基于S3C44BOX的工业用煤成份分析仪研究
摘要
煤矸石是一种在采煤和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物,我国每年要排放大量的矸石,不仅占用大量的土地资源,而且造成环境污染。用洗中煤和矸石混烧发电,是解决污染的有效途径。国家为鼓励企业,特别是火力发电厂,积极有效使用煤与矸石混合燃料混烧发电,制定了许多优惠政策,因此如何快速、精确地定量分析混合燃料中煤与矸石的搭配比例,具有十分重要的意义。
本文首先对系统的设计原理进行深入分析,提出利用单束、低能γ射线透射法测量混合燃料组分的思想,然后介绍了基于S3C44BOX的工业用煤成份分析仪的设计原理,并详细介绍了γ射线能量信号采集电路、混合燃料质量信号采集电路以及系统的软硬件设计。
基于S3C44BOX的工业用煤成份分析仪主要由前端γ射线能量信号采集电路、混合燃料质量信号采集电路和数据处理系统等组成。γ射线能量信号采集电路对NaI探测器输出的脉冲信号进行滤波、放大、整形、脉冲幅度分析后,输入S3C44BOX的计数器进行计数。同时用一个带有标准RS-232C串口的精密电子天平同步测量混合燃料的质量信号。数据处理系统对两路输入信号计算处理后,得到混合燃料中煤与矸石的搭配比例,并将数据实时发送到LCD屏进行实时数据显示。系统还扩展了一个网络接口,可以将数据传送到远程PC,以备后期分析。在软件系统设计中,论文引入了μclinux操作系统,完成了引导加载程序Blob和操作系统的移植。重点设计了精密电子天平与S3C44BOX的串口通讯和数据的网络传输等应用程序。
系统使用方便,可配备于热电厂及监测部门的化验室,对混合燃料煤的成份进行快速定量分析。
The gangue is a kind of solid waste produced in coal mining and coal washing process. The emission of gangue in our country is large in amount every year; it not only takes up massive land resource, but also causes environmental pollution. To burn the mixture of coal and the gangue to generate electricity is the most effective way to solve the problem of pollution. Our country has made many preferential policies to encourage the enterprise, specially the Thermal power plant, to use coal and the gangue mixed fuel positively and effectively. Therefore analyzing the matching proportion of coal and gangue in the blended fuel in a fast and precise way plays a very vital role.
This thesis first gives a thorough analysis to the design principle of the system, proposed the idea to use a single beam, and low energy ? ray transmission method to measure mixed fuel components, then introduced the design principle of the industrial used coal ingredient analysis instrument, which is based on S3C44B0X, and also introduced the ? ray energy signal gathering electric circuit; the quality signal gathering electric circuit of the blended fuel as well as the software and hardware design of the system in detail.
The industrial used coal ingredient analysis instrument, based on S3C44B0X, is mainly composed by the ? ray energy signal gathering electric circuit, the quality signal gathering electric circuit of the blended fuel as well as the data processing system. The ? ray energy signal gathering electric circuit is used to filter, enlarge, reshape, and analyze the pulse signal outputted by NaI detector, and then a S3C44B0X counter is used to count. At the same time a precision electronic balance with a standard RS-232C serial port was used to simultaneously measure the quality of the signal of the mixed fuel. After the data processing system has processed and calculated the two input signal, the proportion of coal and gangue in the mixed-fuel is obtained, and real-time data is sent to the LCD screen for real-time data. This system also extends a network interface; the data can be transmitted to a remote PC, to prepare for later analysis. In software system design, this paper introducesμclinux operating system, in order to finish Blob boot loader and operating system migration. Precision Electronic Balance with S3C44B0X serial communications and data network transmission applications are focused on design.
The system is easy to use. It can be equipped with the power plant and monitoring department of the laboratory to give a rapid quantitative analysis of the composition of coal in mixed fuel.
本文首先对系统的设计原理进行深入分析,提出利用单束、低能γ射线透射法测量混合燃料组分的思想,然后介绍了基于S3C44BOX的工业用煤成份分析仪的设计原理,并详细介绍了γ射线能量信号采集电路、混合燃料质量信号采集电路以及系统的软硬件设计。
基于S3C44BOX的工业用煤成份分析仪主要由前端γ射线能量信号采集电路、混合燃料质量信号采集电路和数据处理系统等组成。γ射线能量信号采集电路对NaI探测器输出的脉冲信号进行滤波、放大、整形、脉冲幅度分析后,输入S3C44BOX的计数器进行计数。同时用一个带有标准RS-232C串口的精密电子天平同步测量混合燃料的质量信号。数据处理系统对两路输入信号计算处理后,得到混合燃料中煤与矸石的搭配比例,并将数据实时发送到LCD屏进行实时数据显示。系统还扩展了一个网络接口,可以将数据传送到远程PC,以备后期分析。在软件系统设计中,论文引入了μclinux操作系统,完成了引导加载程序Blob和操作系统的移植。重点设计了精密电子天平与S3C44BOX的串口通讯和数据的网络传输等应用程序。
系统使用方便,可配备于热电厂及监测部门的化验室,对混合燃料煤的成份进行快速定量分析。
The gangue is a kind of solid waste produced in coal mining and coal washing process. The emission of gangue in our country is large in amount every year; it not only takes up massive land resource, but also causes environmental pollution. To burn the mixture of coal and the gangue to generate electricity is the most effective way to solve the problem of pollution. Our country has made many preferential policies to encourage the enterprise, specially the Thermal power plant, to use coal and the gangue mixed fuel positively and effectively. Therefore analyzing the matching proportion of coal and gangue in the blended fuel in a fast and precise way plays a very vital role.
This thesis first gives a thorough analysis to the design principle of the system, proposed the idea to use a single beam, and low energy ? ray transmission method to measure mixed fuel components, then introduced the design principle of the industrial used coal ingredient analysis instrument, which is based on S3C44B0X, and also introduced the ? ray energy signal gathering electric circuit; the quality signal gathering electric circuit of the blended fuel as well as the software and hardware design of the system in detail.
The industrial used coal ingredient analysis instrument, based on S3C44B0X, is mainly composed by the ? ray energy signal gathering electric circuit, the quality signal gathering electric circuit of the blended fuel as well as the data processing system. The ? ray energy signal gathering electric circuit is used to filter, enlarge, reshape, and analyze the pulse signal outputted by NaI detector, and then a S3C44B0X counter is used to count. At the same time a precision electronic balance with a standard RS-232C serial port was used to simultaneously measure the quality of the signal of the mixed fuel. After the data processing system has processed and calculated the two input signal, the proportion of coal and gangue in the mixed-fuel is obtained, and real-time data is sent to the LCD screen for real-time data. This system also extends a network interface; the data can be transmitted to a remote PC, to prepare for later analysis. In software system design, this paper introducesμclinux operating system, in order to finish Blob boot loader and operating system migration. Precision Electronic Balance with S3C44B0X serial communications and data network transmission applications are focused on design.
The system is easy to use. It can be equipped with the power plant and monitoring department of the laboratory to give a rapid quantitative analysis of the composition of coal in mixed fuel.
引文
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[2]陆军.煤矸石发电是扩大煤矸石综合利用的有效途径[J].中国煤炭,2001,(7).
[3]樊凯,.煤矸石发电问题探讨[J].中国能源,1991,(11).
[4]韩成石,董长双,周西军,邢伟.煤和矸石γ-射线分选系统的研究[J].山西矿业学院学报,1997,(2).
[5]陈国杰,赵维义,朱星.基于单片机双能γ射线透射煤矸石在线识别仪[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,(2).
[6]志平,孔力,刘文中,袁树风.煤矸石在线自动分选系统的识别原理[J].煤炭科学技术,2000,(11).
[7]马永和,肖度元,罗向东.低能γ射线反散射法测量煤灰分的线性处理[J].核电子学与探测技术,1990,(6).
[8]γ射线、光谱反射法在宝石检测应用中的研究[D].郑州大学：郑州大学硕士论文.2009.
[9]丁克良,沈云中,欧吉坤,.整体最小二乘法直线拟合[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(1).
[10]Calculation of stratum surface principal curvature based on a moving least square method[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2008,(1).
[11]陈南祥,曹连海,黄强.Application of neural network model coupling with the partial least-squares method for forecasting watre yield of mine[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China),2005,(1).
[12]谢一冈,等.粒子探测器与数据获取[M]..北京,科学出版社,2004.3.
[13]敖奇,魏义祥,屈建石,.NaI谱仪数字稳谱方法设计[J].核电子学与探测技术,2009,(1).
[14]张伟征,赵书俊,张雷,孙远领.基于嵌入式Linux的SPECT探头系统设计[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007,(3).
[15]胡鹰.微分电路R、C参数分析[J].四川轻化工学院学报,1999,(4).
[16]陈思远,陈孝桢.有源微分电路设计[J].电子器件,2003,(2).
[17]George Clayton and Steve Winder, "Integrated circuit datasheets.", July,2007.
[18]陈首锋.环境γ射线检测仪[D].重庆大学：重庆大学,2009.
[19]陈国杰,赵维义,朱星.基于单片机双能γ射线透射煤矸石在线识别仪[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,(2).
[20]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用[M]..北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.10.
[21]JA型系列电子精密天平使用说明书[Z].上海恒平科学仪器有限公司,2006.,4.
[22]李海威.基于ARM的嵌入式QCM检测仪器的研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文.2009
[23]Samsung.S3C44B0X DataSheet[Z]. Samsung, September,2001.
[24]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M]..北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1.
[25]胡婧,杨景常.基于JTAG协议的ARM调试接口设计[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,(2).
[26]Guo Peiyuan, Chen Wenhua, Bao Man,Chen Yan,He Xiaoyan. Design and Implementation of Flash File System in S3C44B0X Embedded system [HY].2006.
[27]Scarpa, G. Tao, J. Dijkstra, F. G Kuper. Reliability implications in advanced embedded two-transistor-Fowler-Nordheim-NOR flash memory devices[J]. Solid-State Electronics, Volume 46, Issue 11, November 2002, Pages 1765-1773.
[28]Chih-MingHsu. PCB design improvement in the circuit between the north bridge and SDRAM through an integrated procedure[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 2978-2990.
[29]李昆,周安栋,陈斌,.基于S3C44BOX的LCD接口设计和实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2009,(6).
[30]Hawke. Flexible LCD controller [J]. Displays, Volume 13, Issue 4, October 1992, Page 213.
[31]潘宁.用ARM实现的嵌入式系统液晶屏[J].电子技术,2005,(7).
[32]Bo Tao, Han Ding, Y. L. Xiong. Design and implementation of an embedded IP sensor for distributed networking sensing[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical, Volume 119, Issue 2,13 April 2005, Pages 567-575.
[33]江小平.基于ARM和TCP/IP协议的网络测控系统的研究与设计[D].苏州大学：苏州大学,2007.
[34]刘洋.基于S3C4480的BootLoader设计与实现[D].哈尔滨理工大学：哈尔滨理工大学,2007.
[35]Graham Speake. Booting Linux[J]. Eleventh Hour Linux+,2010, Pages 29-40.
[36]李昂.基于S3C44BOX的Bootloader-BLOB移植研究[D].武汉科技大学：武汉科技大学,2009.
[37]孙传群.嵌入式操作系统(EOS)的研究、实现及其应用[D].扬州大学：扬州大学,2004.
[38]Tammy Noergaard. Embedded Operating Systems[J]. Embedded Systems Architecture,2005, Pages 383-444.
[39]Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, John Rayfield. Embedded Operating Systems[J]. ARM System Developer's Guide,2004, Pages 381-401.
[40]David Egan, Paul Zikopoulos, Chris Rogers. The Linux Operating System[M]. DBAs Guide to Databases Under Linux,2000, Pages 1-23.
[41]董国.uClinux的分析与移植[D].华东师范大学：华东师范大学,2004.
[42]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.5.
[43]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1.
[44]孙远领.基于低压电力线载波通信远程抄表集中器的研究[D].郑州大学：郑州大学硕士论文,,2008.
[2]陆军.煤矸石发电是扩大煤矸石综合利用的有效途径[J].中国煤炭,2001,(7).
[3]樊凯,.煤矸石发电问题探讨[J].中国能源,1991,(11).
[4]韩成石,董长双,周西军,邢伟.煤和矸石γ-射线分选系统的研究[J].山西矿业学院学报,1997,(2).
[5]陈国杰,赵维义,朱星.基于单片机双能γ射线透射煤矸石在线识别仪[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,(2).
[6]志平,孔力,刘文中,袁树风.煤矸石在线自动分选系统的识别原理[J].煤炭科学技术,2000,(11).
[7]马永和,肖度元,罗向东.低能γ射线反散射法测量煤灰分的线性处理[J].核电子学与探测技术,1990,(6).
[8]γ射线、光谱反射法在宝石检测应用中的研究[D].郑州大学：郑州大学硕士论文.2009.
[9]丁克良,沈云中,欧吉坤,.整体最小二乘法直线拟合[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(1).
[10]Calculation of stratum surface principal curvature based on a moving least square method[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2008,(1).
[11]陈南祥,曹连海,黄强.Application of neural network model coupling with the partial least-squares method for forecasting watre yield of mine[J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China),2005,(1).
[12]谢一冈,等.粒子探测器与数据获取[M]..北京,科学出版社,2004.3.
[13]敖奇,魏义祥,屈建石,.NaI谱仪数字稳谱方法设计[J].核电子学与探测技术,2009,(1).
[14]张伟征,赵书俊,张雷,孙远领.基于嵌入式Linux的SPECT探头系统设计[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007,(3).
[15]胡鹰.微分电路R、C参数分析[J].四川轻化工学院学报,1999,(4).
[16]陈思远,陈孝桢.有源微分电路设计[J].电子器件,2003,(2).
[17]George Clayton and Steve Winder, "Integrated circuit datasheets.", July,2007.
[18]陈首锋.环境γ射线检测仪[D].重庆大学：重庆大学,2009.
[19]陈国杰,赵维义,朱星.基于单片机双能γ射线透射煤矸石在线识别仪[J].核电子学与探测技术,2004,(2).
[20]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用[M]..北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.10.
[21]JA型系列电子精密天平使用说明书[Z].上海恒平科学仪器有限公司,2006.,4.
[22]李海威.基于ARM的嵌入式QCM检测仪器的研究[D].郑州大学硕士学位论文.2009
[23]Samsung.S3C44B0X DataSheet[Z]. Samsung, September,2001.
[24]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M]..北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1.
[25]胡婧,杨景常.基于JTAG协议的ARM调试接口设计[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,(2).
[26]Guo Peiyuan, Chen Wenhua, Bao Man,Chen Yan,He Xiaoyan. Design and Implementation of Flash File System in S3C44B0X Embedded system [HY].2006.
[27]Scarpa, G. Tao, J. Dijkstra, F. G Kuper. Reliability implications in advanced embedded two-transistor-Fowler-Nordheim-NOR flash memory devices[J]. Solid-State Electronics, Volume 46, Issue 11, November 2002, Pages 1765-1773.
[28]Chih-MingHsu. PCB design improvement in the circuit between the north bridge and SDRAM through an integrated procedure[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 37, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 2978-2990.
[29]李昆,周安栋,陈斌,.基于S3C44BOX的LCD接口设计和实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2009,(6).
[30]Hawke. Flexible LCD controller [J]. Displays, Volume 13, Issue 4, October 1992, Page 213.
[31]潘宁.用ARM实现的嵌入式系统液晶屏[J].电子技术,2005,(7).
[32]Bo Tao, Han Ding, Y. L. Xiong. Design and implementation of an embedded IP sensor for distributed networking sensing[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical, Volume 119, Issue 2,13 April 2005, Pages 567-575.
[33]江小平.基于ARM和TCP/IP协议的网络测控系统的研究与设计[D].苏州大学：苏州大学,2007.
[34]刘洋.基于S3C4480的BootLoader设计与实现[D].哈尔滨理工大学：哈尔滨理工大学,2007.
[35]Graham Speake. Booting Linux[J]. Eleventh Hour Linux+,2010, Pages 29-40.
[36]李昂.基于S3C44BOX的Bootloader-BLOB移植研究[D].武汉科技大学：武汉科技大学,2009.
[37]孙传群.嵌入式操作系统(EOS)的研究、实现及其应用[D].扬州大学：扬州大学,2004.
[38]Tammy Noergaard. Embedded Operating Systems[J]. Embedded Systems Architecture,2005, Pages 383-444.
[39]Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, John Rayfield. Embedded Operating Systems[J]. ARM System Developer's Guide,2004, Pages 381-401.
[40]David Egan, Paul Zikopoulos, Chris Rogers. The Linux Operating System[M]. DBAs Guide to Databases Under Linux,2000, Pages 1-23.
[41]董国.uClinux的分析与移植[D].华东师范大学：华东师范大学,2004.
[42]刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.5.
[43]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1.
[44]孙远领.基于低压电力线载波通信远程抄表集中器的研究[D].郑州大学：郑州大学硕士论文,,2008.