真空管集热和卵石层贮热转换系统的研究及其热性能分析
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摘要
为了适应国家提出的“十一五”期间单位国内生产总值能源消耗降低百分之二十左右，主要污染物排放总量减少百分之十的目标要求，各地政府、研究机构以及开发企业等都在不同层面、不同区域、不同建筑上做了大量细致的研究工作，特别是在太阳能建筑领域进行积极的研究与实践，已成为实现可持续发展的热门课题。
我国农村人口约占全国人口的80％，农村住宅在我国住宅建设中占有重要地位。目前农村住宅空气温度调节主要用燃煤和燃柴来控制室温，这种温度调节消耗的能量要占住宅总能量的70％以上。这种传统的控制室温方式不仅带来外界环境的污染，而且为了燃柴可能造成生态环境的破坏。农村住宅配套太阳能地热储能系统技术，是针对我国广大农村冬季寒冷时调节室内温度而采取的一项有效的太阳能利用技术，热能的交换自然循环，树龄能源消耗建筑技术。研究的成果将对建设和谐、环境、节约型社会主义新农村具有深远的历史意义。具体研究内容如下：
(1) 通过沈阳地区30年的气象数据资料分析了冬季采暖期(11月～3月)与非采暖期(4月～10月)太阳能辐射量变化的规律，同时分析比较了光辐射与水平面不同角度时的辐射量历史数据。结果表明，在冬季采暖期集热管与光辐射垂直时总日射月平均日辐射量的最小辐射量、平均辐射量、最高辐射量分别为与光辐射水平时总日射月平均日辐射量的2.0倍，1.8倍和1.9倍。在此基础上确定了太阳能集热器与地水平线的定位角度为56度，同时依月平均气温的历史资料明确了集热器，贮存与用能匹配关系。
(2) 太阳能地热储能系统主要由太阳能集热器、地热储能用的卵石层及传热介质循环所需的管道等组成。其中太阳能集热器的集热面积为3.5m~2；卵石层储热部分的卵石层铺设厚度为190mm，其体积为2m~3，为了提高传递介质的热转换速率增大了以往的进出口直径，同时考虑热能的自然循环交换，室内的热储能的卵石层水平高度高于室外集热器的高度，属零能源消耗建筑技术。
(3) 以气体传热为介质进行了储能试验。储热的卵石直径为50～100mm，卵石之间的空隙为45.7％。试验结果表明：当室外环境最高、最低、平均温度分别为1.4℃、-15.9℃、-6.6℃时热水箱的温度分别为46.6℃、-4.7℃、17.5℃：卵石温度分
In order to decrease energy depletion and emission of the main contamination in the central government, local government, research institute and enterprise in China have paid more attention to the development of renewable energy.
In China, 80% of the population is in the country, so the configuration of rural buildings is very important to decrease the depletion of energy. Now, the villagers use the coal and fuel wood to control the temperature of the house. This can cause the environment pollution and is bad for ecosystem. So the researchers are now providing new technologies to use solar energy as a thermal storage system for the rural buildings. This technology can exchange the heat mass by the natural circulation without an energy consumption. If we can succeed in this research, it is an instructive technology for us to build a harmonious socialistic country in environment and energy. The main contents of this research are as follows:
(1) The solar radiation was analyzed in the heating period (from November to March) and none heating period (from April to October) according to the weather data of Shenyang city for the past of 30-year periods. And the incident solar radiations in the different angle of incident solar radiation (horizontal solar radiation, vertical solar radiation and normal solar radiation) were analyzed and compared. When the vacuum tube solar collectors are vertical against the incident radiation, the minimum incident solar radiation, average incident solar radiation and maximum incident solar radiation of the daily mean solar radiation within a month of the gross solar radiation were 2.0 times, 1.8 times and 1.9 times as big as those of horizontal solar radiation. So the orientation angle is 56 degrees between solar collector and terra horizontal line, and given the matching connection between the solar thermal conversion
我国农村人口约占全国人口的80％，农村住宅在我国住宅建设中占有重要地位。目前农村住宅空气温度调节主要用燃煤和燃柴来控制室温，这种温度调节消耗的能量要占住宅总能量的70％以上。这种传统的控制室温方式不仅带来外界环境的污染，而且为了燃柴可能造成生态环境的破坏。农村住宅配套太阳能地热储能系统技术，是针对我国广大农村冬季寒冷时调节室内温度而采取的一项有效的太阳能利用技术，热能的交换自然循环，树龄能源消耗建筑技术。研究的成果将对建设和谐、环境、节约型社会主义新农村具有深远的历史意义。具体研究内容如下：
(1) 通过沈阳地区30年的气象数据资料分析了冬季采暖期(11月～3月)与非采暖期(4月～10月)太阳能辐射量变化的规律，同时分析比较了光辐射与水平面不同角度时的辐射量历史数据。结果表明，在冬季采暖期集热管与光辐射垂直时总日射月平均日辐射量的最小辐射量、平均辐射量、最高辐射量分别为与光辐射水平时总日射月平均日辐射量的2.0倍，1.8倍和1.9倍。在此基础上确定了太阳能集热器与地水平线的定位角度为56度，同时依月平均气温的历史资料明确了集热器，贮存与用能匹配关系。
(2) 太阳能地热储能系统主要由太阳能集热器、地热储能用的卵石层及传热介质循环所需的管道等组成。其中太阳能集热器的集热面积为3.5m~2；卵石层储热部分的卵石层铺设厚度为190mm，其体积为2m~3，为了提高传递介质的热转换速率增大了以往的进出口直径，同时考虑热能的自然循环交换，室内的热储能的卵石层水平高度高于室外集热器的高度，属零能源消耗建筑技术。
(3) 以气体传热为介质进行了储能试验。储热的卵石直径为50～100mm，卵石之间的空隙为45.7％。试验结果表明：当室外环境最高、最低、平均温度分别为1.4℃、-15.9℃、-6.6℃时热水箱的温度分别为46.6℃、-4.7℃、17.5℃：卵石温度分
In order to decrease energy depletion and emission of the main contamination in the central government, local government, research institute and enterprise in China have paid more attention to the development of renewable energy.
In China, 80% of the population is in the country, so the configuration of rural buildings is very important to decrease the depletion of energy. Now, the villagers use the coal and fuel wood to control the temperature of the house. This can cause the environment pollution and is bad for ecosystem. So the researchers are now providing new technologies to use solar energy as a thermal storage system for the rural buildings. This technology can exchange the heat mass by the natural circulation without an energy consumption. If we can succeed in this research, it is an instructive technology for us to build a harmonious socialistic country in environment and energy. The main contents of this research are as follows:
(1) The solar radiation was analyzed in the heating period (from November to March) and none heating period (from April to October) according to the weather data of Shenyang city for the past of 30-year periods. And the incident solar radiations in the different angle of incident solar radiation (horizontal solar radiation, vertical solar radiation and normal solar radiation) were analyzed and compared. When the vacuum tube solar collectors are vertical against the incident radiation, the minimum incident solar radiation, average incident solar radiation and maximum incident solar radiation of the daily mean solar radiation within a month of the gross solar radiation were 2.0 times, 1.8 times and 1.9 times as big as those of horizontal solar radiation. So the orientation angle is 56 degrees between solar collector and terra horizontal line, and given the matching connection between the solar thermal conversion
引文
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2. Moonki Jang. 2005. Characteristics of Heat Storage and Release of Gravel Layer in Solar Collectors by Hot Air Natural Circulation. Transactions of the CSAE, 21(8): 126-131.
3. Moonki JANG, PIAO Zai-lin, LIU Rong-hou. 2005. Comparison of Thermal Characteristics of Heat Circulation Medium in Solar Collectors, Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 36(6): 699-704.
4. Moonki Jang, Liu Ronghou, Piao Zailin, Rhee, Shin-Ho. 2005. Experimental Study on the Thermal Characteristics of House Heating System for Hot Water Natural Circulation Using Solar Collectors and Gravels. Proceeding of the Internationa] Symposium on Agricultural Engineering. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 19-31.
5. J. M. Oh. 2005. Introduction to solar Heating, Cooling & Hot Water Systems: concepts, Design Methods & Economic Analysis I-Passive Solar Buildings. Korea: Yeil Plan, 1-38.
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