化学清防蜡技术及其在HASSI区块的应用
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摘要
本文对油井结蜡机理、油井结蜡危害进行了深入研究,对各种主要清防蜡技术进行了对比,尤其对化学清防蜡技术工艺进行了详细的描述,对化学清防蜡剂进行了分类和适应性研究。通过化学清防蜡技术在油井现场的试验和实际应用,证实了应用化学清防蜡技术具有缓解油井结蜡,延长热洗周期,增油效果明显,使油井运行平稳,降低生产成本等优点。化学清防蜡技术在14口油井中的应用,使平均热洗周期从22天延长到137天,日增油79吨,年少检泵作业30井次,提高了油田整体生产管理水平。
原油在地层条件下,其压力、温度较高,此时的蜡溶解在原油中,不易析出。随着原油从地层流向井底,从井底流向井筒,压力、温度逐渐下降,随着轻质成分的溶解气不断逸出,石蜡就逐渐在管壁等处沉积,给油井生产管理带来极大困难,严重时使油井停产。油井结蜡受多种因素影响,主要有原油本身的含蜡量、温度、压力、溶解气、胶质沥青质、机械杂质、含水、举升方式等。一般地,原油含蜡量高,则易于结蜡;温度低,压力低,脱气严重,则容易结蜡;胶质沥青质和机械杂质高,则蜡易于形成晶核,容易沉积;含水高,则不易结蜡;电泵井或水力活塞泵采油,采出液温度高,则蜡不易析出。
在实际生产中,针对各油田具体情况,越来越多的各种清防蜡技术得以应用。主要有机械清防蜡,热力清防蜡,表面能防蜡(内衬和涂料油管),超声波清防蜡,强磁清防蜡,微生物清防蜡,化学剂清防蜡技术等。
化学清防蜡技术,工艺简单,操作方便,清防蜡效果好,具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点对化学清防蜡技术工艺进行了介绍,包括对化学清防蜡机理,化学清防蜡药剂种类及选择都做了详细描述。同时,本文对化学清防蜡技术在Hassi区块的试验及应用效果做了深入分析,结果证明,只要清防蜡剂的选择合理,加药工艺科学,应用化学清防蜡技术能够减缓油井结蜡,提高油井的生产管理水平。
This article researched in mechanism of paraffinning, its endanger to oil wells, comparison of traditional deparaffining and control technology, the result of chemical deparaffinning and control tried on site boasted that chemical deparaffinning and control technology worked efficiently in oil wells with functions of abating wax deposit, prolonging washing period, enhancing production and lowering cost. The application of chemical deparaffinning and its control in 14 SRP wells brought with longer washing period from 22 days to 137 day, oil production increase from 115 tons to 194 tons daily, workover decrease of 30 times, and hoist of the whole management of the oil wells.Paraffinning usually happens in the wellbore during the time while the crude oil flows from formation to bottom and from bottom to wellbore, due to the decrease of pressure and temperature which keeps the gas and the wax in state of solution in the petroleum. The factors that affect paraffinning include wax percentage, pressure,temperature, gas soluted, water cut, impurity of pitch and mechanism in crude oil and production method of lift. The lower the pressure, the temperature, the wax percentage, and the water cut, the more the paraffinning will be. The more the pitch and the impurity, the more the paraffinning is. The produced crude oil from wellbore comes out with quantity of heat generated by ESP and hydro-pumping run down hole, accordingly, the temperature in the crude oil is relatively higher and it abates the paraffinning.
All kinds of deparaffinning and wax control have been put into production in oil fields domestically and abroad, including technology of mechanism, thermo-power, surface energy, ultrasonic, magneticism, microorganism and chemical. Chemical wax removal and control is a way with simple technology and easy operation to particularly control paraffinning in well bore. This article described and introduced in detail the mechanism of chemical removal and control and how to select the chemical agent on site, also, analyzed the effect of chemical wax removal and control applied in Hassi reservoir Algeria, which demonstrated and proved that chemical wax removal and control is the technology of efficiency and availability in deparaffinning and paraffinning control.
原油在地层条件下,其压力、温度较高,此时的蜡溶解在原油中,不易析出。随着原油从地层流向井底,从井底流向井筒,压力、温度逐渐下降,随着轻质成分的溶解气不断逸出,石蜡就逐渐在管壁等处沉积,给油井生产管理带来极大困难,严重时使油井停产。油井结蜡受多种因素影响,主要有原油本身的含蜡量、温度、压力、溶解气、胶质沥青质、机械杂质、含水、举升方式等。一般地,原油含蜡量高,则易于结蜡;温度低,压力低,脱气严重,则容易结蜡;胶质沥青质和机械杂质高,则蜡易于形成晶核,容易沉积;含水高,则不易结蜡;电泵井或水力活塞泵采油,采出液温度高,则蜡不易析出。
在实际生产中,针对各油田具体情况,越来越多的各种清防蜡技术得以应用。主要有机械清防蜡,热力清防蜡,表面能防蜡(内衬和涂料油管),超声波清防蜡,强磁清防蜡,微生物清防蜡,化学剂清防蜡技术等。
化学清防蜡技术,工艺简单,操作方便,清防蜡效果好,具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点对化学清防蜡技术工艺进行了介绍,包括对化学清防蜡机理,化学清防蜡药剂种类及选择都做了详细描述。同时,本文对化学清防蜡技术在Hassi区块的试验及应用效果做了深入分析,结果证明,只要清防蜡剂的选择合理,加药工艺科学,应用化学清防蜡技术能够减缓油井结蜡,提高油井的生产管理水平。
This article researched in mechanism of paraffinning, its endanger to oil wells, comparison of traditional deparaffining and control technology, the result of chemical deparaffinning and control tried on site boasted that chemical deparaffinning and control technology worked efficiently in oil wells with functions of abating wax deposit, prolonging washing period, enhancing production and lowering cost. The application of chemical deparaffinning and its control in 14 SRP wells brought with longer washing period from 22 days to 137 day, oil production increase from 115 tons to 194 tons daily, workover decrease of 30 times, and hoist of the whole management of the oil wells.Paraffinning usually happens in the wellbore during the time while the crude oil flows from formation to bottom and from bottom to wellbore, due to the decrease of pressure and temperature which keeps the gas and the wax in state of solution in the petroleum. The factors that affect paraffinning include wax percentage, pressure,temperature, gas soluted, water cut, impurity of pitch and mechanism in crude oil and production method of lift. The lower the pressure, the temperature, the wax percentage, and the water cut, the more the paraffinning will be. The more the pitch and the impurity, the more the paraffinning is. The produced crude oil from wellbore comes out with quantity of heat generated by ESP and hydro-pumping run down hole, accordingly, the temperature in the crude oil is relatively higher and it abates the paraffinning.
All kinds of deparaffinning and wax control have been put into production in oil fields domestically and abroad, including technology of mechanism, thermo-power, surface energy, ultrasonic, magneticism, microorganism and chemical. Chemical wax removal and control is a way with simple technology and easy operation to particularly control paraffinning in well bore. This article described and introduced in detail the mechanism of chemical removal and control and how to select the chemical agent on site, also, analyzed the effect of chemical wax removal and control applied in Hassi reservoir Algeria, which demonstrated and proved that chemical wax removal and control is the technology of efficiency and availability in deparaffinning and paraffinning control.
引文
[1]闻玉贵等.克拉玛依油田九区齐古组稠油油藏加密开发研究[DB/OL].国家科技成果数据库(知网版),1996,8~12.
[2]刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,23~38.
[3]孙川生等.克拉玛依九区热采稠油油藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998,21~23.
[4]刘泽容.油藏描述原理与方法技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,34~37.
[5]卿鹏程等.清防蜡工艺技术研究[J].钻采工艺,1996,6(10),15~20.
[6]黄启玉,苗青编.原油析蜡量和结蜡量关系研究[J].油气储运,2009,4(6),5~7.
[7]刘文章编著.热采稠油油藏开发模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998,1~14.
[8]常毓文,张毅等.稠油热采技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1997.6~9.
[9]凌建军.实用稠油热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.34~37.
[10] [美]K.C.洪.蒸汽驱油藏管理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.6.54~63.
[11]王文杰等.防蜡原理及用药规律初探[J].油田地面工程,1983(1):25~27.
[12]李颖川.采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.2.56~59.
[13]李灵芝,潘新军,钱忆春,徐俊,丁院平.油井结蜡相关因素分析和清防蜡对策[J].小型油气藏,2004,6(4):4~8.
[14]赵福麟.采油化学[M].山东东营:华东石油学院出版社,1989,23~27.
[15]赵福麟.采油用剂[M].山东东营:华东石油学院出版社,1987,17~20.
[16]高锡兴.中国含油气盆地油田水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,5~8.
[17] [美]L.吉德利等著.蒋阗等译.水力压裂技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版1997,56~60.
[18]胡博仲.大庆油田高含水期稳油控水采油工程技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,23~17.
[19]乐建军.应用生物工艺法处理油井的结蜡[J].石油钻采工艺,1992(05).18~21.
[20]冯庆贤,倪方天.有机延缓交联深部调剖剂对地层适应性的研究[J].油田化学,1998.15(1):23~26.
[21]肖稳发.2—丙烯酰胺—2—甲基丙磺酸应用于油田化学剂[J].湖南化工,2000,30(3):13~16.
[22]郑延成,郭稚弧,赵修太.低渗透地层酸化改造技术进展[J].河南化工,2000(4):4~9.
[23]杨秀夫等.国内外油层水力压裂技术现状[J].钻采工艺,1998,21(4):78~89.
[24]徐成华.苯乙烯环氧化制环氧苯乙烷的研究[J].石油与天然气化工,1998,27(2):18~23.
[25]盛亚平等.双液法调剖堵水剂[J].油田化学,1998,15(3):14~18.
[26]赵以文.高温延缓型有机胶联剂合成研究[J].油田化学,1991,8(3):17~19.
[27]张福仁等.纯化油田酸化技术研究及应用[J].钻采工艺,1998,20(1):74~77.
[28]辽河油田分公司钻采工艺研究所.降凝防蜡冷输技术[J].特种油气藏,1995(04).16~19.
[29]曹怀山,姜红等.油溶性清防蜡剂[J].油田化学,2001,10(4):25~29.
[30]彭向明,项明杰.油井结蜡机理及其在清蜡技术在靖安油田的应用[J].石油化工应用,2007(04).12~16.
[31]刘文秀.乳液型清防蜡双效剂[J].油田化学,1986,5(4):29~32.
[32]张绪明,柯克亚.凝析油气田油井使用化学清防蜡剂初探[J].新疆石油科技,1993,6(2):18~24.
[33]李永太等.油气采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999,6(3):13~16.
[34]周继德.热洗清蜡的危害及改进措施[J].石油钻采工艺,1992,5(2):20~24.
[35] [匈]费罗因德等著.石蜡产品的性质、生产及应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1988,6(2):13~17.
[36]付亚荣等.FV-1清蜡降粘剂研制与应用[J].钻采工艺,1999,3(4):62~66.
[37] LiYong .Wax Deposit Pattern of Oil Wells Wax Removal and Control Techniques in Huanxiling Oilfield liyong [J] .China Foreign Energy. 2009,14(5):16~18.
[38] General specification of paraffin inhibition and removal agent for the use of oil production [J]. Design institute of DPAB, 1997,23~25.
[39] Bernadiner, M.G., Brooklyn Polytechnic U. Advanced Asphaltene and Paraffinn Control Technology [J]. International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans,Louisiana. 2~5 March 1993,12~16.
[40] John S. Manka, James S. Magyar, and Robert P. Smith, A Novel Method to Winterize Traditional Pour Point Depressants[ J]. Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas.3~6 October 1999,40~45.
[41] Johan Sjoblom. Ageing of Crude Oils and Its Influence on the Emulsion Stability[J]. colloids and surface A. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. Volume 97, Issue 2.24 April 1995,34~36.
[42]Hans Petter Ronningsen. Water-in-crude oil emulsions from the Norwegian continentalshelf 11 [J]. colloids and surface A.Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. Volume 97, Issue 2.24 April 1995,14~16.
[43] Hans Petter R?nningsen. Rheological behaviour of gelled, waxy North Sea crude oils [J]. Journal of Petro science and engineering, May 1992,8~9.
[44] M. Dubus and H. Burlet. Rheological behaviour of a polymer ceramic blend [J]. Journal of European ceramic society. Volume 17,issue 2~3.
[45] A.M.Elsharkawy. Wax deposition from Middle East crudes [J]. Fuel,volume 79, issue 9, July 2000,21~24.
[2]刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,23~38.
[3]孙川生等.克拉玛依九区热采稠油油藏[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998,21~23.
[4]刘泽容.油藏描述原理与方法技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,34~37.
[5]卿鹏程等.清防蜡工艺技术研究[J].钻采工艺,1996,6(10),15~20.
[6]黄启玉,苗青编.原油析蜡量和结蜡量关系研究[J].油气储运,2009,4(6),5~7.
[7]刘文章编著.热采稠油油藏开发模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998,1~14.
[8]常毓文,张毅等.稠油热采技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1997.6~9.
[9]凌建军.实用稠油热采工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.34~37.
[10] [美]K.C.洪.蒸汽驱油藏管理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.6.54~63.
[11]王文杰等.防蜡原理及用药规律初探[J].油田地面工程,1983(1):25~27.
[12]李颖川.采油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.2.56~59.
[13]李灵芝,潘新军,钱忆春,徐俊,丁院平.油井结蜡相关因素分析和清防蜡对策[J].小型油气藏,2004,6(4):4~8.
[14]赵福麟.采油化学[M].山东东营:华东石油学院出版社,1989,23~27.
[15]赵福麟.采油用剂[M].山东东营:华东石油学院出版社,1987,17~20.
[16]高锡兴.中国含油气盆地油田水[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,5~8.
[17] [美]L.吉德利等著.蒋阗等译.水力压裂技术新进展[M].北京:石油工业出版1997,56~60.
[18]胡博仲.大庆油田高含水期稳油控水采油工程技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997,23~17.
[19]乐建军.应用生物工艺法处理油井的结蜡[J].石油钻采工艺,1992(05).18~21.
[20]冯庆贤,倪方天.有机延缓交联深部调剖剂对地层适应性的研究[J].油田化学,1998.15(1):23~26.
[21]肖稳发.2—丙烯酰胺—2—甲基丙磺酸应用于油田化学剂[J].湖南化工,2000,30(3):13~16.
[22]郑延成,郭稚弧,赵修太.低渗透地层酸化改造技术进展[J].河南化工,2000(4):4~9.
[23]杨秀夫等.国内外油层水力压裂技术现状[J].钻采工艺,1998,21(4):78~89.
[24]徐成华.苯乙烯环氧化制环氧苯乙烷的研究[J].石油与天然气化工,1998,27(2):18~23.
[25]盛亚平等.双液法调剖堵水剂[J].油田化学,1998,15(3):14~18.
[26]赵以文.高温延缓型有机胶联剂合成研究[J].油田化学,1991,8(3):17~19.
[27]张福仁等.纯化油田酸化技术研究及应用[J].钻采工艺,1998,20(1):74~77.
[28]辽河油田分公司钻采工艺研究所.降凝防蜡冷输技术[J].特种油气藏,1995(04).16~19.
[29]曹怀山,姜红等.油溶性清防蜡剂[J].油田化学,2001,10(4):25~29.
[30]彭向明,项明杰.油井结蜡机理及其在清蜡技术在靖安油田的应用[J].石油化工应用,2007(04).12~16.
[31]刘文秀.乳液型清防蜡双效剂[J].油田化学,1986,5(4):29~32.
[32]张绪明,柯克亚.凝析油气田油井使用化学清防蜡剂初探[J].新疆石油科技,1993,6(2):18~24.
[33]李永太等.油气采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999,6(3):13~16.
[34]周继德.热洗清蜡的危害及改进措施[J].石油钻采工艺,1992,5(2):20~24.
[35] [匈]费罗因德等著.石蜡产品的性质、生产及应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1988,6(2):13~17.
[36]付亚荣等.FV-1清蜡降粘剂研制与应用[J].钻采工艺,1999,3(4):62~66.
[37] LiYong .Wax Deposit Pattern of Oil Wells Wax Removal and Control Techniques in Huanxiling Oilfield liyong [J] .China Foreign Energy. 2009,14(5):16~18.
[38] General specification of paraffin inhibition and removal agent for the use of oil production [J]. Design institute of DPAB, 1997,23~25.
[39] Bernadiner, M.G., Brooklyn Polytechnic U. Advanced Asphaltene and Paraffinn Control Technology [J]. International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, New Orleans,Louisiana. 2~5 March 1993,12~16.
[40] John S. Manka, James S. Magyar, and Robert P. Smith, A Novel Method to Winterize Traditional Pour Point Depressants[ J]. Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Houston, Texas.3~6 October 1999,40~45.
[41] Johan Sjoblom. Ageing of Crude Oils and Its Influence on the Emulsion Stability[J]. colloids and surface A. Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. Volume 97, Issue 2.24 April 1995,34~36.
[42]Hans Petter Ronningsen. Water-in-crude oil emulsions from the Norwegian continentalshelf 11 [J]. colloids and surface A.Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. Volume 97, Issue 2.24 April 1995,14~16.
[43] Hans Petter R?nningsen. Rheological behaviour of gelled, waxy North Sea crude oils [J]. Journal of Petro science and engineering, May 1992,8~9.
[44] M. Dubus and H. Burlet. Rheological behaviour of a polymer ceramic blend [J]. Journal of European ceramic society. Volume 17,issue 2~3.
[45] A.M.Elsharkawy. Wax deposition from Middle East crudes [J]. Fuel,volume 79, issue 9, July 2000,21~24.