超滤过程中过滤类型分布的数学模拟
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摘要
膜分离技术是一项新型的高效分离技术,它具有工艺简单,经济性较好,没有相变,分离系数较大、节能、高效、无二次污染,可在常温下连续操作等特点。其中,超滤技术从20世纪90年代进入了工业化实用阶段,在生化、食品等领域已得到了广泛的应用,但是膜污染、浓差极化等问题引起的膜通量下降严重阻碍了超滤膜的普及应用。因此,此类问题的研究已成为专家、学者关注的热点问题。
以前对超滤膜的污染机理基于管式膜和平板膜污染机理之上的,本模型是基于王锦的超滤动态膜的数学模型和酒井的堵塞模型基础上,建立了过滤堵塞类型在过滤过程中动态分布情况的数学模型。并以造纸黑夜稀释水模拟地表水或城市二级出水为原水,主要考察了恒压条件下压力、反洗条件、快洗条件和进水水质和恒流条件下流量与反洗条件对模型参数的影响,并对模型进行了修正、验证。研究结论如下:
(1)本模型以过滤堵塞理论为基础,建立了超滤过程中过滤堵塞类型的分布模型。
(2)该模型对造成膜污染的过滤堵塞类型的分布进行了详细的分析,并对试验所得数据与模拟数据进行了比较,比较结果很接近。
(3)分析了恒压条件下不同压力、不同反洗条件和不同快洗条件,对模型参数的影响并对试验数据和模型拟合值进行了比较,结果非常接近。
(4)分析了恒流条件下不同流量和不同反洗条件,对模型参数的影响以及对试验数据和模型拟合值进行了比较,结果比较接近。
(5)研究了恒压模型参数β与单位膜面积的累积透水体积q的关系和恒流模型参数α与单位膜面积的累积透水体积q的关系。对α和β值进行了修正,并将修正值带入模型中,试验所得的数据与模型拟合数据吻合程度很好,这说明修正后的模型与实际相符合,具有较强的实用性。
Membrane separation technology is a new efficient technology. It has many advantages, such as low costs of operation and management, high separate efficiency, relatively low energy consumption, simple and no secondary pollution, the temperature in the vicinity of room temperature. UF technology has entered into the practical stage of industrialization from the 20 century 90's and was wildly used in the biochemical field, food and so on. But the problems of the membrane fouling and concentration polarization leaded to severely low water flux and impeded the universal application of UF membrane. Therefore, such issues have become the focus which the experts and scholars concern.
In the past study of UF, the description of UF fouling theory was always established on tubal membrane or plate membrane. Based on the theories which are Wang Jin's Model of UF dynamic membrane, Mathematical models of blocking filtration laws and Shi ZaiFeng's Mathematical simulation of the cross-flow filtration process, this paper established the models of blocking types distributing in UF process. Paper liquid was diluted to be used as raw water to simulated surface water or second effluent. This paper mainly researched on different pressure, different anti-wash conditions, different quick-wash conditions and raw water quality in constant pressure filtration process and flux, anti-wash condition in constant flux filtration process. Meantime, the model was amended and certificated. The main research results are as follow:
(1)Based on blocking filtration laws, a mathematical model about filtration process of blocking types distributed was established.
(2) The model detailed analyzed the distribution of the blocking types in filtration process. And compared simulation data the results of the comparison are very close.
(3) Analyzed different pressure, different anti-wash conditions, different quick-wash conditions and raw water quality in constant pressure filtration process and compared simulation data the results of the comparison are very close.
(4) Analyzed and flux, anti-wash condition in constant flux filtration process, i compared simulation data the results of the comparison are very close.
(5) this paper studied the relationship between the model valueβorαand constant membrane area and unit volume of the accumulated water of the relationship betweenq,Values ofαandβwas amended and the correct value into the model, the experiment data and model fit the data very well with the extent that this shows the model revised in line with the actual, practical and relatively strong.
以前对超滤膜的污染机理基于管式膜和平板膜污染机理之上的,本模型是基于王锦的超滤动态膜的数学模型和酒井的堵塞模型基础上,建立了过滤堵塞类型在过滤过程中动态分布情况的数学模型。并以造纸黑夜稀释水模拟地表水或城市二级出水为原水,主要考察了恒压条件下压力、反洗条件、快洗条件和进水水质和恒流条件下流量与反洗条件对模型参数的影响,并对模型进行了修正、验证。研究结论如下:
(1)本模型以过滤堵塞理论为基础,建立了超滤过程中过滤堵塞类型的分布模型。
(2)该模型对造成膜污染的过滤堵塞类型的分布进行了详细的分析,并对试验所得数据与模拟数据进行了比较,比较结果很接近。
(3)分析了恒压条件下不同压力、不同反洗条件和不同快洗条件,对模型参数的影响并对试验数据和模型拟合值进行了比较,结果非常接近。
(4)分析了恒流条件下不同流量和不同反洗条件,对模型参数的影响以及对试验数据和模型拟合值进行了比较,结果比较接近。
(5)研究了恒压模型参数β与单位膜面积的累积透水体积q的关系和恒流模型参数α与单位膜面积的累积透水体积q的关系。对α和β值进行了修正,并将修正值带入模型中,试验所得的数据与模型拟合数据吻合程度很好,这说明修正后的模型与实际相符合,具有较强的实用性。
Membrane separation technology is a new efficient technology. It has many advantages, such as low costs of operation and management, high separate efficiency, relatively low energy consumption, simple and no secondary pollution, the temperature in the vicinity of room temperature. UF technology has entered into the practical stage of industrialization from the 20 century 90's and was wildly used in the biochemical field, food and so on. But the problems of the membrane fouling and concentration polarization leaded to severely low water flux and impeded the universal application of UF membrane. Therefore, such issues have become the focus which the experts and scholars concern.
In the past study of UF, the description of UF fouling theory was always established on tubal membrane or plate membrane. Based on the theories which are Wang Jin's Model of UF dynamic membrane, Mathematical models of blocking filtration laws and Shi ZaiFeng's Mathematical simulation of the cross-flow filtration process, this paper established the models of blocking types distributing in UF process. Paper liquid was diluted to be used as raw water to simulated surface water or second effluent. This paper mainly researched on different pressure, different anti-wash conditions, different quick-wash conditions and raw water quality in constant pressure filtration process and flux, anti-wash condition in constant flux filtration process. Meantime, the model was amended and certificated. The main research results are as follow:
(1)Based on blocking filtration laws, a mathematical model about filtration process of blocking types distributed was established.
(2) The model detailed analyzed the distribution of the blocking types in filtration process. And compared simulation data the results of the comparison are very close.
(3) Analyzed different pressure, different anti-wash conditions, different quick-wash conditions and raw water quality in constant pressure filtration process and compared simulation data the results of the comparison are very close.
(4) Analyzed and flux, anti-wash condition in constant flux filtration process, i compared simulation data the results of the comparison are very close.
(5) this paper studied the relationship between the model valueβorαand constant membrane area and unit volume of the accumulated water of the relationship betweenq,Values ofαandβwas amended and the correct value into the model, the experiment data and model fit the data very well with the extent that this shows the model revised in line with the actual, practical and relatively strong.
引文
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[2] 时均等编著.化学工程手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1987
[3] 张希衡编著.水污染控制工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2004.8
[4] 王时均,袁权,高从堦.膜技术手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001:173
[5] 王旭东.基于膜结构特征和水中有机物性状的超滤膜污染模型的建立及评价研究.[D].2006
[6] 翟砚章.膜技术处理饮用水是当代重大技术突破——当代水处理新技术[J].净水技术,1998,16(1):38-51
[7] 邵刚编著.膜法水处理技术(第二版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2000.1
[8] 邱晓霞,于水利,时文歆.纳滤膜法水处理技术.2001年中日水处理技术国际交流会.
[9] 翁晓姚,周仰愿.关于超滤膜的几个问题.工业水处理[J].1997.17(1):15-17
[10]殷峻,陈英旭,膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题.环境污染治理技术与设备[J].2001,2(3):61-68
[11]G.F.Crozes., J.Gjacangelo, C.Anselme and J.M.Laine. Impact of ultrafiltration operating conditions on membrane irreversible fouling[J]. J.Membr.Sci., 1997, 124:63-76
[12]何文杰主编.安全饮用水保障技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[13]王学松编著.现代膜技术及其应用指南[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.7.
[15]J. Meier.Haack etal. A permeability-controlled microfiltration membrane for reduced fouling in drinking is drinking water treatment[J]. Wat.Res, 2003,37 :585-588
[16]王湛.膜分离技术基础[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000
[17]刘茉娥等编著.膜分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.8
[19]聂梅生.水工业工程设计手册.水资源及给水处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.12
[20]颜翠平,王成瑞,张明星.超滤膜在水处理中的应用[J].贵州化工.2006,31(2):25-29
[21]范国庆.水处理中恒流超滤分离过程的污染特性研究[D].2008.4
[22]郭小铜.操作条件及运行模式对超滤水处理过程的影响[D].2007.4
[23]郝禾田.内压式中空纤维超滤膜污染模型研究[D].2008.4
[24]郭欣怡.超滤及其组合工艺处理洗车废水试验研究.[D].2007.4
[25]许保玖,龙腾锐.当代给水与废水处理原理(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[26]高以恒,叶凌碧,膜分离技术基础[M].科学出版社,1989.
[27]张国俊,刘忠洲.膜过程中超滤膜污染机制的研究及其防治技术进展[J].膜科学与技术,2001,21(4):39-45
[28]王志等.膜过程中防治膜污染强化渗透通量技术进展[J].膜科学与技术,1999,19(1):1-5
[29]Wu D, Howell J. A., Field R. W., Pulsatile flow filtration of yeast cell debris: influence of preincubation on performance. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1993, 41:998-1002.
[30]FieId R. W., WU D, Howell J A, etal.. Critical flux concept for microfiltration fouling, Journal of Membrane Science, 1995, 100: 259-272
[31]Dornier M.., Decloux M., Lebert A., etal..Use of experimental design to establish optimal crossflow filtration conditions: application to raw cane sugar clarification.[J] Journal of Food Process Engineering, 1994,17:73-92
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