP29.
Plants are inevitable to suffer from environmental stresses during their whole lives. Stresses might impede the normal growth and development of plants and lead to the decrease of products' quantity, quality and economic values. Researches about the mechanism plants respond to stresses are of great importance for people to avoid the adverse effect of stresses on plants and improve the
许多环境因子会对植物的生长产生胁迫影响,是植物生长的胁迫因子。植物生长发育过程中不可避免地会受到(环境)胁迫因子的影响。重度的胁迫会对植物的生长发育造成伤害;在农业生产中则会降低农作物的产量、质量和经济效益。研究植物对胁迫的应答及调控机理对降低胁迫的不利影响,指导农业生产具有积极的意义。高盐是常见的胁迫因子,土壤盐渍化会严重抑制植物的生长和发育,影响农作物的品质和产量。盐对植物造成的胁迫同植物的离子运输密切相关,因此,研究植物的离子运输对理解植物耐盐的机理及调节至关重要。动物中的研究表明,NKCC是一类与盐腺泌盐功能密切相关的离子转运结构,它同Cl---Channel (氯离子通道)以及该基因家族的其它成员的编码产物如KCC、NCC协同配合对动物盐腺
The growth and development of plant are restrictly controlled by its programmed genetic expression. Many environmental and internal factors can influence the process of development and growth of plant by interfering the genes' expression. Genes' expression is a process under strict regulation, which includes multiple regulating steps such as the activation of gene structure, the initiation of transcription, post-transcriptional processes, translation and post-translational processes. Proteins play a vital role in almost all of the regulation processes especially post-transcription process. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are the key factors that involve in the post-transcriptional regulation. They affect all but every procedure of the mRNA post-transcription process by directly combining RNA or indirectly regulating the functions of other factors. So, RBPs have wide influence on various aspects of plants that include growth, development, propagation, differentiation and the stress responses, which are all regulated geneticly. From this aspect, it is clear that the study of RBPs and RBPs' encoding genes will help to illustrate the mechanisms that plants adopt in growth, development, stress tolerance, and response.
Some documented papers have shown that cpRBP29 belongs to a sort of proteins encoded by nuclear genome and locates in chloroplast. This group of proteins are composed of cpRBP28, cpRBP29(a、b), cpRBP31(a、b) and cpRBP33(a、b). They are closely related to the regulation of gene expression of chloroplast genome. In addition, they also play a role in information exchanging and cooperating between nuclear genome and chloroplast genome. Unfortunately, although some work has been done to identify the RNAs that they process, little is known about the specific function of cpRBP29.
Plants are inevitable to suffer from environmental stresses during their whole lives. Stresses might impede the normal growth and development of plants and lead to the decrease of products' quantity, quality and economic values. Researches about the mechanism plants respond to stresses are of great importance for people to avoid the adverse effect of stresses on plants and improve the
引文
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