基于J2EE的ERP系统研究与应用
摘要
人类社会已进入信息时代。信息技术的迅速发展加快了制造企业的现代化与信息化的进程。计算机技术与管理科学的结合促进了现代企业管理技术的形成。现代企业管理技术的目的是通过现代管理模式与计算机管理信息系统支持企业合理、系统地管理经营与生产，最大限度地发挥现有设备、资源、人、技术的作用，最大限度地产生企业经济效益。
在物料需求计划MRP(Material Requirements Planning)和制造资源计划MRPⅡ(Manufacturing Resource Planning)发展基础上产生了企业资源计划ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)。ERP是一个集合企业内部的所有资源，进行有效的计划和控制，以达到最大效益的集成化管理信息系统。
随着计算机技术的发展，ERP系统由最初的主机系统向客户/服务器模式转变。基于C／S结构的ERP取得了较多的成功应用。但是越来越多的计算机系统由于三层式系统具有更好的扩展性，将原有的客户/服务器结构改为三层式／多层式机构。而Web技术的提出，越来越多的ERP系统开始转向基于Web的架构，浏览器成为三层／多层结构实质上的客户端。
针对这种需求，Sun公司提出了J2EE平台。J2EE是一种利用Java2平台来简化企业解决方案的开发、部署和管理相关的复杂问题的体系结构。J2EE体系结构提供中间层集成框架用来满足无需太多费用而又需要高可用性、高可靠性以及可扩展性的应用的需求。
本文提出基于J2EE的ERP应用系统，以三种基本概念方式来划分应用系统：传统的模块分解方式；模型-视图-控制器MVC(Model-View-Controller)体系结构；多层体系结构。这样整个系统成为一个多层的组件系统，以实现系统横向、纵向之间的弱耦合，使系统具备了灵活性、可重用性、可测性、可扩展性。
本文分三部分，第一章为第一部分，介绍了ERP系统的概念及其发展趋势。第二、三章为第二部分，介绍了ERP的历史发展过程、概念和思想内涵；应用体系结构发展过程；J2EE平台概念及其体系结构。第四、五章为第三部分，着重讨论了基于J2EE的ERP系统的设计和实现，还提出了使用J2EE设计模式进行系统性能优化。
In the wake of the herald of information age, the rapid development of information technology speeds up the process of modernization of manufacturing industry. And the combination of computer technology and administration advances the formation of modern administration skills. By way of modern administration model and computer information system, modem administration skills aim to give full play to existing equipments, resources, manpower and technology and therefore produce economic benefit to the full.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is emerged based on the development of MRP (Material Requirements Planning) and MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning). And ERP is an integrated management information system which aggregates, plans and controls effectively all the resources inside an enterprise to get biggest benefit.
With the development of computer technology, the software system architecture adopts Client/Server architecture instead of mainframe architecture, and many ERPs in C/S architecture have made success. Currently, more and more systems move to the 3-tier or multi-tier system because the latter one shows better in scalability and reusability together with the emerging of Web technology, which makes web browsers the de facto client tier of m-tier system.
Sun Microsystem Inc. provides J2EE platform for this requirement. J2EE is an architecture which is used to simplify the complications of development, deployment and management of enterprise solutions. J2EE architecture supplies middle-tier integrated framework to satisfy the requirement which needs a little cost but high availablity, high reliability and extensiblity.
This thesis presents J2EE-based ERP system. My design partitions the application in three basic conceptual ways:Model-View-Controller(MVC) architecture,multi-tier architecture and traditional modular decomposition. These make the whole system become a multi-tier component system, loose-couple horizontally and vertically, provide flexibility, reusability, testability and extensibility.
This thesis consists of three parts. The first part introduces the concept and trend of ERP system. The second part introduces the concept, development and intention of
ERP; development of application architecture; concept and architecture of J2EE platform. The third part emphasizes the design and implementation of a J2EE-based ERP system, and presents the J2EE design pattern to optimize system's performance.
在物料需求计划MRP(Material Requirements Planning)和制造资源计划MRPⅡ(Manufacturing Resource Planning)发展基础上产生了企业资源计划ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)。ERP是一个集合企业内部的所有资源，进行有效的计划和控制，以达到最大效益的集成化管理信息系统。
随着计算机技术的发展，ERP系统由最初的主机系统向客户/服务器模式转变。基于C／S结构的ERP取得了较多的成功应用。但是越来越多的计算机系统由于三层式系统具有更好的扩展性，将原有的客户/服务器结构改为三层式／多层式机构。而Web技术的提出，越来越多的ERP系统开始转向基于Web的架构，浏览器成为三层／多层结构实质上的客户端。
针对这种需求，Sun公司提出了J2EE平台。J2EE是一种利用Java2平台来简化企业解决方案的开发、部署和管理相关的复杂问题的体系结构。J2EE体系结构提供中间层集成框架用来满足无需太多费用而又需要高可用性、高可靠性以及可扩展性的应用的需求。
本文提出基于J2EE的ERP应用系统，以三种基本概念方式来划分应用系统：传统的模块分解方式；模型-视图-控制器MVC(Model-View-Controller)体系结构；多层体系结构。这样整个系统成为一个多层的组件系统，以实现系统横向、纵向之间的弱耦合，使系统具备了灵活性、可重用性、可测性、可扩展性。
本文分三部分，第一章为第一部分，介绍了ERP系统的概念及其发展趋势。第二、三章为第二部分，介绍了ERP的历史发展过程、概念和思想内涵；应用体系结构发展过程；J2EE平台概念及其体系结构。第四、五章为第三部分，着重讨论了基于J2EE的ERP系统的设计和实现，还提出了使用J2EE设计模式进行系统性能优化。
In the wake of the herald of information age, the rapid development of information technology speeds up the process of modernization of manufacturing industry. And the combination of computer technology and administration advances the formation of modern administration skills. By way of modern administration model and computer information system, modem administration skills aim to give full play to existing equipments, resources, manpower and technology and therefore produce economic benefit to the full.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is emerged based on the development of MRP (Material Requirements Planning) and MRPII (Manufacturing Resource Planning). And ERP is an integrated management information system which aggregates, plans and controls effectively all the resources inside an enterprise to get biggest benefit.
With the development of computer technology, the software system architecture adopts Client/Server architecture instead of mainframe architecture, and many ERPs in C/S architecture have made success. Currently, more and more systems move to the 3-tier or multi-tier system because the latter one shows better in scalability and reusability together with the emerging of Web technology, which makes web browsers the de facto client tier of m-tier system.
Sun Microsystem Inc. provides J2EE platform for this requirement. J2EE is an architecture which is used to simplify the complications of development, deployment and management of enterprise solutions. J2EE architecture supplies middle-tier integrated framework to satisfy the requirement which needs a little cost but high availablity, high reliability and extensiblity.
This thesis presents J2EE-based ERP system. My design partitions the application in three basic conceptual ways:Model-View-Controller(MVC) architecture,multi-tier architecture and traditional modular decomposition. These make the whole system become a multi-tier component system, loose-couple horizontally and vertically, provide flexibility, reusability, testability and extensibility.
This thesis consists of three parts. The first part introduces the concept and trend of ERP system. The second part introduces the concept, development and intention of
ERP; development of application architecture; concept and architecture of J2EE platform. The third part emphasizes the design and implementation of a J2EE-based ERP system, and presents the J2EE design pattern to optimize system's performance.
引文
[1] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vissides著，李英军，马晓星，蔡敏，刘建中等译。设计模式 可复用面向对象软件的基础。机械工业出版社。2000．9
[2] 阙雪松。CIMS中基于EJB的计算机辅助质量系统。浙江大学硕士学位论文。2001．1
[3] 张毅。企业资源计划。电子工业出版社。2001．9
[4] 张毅编著。制造资源计划MRP-Ⅱ及其应用。清华大学出版社。1997．9
[5] 徐晓飞。ERP技术与应用发展综述。http://www.erp.com.cn/erp/erp_application_0728.htm
[6] 杭州远东计算机系统工程公司。企业资源管理系统概论ERP & MRP-Ⅱ。1999．11
[7] Paul J. Perrone, et al. 著，张志伟 谭郁松 张明杰译。J2EE构建企业系统。清华大学出版社。2001．6
[8] Vlada Matena, Beth Stearns 著，瞿裕忠、陆海涛、彭晓晖、尚云飞等译。J2EE平台上的EJB组件开发。机械工业出版社。2001．8
[9] Ed Roman, Scott Ambler, Tyler Jewell. Mastering Enterprise JavaBeans~TM 2nd. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002
[10] 刘湛。J2EE 全面简介。http://www.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/java/j2ee/index.shtml。2001.7
[11] Chad Vawter, Ed Roman. J2EE vs. Microsoft. NET A comparison of building XML-based web services, http://www.middleware-company.com/. 2001.6
[12] James Kao. Developer's Guide to Building XML-based Web Services. http://www.middleware-company.com/. 2001.6
[13] Richard Monson-Haefel。全面研读 EJB 2.0。2000.6
[14] Enterprise JavaBeans 101: Server-Side Components. Gilda Pour. http://www.umlchina.com/CBD/enterpri.htm. 2000.4
[15] Monica Pawlan. J2EE Blueprints Digest. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2EE/DesignEntApps/ 2002.1
[16] Vijay S. Ramachandran. Design Patterns for Optimizing the Performance of J2EE Applications. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2EE/J2EEpatterns/ 2001.12
[17] Jim Farley, Edward Ort. Java~TM 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EETM) vs.. NET. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/community/chat/JavaLive/2OO2/j10115.html. 2002.1
[18] Sun Microsystems, Inc. J2EE Design Patterns. http://java.sun.com/blueprints/patterns/j2ee_patterns/index.html.
[19] Beth Stearns. Migrating from Enterprise JavaBeans(EJB) 1.1 to 2.0. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/ebeans/ejbmigrate/. 2001.9
[20] GemStone Systems, Inc. How to Build a Really Distributed J2EE System Using Tools You Have Around the Office. 2000.2
[21] Quoin Inc. Distributed Computing Overview. 1998
[22] Sun Microsystems, Inc. Java Pet Store Architectural Overview. http://java.sun.com/blueprints/code/jps11/archoverview.html. 2001
[23] Sun Microsystems, Inc. The J2EE Tutorial. http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/
[24] http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/
[25] http://java.sun.com/products/rmi
[26] http://java.sun.com/j2ee
[27] http://java.sun.com/bluepfints/
[28] 高全泉。企业级分布计算的基本需求及中间件技术。计算机科学。2001年28卷第8期
[29] 李真文，杨学良。J2EE在网站建设中的应用。计算机科学。2001年28卷第5期
[30] 李磊，王怀明。CORBA与EJB集成技术的研究。计算机科学。2001年28卷第6期
[31] 沈延森，姜梅，丁秋林。CIMS系统集成详细设计。计算机工程。2001年27卷第5期
[32] 钱旭，柳莺，刘方鑫。基于供应链的企业信息系统集成设计。计算机工程。2001年27卷第6期
[33] 张大斌，朱绍文，熊伟，朱中煜。电子商务技术及其发展趋势。计算机工程。2001年27卷第9期
[34] 刘建勋，张申生，徐建波。PIP：供应链与B2B电子商务的实现规范。计算机工程。2001年27卷第9期
[35] 余军和，祁国宁，吴昭同，顾新建。PDM与ERP系统集成方法及应用研究。计算机集成制造系统—CIMS。2001年7卷第6期
[2] 阙雪松。CIMS中基于EJB的计算机辅助质量系统。浙江大学硕士学位论文。2001．1
[3] 张毅。企业资源计划。电子工业出版社。2001．9
[4] 张毅编著。制造资源计划MRP-Ⅱ及其应用。清华大学出版社。1997．9
[5] 徐晓飞。ERP技术与应用发展综述。http://www.erp.com.cn/erp/erp_application_0728.htm
[6] 杭州远东计算机系统工程公司。企业资源管理系统概论ERP & MRP-Ⅱ。1999．11
[7] Paul J. Perrone, et al. 著，张志伟 谭郁松 张明杰译。J2EE构建企业系统。清华大学出版社。2001．6
[8] Vlada Matena, Beth Stearns 著，瞿裕忠、陆海涛、彭晓晖、尚云飞等译。J2EE平台上的EJB组件开发。机械工业出版社。2001．8
[9] Ed Roman, Scott Ambler, Tyler Jewell. Mastering Enterprise JavaBeans~TM 2nd. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002
[10] 刘湛。J2EE 全面简介。http://www.cn.ibm.com/developerWorks/java/j2ee/index.shtml。2001.7
[11] Chad Vawter, Ed Roman. J2EE vs. Microsoft. NET A comparison of building XML-based web services, http://www.middleware-company.com/. 2001.6
[12] James Kao. Developer's Guide to Building XML-based Web Services. http://www.middleware-company.com/. 2001.6
[13] Richard Monson-Haefel。全面研读 EJB 2.0。2000.6
[14] Enterprise JavaBeans 101: Server-Side Components. Gilda Pour. http://www.umlchina.com/CBD/enterpri.htm. 2000.4
[15] Monica Pawlan. J2EE Blueprints Digest. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2EE/DesignEntApps/ 2002.1
[16] Vijay S. Ramachandran. Design Patterns for Optimizing the Performance of J2EE Applications. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2EE/J2EEpatterns/ 2001.12
[17] Jim Farley, Edward Ort. Java~TM 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EETM) vs.. NET. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/community/chat/JavaLive/2OO2/j10115.html. 2002.1
[18] Sun Microsystems, Inc. J2EE Design Patterns. http://java.sun.com/blueprints/patterns/j2ee_patterns/index.html.
[19] Beth Stearns. Migrating from Enterprise JavaBeans(EJB) 1.1 to 2.0. http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/ebeans/ejbmigrate/. 2001.9
[20] GemStone Systems, Inc. How to Build a Really Distributed J2EE System Using Tools You Have Around the Office. 2000.2
[21] Quoin Inc. Distributed Computing Overview. 1998
[22] Sun Microsystems, Inc. Java Pet Store Architectural Overview. http://java.sun.com/blueprints/code/jps11/archoverview.html. 2001
[23] Sun Microsystems, Inc. The J2EE Tutorial. http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/
[24] http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/
[25] http://java.sun.com/products/rmi
[26] http://java.sun.com/j2ee
[27] http://java.sun.com/bluepfints/
[28] 高全泉。企业级分布计算的基本需求及中间件技术。计算机科学。2001年28卷第8期
[29] 李真文，杨学良。J2EE在网站建设中的应用。计算机科学。2001年28卷第5期
[30] 李磊，王怀明。CORBA与EJB集成技术的研究。计算机科学。2001年28卷第6期
[31] 沈延森，姜梅，丁秋林。CIMS系统集成详细设计。计算机工程。2001年27卷第5期
[32] 钱旭，柳莺，刘方鑫。基于供应链的企业信息系统集成设计。计算机工程。2001年27卷第6期
[33] 张大斌，朱绍文，熊伟，朱中煜。电子商务技术及其发展趋势。计算机工程。2001年27卷第9期
[34] 刘建勋，张申生，徐建波。PIP：供应链与B2B电子商务的实现规范。计算机工程。2001年27卷第9期
[35] 余军和，祁国宁，吴昭同，顾新建。PDM与ERP系统集成方法及应用研究。计算机集成制造系统—CIMS。2001年7卷第6期