最新软件技术在自动化监控领域中的应用研究
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摘要
第三次工业革命是信息技术的飞速发展带来的，计算机技术特别是软件技术的快速发展，对各行各业施加着巨大的影响。随着市场竞争的加剧，工业自动化领域的应用也受到了软件技术的巨大冲击，国内在自动化监控软件的开发与应用方面落后于国外很多，市场基本上被国外大公司占有。现有的自动化监控软件主要存在如下一些缺陷如：功能单一，集成度低，接口专用，开放性差，适应性差，可重用程度低，稳定性差等。把先进的软件技术尽快地应用到工业自动化软件的设计与开发中是非常迫切和必须的。
本文着重展开软件技术在自动化监控领域中的应用研究。在总结和研究了主要的分布式组件技术COM／DCOM和OPC标准的基础上，提出了基于分布式组件技术的自动化监控软件设计模式，设计开发了数据接口软件、通用多服务器客户端浏览器软件和天然气流量计算软件，取得了显著的应用成果。并且提出设计了通用监控组态软件的体系结构。本文的主要工作概括如下：
1)首先详细地论述了分布式组件技术的发展历史，COM／DCOM组件模型规范、原理及其在工业自动化中的应用。然后论述了COM技术在工业自动化领域的著名应用—OPC规范的基本原理、制定的背景、应用框架及其在工业自动化领域中的应用。提出利用COM／DCOM／OPC等技术设计具有分布式、组件化特点的自动化监控软件的主要思想。
2)针对现场过程系统中开放性差、适应性弱等问题，设计开发了基于OPC技术的两个应用软件组件，即数据接口软件JX Extend和通用多服务器客户端浏览器软件Clienz View。两者都用于实现通用的数据接口功能，已经在生产过程中得到实际应用。
3)介绍了OPC技术应用于天然气流量计算的实现过程，设计开发了基于SY／T6143《天然气流量的标准孔板计量方法》标准的天然气流量计算软件。该软件在新疆某输气管道项目和成都某天然气项目中都获得了成功应用。
4)针对自动化监控软件的无法重用和稳定性差等问题，基于各种最新软件技术，设计了过程控制系统的通用监控组态软件的体系结构。并且分析了监控组态软件的应用范围和可能的应用趋势。
最后，在总结全文的基础上，提出了若干有待进一步深入研究和探索的问题。
The fast development of information technology bring us the third industrial revolution. The every kind of industry are influenced greatly by software technology. Our national industry of industrial automation software has dropped behind others very much and the market is primarily hold by those big oversea companies. There are several limiations in existing automation software as follows: low integration, appropriative drive with poor openability, inflexible structure with poor adaptability and low reusability. It is very importmant and necessary to apply those advanced software technology into the design of industrial automation software.
This paper mainly studies the design and development of automation software based on advanced software technology. The paper summarized and studied the distributed component technique, e.g. COM/DCOM and OPC protocol, and then put forward the design mode of automation software. Afterwards, the data interface software, the client explorer for more server software and computing natural gas flow software have been designed and developed based on COM/OPC technique. Most of the research results presented in the paper have been successsully applied in a lot of projects. Meanwhile the system structure of Supervisory and Configuration Software was research and designed. The research works can be summarized as follows:
1) The history of distribued componene technique, the COM/DCOM specification and its application in industrial automation have been dissertated in detail. Then, the well-known realization of applying COM/DCOM in industry automation, e.g. OPC, has been discussed about its basic principle, special background, application framework and its application in industry automation. In conclusion, the method of using COM/DCOM/OPC to design Supervisory software has been brought forward.
2) Contraposed the poor openability and adaptability of field process control system, the data interface software and the client explorer for more server software have been developed. Those software have been successfully applied in many projects.
3) OPC technique was applied in computing natural gas flow, we designed the computing natural gas flow software based on SY/T6143 {Standard orifice measurement methods for natural gas flow)) . This software has been successfully used to both some pipeline of natural gas of Xinjiang and some item of natural gas of Chengdu Jiajiang.
4) Contraposed the low reusability and poor stability of automonitor software, the system structure of Supervisory and Configuration Software was research and designed.
Finally, on the basis of the summarization of the research work in this dissertation, the further development about automation software if discussed.
本文着重展开软件技术在自动化监控领域中的应用研究。在总结和研究了主要的分布式组件技术COM／DCOM和OPC标准的基础上，提出了基于分布式组件技术的自动化监控软件设计模式，设计开发了数据接口软件、通用多服务器客户端浏览器软件和天然气流量计算软件，取得了显著的应用成果。并且提出设计了通用监控组态软件的体系结构。本文的主要工作概括如下：
1)首先详细地论述了分布式组件技术的发展历史，COM／DCOM组件模型规范、原理及其在工业自动化中的应用。然后论述了COM技术在工业自动化领域的著名应用—OPC规范的基本原理、制定的背景、应用框架及其在工业自动化领域中的应用。提出利用COM／DCOM／OPC等技术设计具有分布式、组件化特点的自动化监控软件的主要思想。
2)针对现场过程系统中开放性差、适应性弱等问题，设计开发了基于OPC技术的两个应用软件组件，即数据接口软件JX Extend和通用多服务器客户端浏览器软件Clienz View。两者都用于实现通用的数据接口功能，已经在生产过程中得到实际应用。
3)介绍了OPC技术应用于天然气流量计算的实现过程，设计开发了基于SY／T6143《天然气流量的标准孔板计量方法》标准的天然气流量计算软件。该软件在新疆某输气管道项目和成都某天然气项目中都获得了成功应用。
4)针对自动化监控软件的无法重用和稳定性差等问题，基于各种最新软件技术，设计了过程控制系统的通用监控组态软件的体系结构。并且分析了监控组态软件的应用范围和可能的应用趋势。
最后，在总结全文的基础上，提出了若干有待进一步深入研究和探索的问题。
The fast development of information technology bring us the third industrial revolution. The every kind of industry are influenced greatly by software technology. Our national industry of industrial automation software has dropped behind others very much and the market is primarily hold by those big oversea companies. There are several limiations in existing automation software as follows: low integration, appropriative drive with poor openability, inflexible structure with poor adaptability and low reusability. It is very importmant and necessary to apply those advanced software technology into the design of industrial automation software.
This paper mainly studies the design and development of automation software based on advanced software technology. The paper summarized and studied the distributed component technique, e.g. COM/DCOM and OPC protocol, and then put forward the design mode of automation software. Afterwards, the data interface software, the client explorer for more server software and computing natural gas flow software have been designed and developed based on COM/OPC technique. Most of the research results presented in the paper have been successsully applied in a lot of projects. Meanwhile the system structure of Supervisory and Configuration Software was research and designed. The research works can be summarized as follows:
1) The history of distribued componene technique, the COM/DCOM specification and its application in industrial automation have been dissertated in detail. Then, the well-known realization of applying COM/DCOM in industry automation, e.g. OPC, has been discussed about its basic principle, special background, application framework and its application in industry automation. In conclusion, the method of using COM/DCOM/OPC to design Supervisory software has been brought forward.
2) Contraposed the poor openability and adaptability of field process control system, the data interface software and the client explorer for more server software have been developed. Those software have been successfully applied in many projects.
3) OPC technique was applied in computing natural gas flow, we designed the computing natural gas flow software based on SY/T6143 {Standard orifice measurement methods for natural gas flow)) . This software has been successfully used to both some pipeline of natural gas of Xinjiang and some item of natural gas of Chengdu Jiajiang.
4) Contraposed the low reusability and poor stability of automonitor software, the system structure of Supervisory and Configuration Software was research and designed.
Finally, on the basis of the summarization of the research work in this dissertation, the further development about automation software if discussed.
引文
[1] Roger S. Pressman (1997). Software Engineering, A Practioner's Approach, Fourth Edition, MxGraw-Hill
[2] Mark T. Hoske(2000). How to integrate software. Control Engineering, 47(12):77-80
[3] Pressman, R.S,and S.R.Herron (1991).Software Shock,Dorset House
[4] 庞丽萍，印雯(1996)，软件开发基础：面向对象技术玉操作系统虚拟机。高等教育出版社
[5] 张海藩(2000)，软件工程导论，清华大学出版社
[6] Osborne,A.(1979). Running Wild-The Next Industrial Revolition. McGraw Hill
[7] Toffler,A.(1980). The Third Wave. Morrow
[8] Toffler,A.(1990). Powershift. Bantam
[9] Hammer, M, and J. Champy (1993). Reengineering the Corporation. HarperCollins
[10] 一东(2001)，服务创造客户价值。软件世界，9：29
[11] Pressman, R.S,and S.R.Herron(1991).Software Shock,Dorset House
[12] 李敏(2000)，过程信息集成的分布式支撑平台。化工自动化及仪表，27(5)：1—4
[13] Dave Harrold(2000). Next generation control system technologys promote solutions. Control Engineering,47(1):32-39
[14] Mark T. Hoske(1999). Microsoft DNA for Manufacturing creates framework for software tools. Control Engineering,46(2):71-74
[15] Doyle Broom(2000). The best practices process. Control Engineering,47(10):73-76
[16] Orfali, R, Harkey, D.(1997).Edwards,J.Instant CORBA,Wiley
[17] 陶再平，陈奇，俞瑞钊(1999)，三层结构模型应用的研究。电脑与信息技术，6：4—6
[18] Roger S. Pressman (1997). Software Engineering, A Practioner's Approach, Fourth Edition, MxGraw-Hill
[19] 王德康 分布式先进控制软件技术与应用 浙江大学博士学位论文 2001．8，32-35
[20] Guy Eddon，Henry Eddon著，希望图书创作室译(2000)，COM+编程技术内幕，北京希望电子出版社
[21] Robot J．Oberg著，刘谦，苏建平译(2001)，深入学习：COM+高级编程。电子工业出版社
[22] Peter Coffee (2000)，PC技术的发展，-eWeek，4(34)：7—8
[23] 国家自然科学基金委员会 自动化科学与技术 北京 科学出版社 1995 65—70
[24] 宋健(2000)，控制论科学与技术革命。自动化科学与技术，科学出版社，2000：184—196
[25] 朱明凯(2001)，浅谈“十五”期间我国仪器仪表工业的发展。自动化博览，3：3—7
[26]王骥程，祝和云(1991)，化工过程控制工程。化学工业出版社。30—33
[27]邹志云(1999)，面向21世纪的化工过程控制技术。石油化工自动化，5：2—5
[28]林伟璐，钱宇，李秀喜，郑秀玉(2000)，化工过程集成运行系统的研究。化工自动化及仪表，27(1)：1—3
[29]杨友麒(2001)，从CIMS走向供应链的动态优化。计算机与应用化学，18(1)：1—11
[30]国家863/CIMS主题专家组(2001)，长炼炼油化工公司CIMS应用工程，国家高技术研究发展计划863/CIMS主题—应用示范企业汇编：271—275
[31]侍洪涛，汪婕，侍洪波(2001)，流程工业CIPS的设计与实施问题探讨。世界仪表与自动化，5(8)：35—36
[32]林伟璐，钱宇，李秀喜，郑秀玉(2000)，化工过程集成运行系统的研究。化工自动化及仪表，27(1)：3—4
[33]Gerald Schickhuber, Olier McCarthy(1997). Distributed fieldbus and control network systems. Computer and Control Engineering Journal
[34]Control Magazine(1999).OPC supplement,toolkits&compliance testing.
[35]李俊，吴福明，孙德敏(2000)，一种基于Web技术的新型DCS结构与实现。自动化博览，17(4)：32—34
[36]许宝祥，鲍立威，钱积新(1998)，新技术的应用及其对DCS的影响。石油化工自动化，6：25—28
[37]C.Pedersen,T. Hoffman(1997).The road to advanced process control:from DOC to real-time optimization and beyond.Preprints of IFAC ADCHEM,Banff, Canda, 7:9-11
[38]Hopper, M.D.(1990)."Rattling SABRE,New Ways to Compete on Information",Harvard Business Review
[39]贺秉恩(1999)，CIMS是开启21世纪经济腾飞之门的“金钥匙”。石油化工自动化，2：28—3
[40]许永令(1999)，流程工业计算机集成制造发展近况。先进控制系统和仪表装置应用学术交流会论文集
[41]王常力，罗安主编(1996)，集散型控制系统的选型与应用。清华大学出版社
[42]Mark T. Hoske(1998). Objects make software behave like hardware. Control Engineering,45(13):70-78
[43]吴朝晖，应晶，何志钧(2000)，基于构件的框架式开发方法及其重用库系统。计算机工程与应用，36：93—94
[44]曾宇，张海盛(2001)，基于CORBA组件技术的三层数据访问。计算机应用，21(5)：41—43
[45]董丽，李京华，王克宏(2000)，基于CORBA的Web计算机体系结构的研究。清华大学学报，40(9)：82—85
[46]David S.Platt(1999). Unserstanding COM+. Microsoft Corporation
[47]R.Otte, P. Patrick, M.Roy(1998). Understanding CORBA:the common object request broker architecture. Prentice Hall PTR
[48]Randy Abernethy著，汪浩等译(2000), COM/DCOM技术内幕。电子工业
[2] Mark T. Hoske(2000). How to integrate software. Control Engineering, 47(12):77-80
[3] Pressman, R.S,and S.R.Herron (1991).Software Shock,Dorset House
[4] 庞丽萍，印雯(1996)，软件开发基础：面向对象技术玉操作系统虚拟机。高等教育出版社
[5] 张海藩(2000)，软件工程导论，清华大学出版社
[6] Osborne,A.(1979). Running Wild-The Next Industrial Revolition. McGraw Hill
[7] Toffler,A.(1980). The Third Wave. Morrow
[8] Toffler,A.(1990). Powershift. Bantam
[9] Hammer, M, and J. Champy (1993). Reengineering the Corporation. HarperCollins
[10] 一东(2001)，服务创造客户价值。软件世界，9：29
[11] Pressman, R.S,and S.R.Herron(1991).Software Shock,Dorset House
[12] 李敏(2000)，过程信息集成的分布式支撑平台。化工自动化及仪表，27(5)：1—4
[13] Dave Harrold(2000). Next generation control system technologys promote solutions. Control Engineering,47(1):32-39
[14] Mark T. Hoske(1999). Microsoft DNA for Manufacturing creates framework for software tools. Control Engineering,46(2):71-74
[15] Doyle Broom(2000). The best practices process. Control Engineering,47(10):73-76
[16] Orfali, R, Harkey, D.(1997).Edwards,J.Instant CORBA,Wiley
[17] 陶再平，陈奇，俞瑞钊(1999)，三层结构模型应用的研究。电脑与信息技术，6：4—6
[18] Roger S. Pressman (1997). Software Engineering, A Practioner's Approach, Fourth Edition, MxGraw-Hill
[19] 王德康 分布式先进控制软件技术与应用 浙江大学博士学位论文 2001．8，32-35
[20] Guy Eddon，Henry Eddon著，希望图书创作室译(2000)，COM+编程技术内幕，北京希望电子出版社
[21] Robot J．Oberg著，刘谦，苏建平译(2001)，深入学习：COM+高级编程。电子工业出版社
[22] Peter Coffee (2000)，PC技术的发展，-eWeek，4(34)：7—8
[23] 国家自然科学基金委员会 自动化科学与技术 北京 科学出版社 1995 65—70
[24] 宋健(2000)，控制论科学与技术革命。自动化科学与技术，科学出版社，2000：184—196
[25] 朱明凯(2001)，浅谈“十五”期间我国仪器仪表工业的发展。自动化博览，3：3—7
[26]王骥程，祝和云(1991)，化工过程控制工程。化学工业出版社。30—33
[27]邹志云(1999)，面向21世纪的化工过程控制技术。石油化工自动化，5：2—5
[28]林伟璐，钱宇，李秀喜，郑秀玉(2000)，化工过程集成运行系统的研究。化工自动化及仪表，27(1)：1—3
[29]杨友麒(2001)，从CIMS走向供应链的动态优化。计算机与应用化学，18(1)：1—11
[30]国家863/CIMS主题专家组(2001)，长炼炼油化工公司CIMS应用工程，国家高技术研究发展计划863/CIMS主题—应用示范企业汇编：271—275
[31]侍洪涛，汪婕，侍洪波(2001)，流程工业CIPS的设计与实施问题探讨。世界仪表与自动化，5(8)：35—36
[32]林伟璐，钱宇，李秀喜，郑秀玉(2000)，化工过程集成运行系统的研究。化工自动化及仪表，27(1)：3—4
[33]Gerald Schickhuber, Olier McCarthy(1997). Distributed fieldbus and control network systems. Computer and Control Engineering Journal
[34]Control Magazine(1999).OPC supplement,toolkits&compliance testing.
[35]李俊，吴福明，孙德敏(2000)，一种基于Web技术的新型DCS结构与实现。自动化博览，17(4)：32—34
[36]许宝祥，鲍立威，钱积新(1998)，新技术的应用及其对DCS的影响。石油化工自动化，6：25—28
[37]C.Pedersen,T. Hoffman(1997).The road to advanced process control:from DOC to real-time optimization and beyond.Preprints of IFAC ADCHEM,Banff, Canda, 7:9-11
[38]Hopper, M.D.(1990)."Rattling SABRE,New Ways to Compete on Information",Harvard Business Review
[39]贺秉恩(1999)，CIMS是开启21世纪经济腾飞之门的“金钥匙”。石油化工自动化，2：28—3
[40]许永令(1999)，流程工业计算机集成制造发展近况。先进控制系统和仪表装置应用学术交流会论文集
[41]王常力，罗安主编(1996)，集散型控制系统的选型与应用。清华大学出版社
[42]Mark T. Hoske(1998). Objects make software behave like hardware. Control Engineering,45(13):70-78
[43]吴朝晖，应晶，何志钧(2000)，基于构件的框架式开发方法及其重用库系统。计算机工程与应用，36：93—94
[44]曾宇，张海盛(2001)，基于CORBA组件技术的三层数据访问。计算机应用，21(5)：41—43
[45]董丽，李京华，王克宏(2000)，基于CORBA的Web计算机体系结构的研究。清华大学学报，40(9)：82—85
[46]David S.Platt(1999). Unserstanding COM+. Microsoft Corporation
[47]R.Otte, P. Patrick, M.Roy(1998). Understanding CORBA:the common object request broker architecture. Prentice Hall PTR
[48]Randy Abernethy著，汪浩等译(2000), COM/DCOM技术内幕。电子工业