数字几何的信息隐藏技术研究
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摘要
随着数字媒体技术与Internet技术发展迅速,多媒体数据的数字化给多媒体信息的传播和处理带来了极大的便利,并极大的提高了信息表达的准确性和效率。但是数字化的数据安全问题,也就是版权保护问题也逐渐凸现出来:多媒体数据的非法传播和拷贝非常容易,而且质量不受损害。利用现有的工具和互联网,人们能够方便地获取、复制、操作和发布这些数字媒体。然而这种便利性同时也使得盗版问题日益严峻,许多作者因此不愿将他的作品以数字媒体的方式发布。数字水印技术作为信息隐藏技术的一种应用,近年来已成为多媒体信息安全研究领域的一个热点问题。它为实现有效的版权保护提供了一条崭新的思路。
当前的数字水印技术大都是针对文本、图像、视频和音频媒体数据类型的,而对三维几何模型数据的数字水印技术的研究工作则比较少。但是,随着越来越多的三维几何数据在网络上的传播和发布,对于那些在互联网中出售或提交三维几何数据产品的版权所有人或公司来说也同样将面临一些与版权相关的问题。因此,他们急需一种能够防止未经授权而非法使用数据材料的方法。数字水印技术作为一种能够防止未经版权所有人授权而非法使用他们的数据的信息版权保护手段在这个领域具有非常广泛的应用前景。
本文着力于一类正交函数系——U系统、V系统和三角域上的V系统,它们是一类由K次分段多项式构成的标准完备正交函数系,它们具有光滑正交函数系的性质和间断正交函数系的性质。利用这些性质结合数字水印技术将其用到三维几何模型信息隐藏和数字水印中。提出了基于U系统、V系统的和三角域上V系统三维几何模型的数字水印技术算法。该类算法具有以下特点:鲁棒性好,可抵抗平移,旋转,均匀缩放,加噪等一定程度的攻击;算法执行速度快,可以快速嵌入和提取水印;简单,容易实现。并提出一种三维几何模型签名用于模型认证。这种认证模式可以较好地起到版权保护和来源认证的作用。
With the digital media technology and the rapid development of Internet technology, Digitized multimedia data facilitate the distribution and processing of multimedia information and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of information presentation. But, the digitization of data security problem, that is, copyright protection issues have been highlighted by: The illegal distribution of multimedia data and copying very easy, but the quality was not compromised. Use of existing tools and the Internet, people can easily access, copy, operating and release of these digital media. However, this convenience also makes piracy increasingly serious problem, many authors will therefore not figure in his works the way the media release. In recent year, digital watermarking, which is an application of steganography, becomes a hot spot in the research field of multimedia data security, and provides a new train of thought to achieve effective protection of copyright.
The current digital watermarking technologies focuses on media data types like text, images, video and audio, the problem of watermarking three-dimensional geometric models has been researched relatively less. However, as more and more three-dimensional data distributed and released in the Internet, Accordingly, copyright owners or companies who sell or present their products in the Internet will face copyright-related problems. They urgently need a new way be able to prevent unauthorized and illegal use of their data material. Digital watermarking technology, this new information means for copyright protection in this area has a broad application prospect.
In his paper, we study a class of orthogonal function systems -U systems, V systems and V system Over Triangulated Domains. Both of them are composed by a series of piecewise polynomials of degree k, those kinds of complete orthogonal function systems have characters of smooth orthogonal functions and discontinuous orthogonal functions. Combining digital watermarking technology, these characters can be used in information hiding and digital watermarking of three-dimensional geometric model. Then, a class of digital watermarking algorithms separately based on U system, V system and V system Over Triangulated Domains of three- dimensional geometric model was introduced. These algorithms have some characteristics as follows: high robustness that can be resistance to translation, rotation, uniform scaling and processing noise, such as a certain degree of attack; carrying out with the rapid speed in embedding and extracting watermark; simple and easy implementation. At the same time, a three-dimensional geometric model of signature authentication for the model was proposed. This authentication mode has finer effect in the copyright protection and source validation.
当前的数字水印技术大都是针对文本、图像、视频和音频媒体数据类型的,而对三维几何模型数据的数字水印技术的研究工作则比较少。但是,随着越来越多的三维几何数据在网络上的传播和发布,对于那些在互联网中出售或提交三维几何数据产品的版权所有人或公司来说也同样将面临一些与版权相关的问题。因此,他们急需一种能够防止未经授权而非法使用数据材料的方法。数字水印技术作为一种能够防止未经版权所有人授权而非法使用他们的数据的信息版权保护手段在这个领域具有非常广泛的应用前景。
本文着力于一类正交函数系——U系统、V系统和三角域上的V系统,它们是一类由K次分段多项式构成的标准完备正交函数系,它们具有光滑正交函数系的性质和间断正交函数系的性质。利用这些性质结合数字水印技术将其用到三维几何模型信息隐藏和数字水印中。提出了基于U系统、V系统的和三角域上V系统三维几何模型的数字水印技术算法。该类算法具有以下特点:鲁棒性好,可抵抗平移,旋转,均匀缩放,加噪等一定程度的攻击;算法执行速度快,可以快速嵌入和提取水印;简单,容易实现。并提出一种三维几何模型签名用于模型认证。这种认证模式可以较好地起到版权保护和来源认证的作用。
With the digital media technology and the rapid development of Internet technology, Digitized multimedia data facilitate the distribution and processing of multimedia information and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of information presentation. But, the digitization of data security problem, that is, copyright protection issues have been highlighted by: The illegal distribution of multimedia data and copying very easy, but the quality was not compromised. Use of existing tools and the Internet, people can easily access, copy, operating and release of these digital media. However, this convenience also makes piracy increasingly serious problem, many authors will therefore not figure in his works the way the media release. In recent year, digital watermarking, which is an application of steganography, becomes a hot spot in the research field of multimedia data security, and provides a new train of thought to achieve effective protection of copyright.
The current digital watermarking technologies focuses on media data types like text, images, video and audio, the problem of watermarking three-dimensional geometric models has been researched relatively less. However, as more and more three-dimensional data distributed and released in the Internet, Accordingly, copyright owners or companies who sell or present their products in the Internet will face copyright-related problems. They urgently need a new way be able to prevent unauthorized and illegal use of their data material. Digital watermarking technology, this new information means for copyright protection in this area has a broad application prospect.
In his paper, we study a class of orthogonal function systems -U systems, V systems and V system Over Triangulated Domains. Both of them are composed by a series of piecewise polynomials of degree k, those kinds of complete orthogonal function systems have characters of smooth orthogonal functions and discontinuous orthogonal functions. Combining digital watermarking technology, these characters can be used in information hiding and digital watermarking of three-dimensional geometric model. Then, a class of digital watermarking algorithms separately based on U system, V system and V system Over Triangulated Domains of three- dimensional geometric model was introduced. These algorithms have some characteristics as follows: high robustness that can be resistance to translation, rotation, uniform scaling and processing noise, such as a certain degree of attack; carrying out with the rapid speed in embedding and extracting watermark; simple and easy implementation. At the same time, a three-dimensional geometric model of signature authentication for the model was proposed. This authentication mode has finer effect in the copyright protection and source validation.
引文
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[2]Bender W,Gruhi D,Morimoto N,et al.Techniques for data hiding.IBM System Journal.1996.313-336
[3]I J Cox,Matthew L.Miller,Jeffrey A.Bloom.Digital watermarking.2002
[4]刘瑞祯,谭铁牛.数字图像水印研究综述.通信学报.2000,21(8):39-48
[5]易开详,石教英,孙鑫.数字水印技术研究进展.中国图像图形学报.2001,6A(2).111-117
[6]Q Ruanaidh J J,W J bowling,F M Boland.Watermarking digital images for copyright protection.In:IEEE proceeding on Vision,Signal and Image Processing.1996,8,143(4).250-256
[7]I J Cox,Matthew L Miller.A review of watermarking and the importance of perceptual modeling.In:SPIE Proceeding on Human Vision and Electronic Imaging.1997,3016.92-99
[8]Christine I.Podilchuk,Edward J.Delp.Digital watermarking:Algorithms and applications.Signal Processing Magazine,2001,14(4):33-46
[9]G.Vovalzis,I.Pilas.The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia products.Proceedings of the IEEE,1999,87(7):1197-1207
[10]J.D.Foley,D.A.Van,S.K.Fainer,J.F.Hughes,Computer Graphics Principles and Practice,Second Edition in C,Pearson Education Inc.1996
[11]鲍虎军,金小刚,彭群生,计算机动画的算法基础,浙江大学出版社,2000
[12]Ohbuchi R,Masuda H,Aono M.Watermarking three -dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication,1998,16(4):551 - 560
[13]Praun Yeung,Boon - Lock Yeo.Fragile watermarking of three-dimensional objects [J].Proceeding of International Conference on Image Processing.vol.2.Los- Angeles:IEEE Computer Society,1998:442 - 446
[14]Benedens O.Two high capacity methods for embedding public watermarks into 3D polygonal models.Proceedings of the Multimedia and Security -Workshop at ACM Multimedia 99 Orlando,Florida,1999:95 - 99
[15]Benedens O.Geometry - based watermarking of 3 D models[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1999:46 - 55
[16]Praun E.,Hoppe H.Finkelstein Adam.Robust mesh watermarking[C].SIGGRAPH'99 Proceedings.1999:69 - 76
[17]Wagner M G.Robust watermarking of polygonal meshes.Proc Geometric Modeling&Processing,HongKong,April 10-12,2000:201-208
[18]KangKang Yin,Zhigeng Pan,Jiaoying Shi,David Zhang.Robust meshwatermarking based on multiresolution processing[J].Computers &Graphics,2001,25:409- 420
[19]Ohbuchi R,Takahashi S,Miyazawa T,et all.Watermarking 3D polygonal meshes in the mesh spectral domain[A]In:Proceedings of Graphics Interface[C]San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann Publisher,2001:9-17
[20]喻志强,叶豪盛,赵荣椿,梁爽,夏晓清.稳健的三角形网格数字水印技术.计算机应用,2002,22(9):94-96
[2l]喻志强,赵荣椿,叶豪盛,梁爽.自适应于局部几何特征的三维模型水印算法.计算机工程与应用,2002:(22):23-27
[22]Kalivas A.,Tefas A.,Pitas I..Watermarking of 3D models using principal component analysis.IEEE Intenrational Conference on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing(ICASSP'03),Apirl 6 -10,2003,5:676-679
[23]李黎.数字图像和三维几何模型水印技术研究.浙江大学博士论文,2004
[24]张静,郑国勤.基于几何特征的三维网格数字水印算法.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2005,17(4):740-74
[25]汪小帆,戴跃伟,茅耀斌.信息隐藏技术--方法与应用,北京:机械工业出版社,2001
[26]Stefan Katzenbeisser,Fabien A.P.Petitcolas,吴秋新等译.Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[27]Fahicn A.P.Petitcolas,Ross J.Anderson,Markus G.Kuhn.Information Hiding-Survey[J]
[28]Boney L,Tewfik A H,Hamdy Kn.Digital watermarks for audio signals[A].International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems[C].Hiroshima,Japan,1996
[29]Wang Y.A New WaterMarking Method of Digital Audio Content for Copyright Protection[A].Pro of ICSP' 98[C],1998
[30]Bassia P,Pitas.Robust Audio Waterking in the Time Domain.Proceeding of EUSIPCO' 98[C].Rhodesk,Greece,1998
[31]Swanson M D,Zhu B,Tewfikah,et al.Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking[J].Signal Processing.1998,66(3):337-335
[32]Serdean C V,et al.DWT-based high-capacity blind video watermarking,invarant to geometrical attacks[J].IEEE Proc-Vis Image Signal Process,2003,150(1):51-58
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