基于SOA的供应链异构系统集成研究
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摘要
如今企业之间的竞争已发展成为供应链与供应链之间的竞争,为提高供应链的执行效率和竞争优势,供应链必须支持业务的动态重组：不仅要考虑旧的节点系统的整合,而且,要考虑新的节点系统不断地引入。随着客户需求变化的增加和客户对订单响应速度要求越来越高,参与集成的供应链系统越来越多,被集成的业务系统也日趋复杂。供应链系统之间在信息结构、信息语义、系统环境、数据存储方式等多方面存在异构,单纯的电子数据交换和语法层面的系统集成已不能满足企业业务协同的需要。
为了解决供应链系统异构集成问题,一些先进的系统集成的方法得到广泛应用,如：电子数据交换技术、基于可扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language, XML)的数据交换技术、基于构件化的系统集成,但这些集成方法常常导致系统间联系紧密,耦合度高,系统集成成本高,无法适应动态供应链上下游企业之间的信息集成和业务协同。本文提出的基于面向服务架构(Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA)的系统集成模式则可适应电子商务环境下供应链企业间的动态业务重组和企业内部业务流程的适时变化,为供应链异构系统的集成提供了良好的解决方案。基于SOA集成系统的基本单元是服务,这些服务是可互操作的、独立的、模块化的、位置明确的、松耦合的,并且可以通过网络查找其地址。服务间通过消息互相调用,通过服务协调,完成一定的业务处理,服务请求者无须知道服务提供者的技术细节。
本文以提高供应链异构系统协同效率的系统集成为研究对象,综合运用多种系统集成设计模式,以供应链领域本体库和WEB服务的语义表示为基础,围绕供应链异构系统集成中的结构、语义的异构性问题,从系统集成的语义统一、信息集成、流程协同三个方面,遵循“由企业服务总线(Enterprise Service Bus, ESB)解决异构系统集成中的交互消息的异构集成问题,通过描述服务的WEB本体语言(Ontology Web Language for Services, OWL-S)和WEB服务组合解决语义异构信息集成和业务流程组合问题”的研究路径,重点研究了基于SOA的供应链异构系统集成的三个模型,即：基于语义的WEB服务注册表模型、语义扩展的企业服务总线系统集成架构模型和基于语义的WEB服务组合模型。
在基于语义的WEB服务注册表模型中,针对基于语法级的传统服务注册表模式缺少语义支持,难以实现服务的动态发现和组合,因而不能适应供应链动态重组和快速响应的集成需求的问题,研究了在领域本体库和OWL-S描述WEB服务的支持下,WSDL文件被映射并转换成具有明确语义特征的OWL-S WEB服务描述,再将基于OWL-S描述的抽象WEB服务发布到UDDI中心的方法,从而为系统动态集成提供基础条件。
在语义扩展的企业服务总线(ESB)系统集成架构模型研究中,将ESB作为实现基于SOA架构系统集成的具体方法,提出了一个遵循SOA基本原则、应用ESB的供应链集成系统架构,分析了系统架构组成和执行机制,提出了语义扩展的ESB系统集成架构,并对其中的信息映射设计和服务匹配算法做了深入的分析。从而为基于SOA供应链异构系统集成的信息集成和轻量级的业务集成提供了理论基础和具体方法。
在基于语义的WEB服务组合模型的研究中,针对ESB系统集成构架可以为集成系统提供统一的消息交换服务,但无法满足供应链多业务协同中的WEB服务快速选择、集成的具体问题,设计了WEB服务组合的系统架构和执行机制,并重点描述了基于语义的WEB服务选择算法,支持WEB服务组合设计时自动化,从而提高供应链快速响应过程中多业务协同的系统集成效率。
论文最后以公共物流综合服务平台中的采购与通关服务作为原型系统,从服务注册表设计、企业服务总线设计和WEB服务组合三个方面对以上模型进行了验证,探讨了基于SOA的系统集成的实现和应用。研究结果表明,基于SOA的系统集成方法与传统的其他系统集成方法相比,该集成系统的柔性和可扩展性得到了明显的提高,能够较好地适应供应链的快速重组和变化的需求。
Today, Competition between enterprises has developed into competition of supply chains. To improve efficiency of supply chain implement and competition advantage, supply should satisfy dynamic Business Process Reengineering, which means outdated nodes are eliminated while new nodes are updated to make supply chains dynamically reorganized. With the increases of customer demand changes, the more changeable customers' demand and the quicker customers want to be responded to their orders, the more systems will be integrated and the more complicated business system will be. There are many aspects of heterogeneous between supply chain systems such as information structure, information semantic, system environment and data storage. Simple Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and the method of system integration based on syntax are unsuitable for enterprise business collaboration.
To solve the problem of heterogeneous integration of supply chain system, there are many advanced methods system integration, such as EDI, data exchange technology based on XML, system integration based on component, are used widely. However, most of those integrations methods often result in high cost and coupling tightly among the heterogeneous systems, can not adapt to business collaboration and information sharing between the upstream and downstream of supply chain dynamically. The proposed architecture model of system integration based on SOA in this paper can adapt to the dynamical BPR among Enterprises and the change of business processing in inter-enterprise timely, provide a good solution for heterogeneous system integration of Supply Chain. Basic unit of integrated system based on SOA is WEB services, these services are interoperable, independent, modularized, located, loose coupling and addressed by the network. Business procedures will be processed by message calling and service collaboration. Service applicant is unnecessary to know to technical details from service provider.
This paper choose system integration as research object to improve the efficiency of collaboration between the heterogeneous systems of Supply Chain, use various design patterns of system integration synthetically, take the supply chain domain ontology and WEB service semantic expression model as the base, stay on the heterogeneous problem of structure and semantic during integrating of supply chain systems, from three aspects of system integration, including semantic unity, information sharing and business process collaboration, follow the research path, which solve the issues of the heterogeneous integration of interactive messages during system integration through ESB, the information integration and business process collaboration by OWL-S and Web Services Composition (WSC), focuses on three models research of heterogeneous system integration of Supply Chain Based on SOA, namely:semantic web service register model, system integrated architecture model of semantic extended ESB and semantic WEB Services Composition (WSC) model.
Semantic web service register model:traditional service register model based on syntax cannot realize dynamic discovery and combination of service because of lack of semantic support and cannot satisfy the requirement of dynamic reorganization and quick response of supply chain integration also. With the support of domain ontology library and OWL-S, WSDL that describes WEB service will be mapped and transferred into semantic WEB service described by OWL-S. Abstract WEB service based on OWL-S description will be sent to UDDI center for system dynamic integration.
System integrated architecture model of semantic extended ESB:Taken ESB as the special method to realize the system integration architecture of supply chain based on SOA, the ESB system integration structure following basic principles of SOA is provided, analyzed the system architecture and implementation mechanisms of ESB, on this basis, system integrated architecture model of semantic extended ESB is put forward, the design of information mapping and service matching algorithm are analyzed deeply in this model. Theoretical foundation and special methods are provided to realize information integration and lightweight business integration of supply chain systems.
Semantic WEB Services Composition (WSC) model:ESB system integration framework provides a unified message exchange service, but it cannot satisfy selecting WEB services and system integrating quickly during multi-business collaboration of supply chain. To address this issue, the system architecture and implementation mechanisms based on WSC are designed, and focused on describing service selecting algorithm based on semantic, which support WEB services composed dynamically, and improve the efficiency of system integration for rapid response of supply chain.
Finally, the prototype system of the pubic logistics services platform for procurement and customs clearance services was provided, From the three areas: service registry table designed, enterprise service bus designed and WEB Services Composition, the models above were validated, the implementation and application of system integration based on SOA was discussed. Comparing with other methods of system integration, the flexibility and extensibility of SOA-based integration method are improved obviously, this method of system integration can adapt to the rapid reorganization and change of the supply chain easily.
为了解决供应链系统异构集成问题,一些先进的系统集成的方法得到广泛应用,如：电子数据交换技术、基于可扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language, XML)的数据交换技术、基于构件化的系统集成,但这些集成方法常常导致系统间联系紧密,耦合度高,系统集成成本高,无法适应动态供应链上下游企业之间的信息集成和业务协同。本文提出的基于面向服务架构(Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA)的系统集成模式则可适应电子商务环境下供应链企业间的动态业务重组和企业内部业务流程的适时变化,为供应链异构系统的集成提供了良好的解决方案。基于SOA集成系统的基本单元是服务,这些服务是可互操作的、独立的、模块化的、位置明确的、松耦合的,并且可以通过网络查找其地址。服务间通过消息互相调用,通过服务协调,完成一定的业务处理,服务请求者无须知道服务提供者的技术细节。
本文以提高供应链异构系统协同效率的系统集成为研究对象,综合运用多种系统集成设计模式,以供应链领域本体库和WEB服务的语义表示为基础,围绕供应链异构系统集成中的结构、语义的异构性问题,从系统集成的语义统一、信息集成、流程协同三个方面,遵循“由企业服务总线(Enterprise Service Bus, ESB)解决异构系统集成中的交互消息的异构集成问题,通过描述服务的WEB本体语言(Ontology Web Language for Services, OWL-S)和WEB服务组合解决语义异构信息集成和业务流程组合问题”的研究路径,重点研究了基于SOA的供应链异构系统集成的三个模型,即：基于语义的WEB服务注册表模型、语义扩展的企业服务总线系统集成架构模型和基于语义的WEB服务组合模型。
在基于语义的WEB服务注册表模型中,针对基于语法级的传统服务注册表模式缺少语义支持,难以实现服务的动态发现和组合,因而不能适应供应链动态重组和快速响应的集成需求的问题,研究了在领域本体库和OWL-S描述WEB服务的支持下,WSDL文件被映射并转换成具有明确语义特征的OWL-S WEB服务描述,再将基于OWL-S描述的抽象WEB服务发布到UDDI中心的方法,从而为系统动态集成提供基础条件。
在语义扩展的企业服务总线(ESB)系统集成架构模型研究中,将ESB作为实现基于SOA架构系统集成的具体方法,提出了一个遵循SOA基本原则、应用ESB的供应链集成系统架构,分析了系统架构组成和执行机制,提出了语义扩展的ESB系统集成架构,并对其中的信息映射设计和服务匹配算法做了深入的分析。从而为基于SOA供应链异构系统集成的信息集成和轻量级的业务集成提供了理论基础和具体方法。
在基于语义的WEB服务组合模型的研究中,针对ESB系统集成构架可以为集成系统提供统一的消息交换服务,但无法满足供应链多业务协同中的WEB服务快速选择、集成的具体问题,设计了WEB服务组合的系统架构和执行机制,并重点描述了基于语义的WEB服务选择算法,支持WEB服务组合设计时自动化,从而提高供应链快速响应过程中多业务协同的系统集成效率。
论文最后以公共物流综合服务平台中的采购与通关服务作为原型系统,从服务注册表设计、企业服务总线设计和WEB服务组合三个方面对以上模型进行了验证,探讨了基于SOA的系统集成的实现和应用。研究结果表明,基于SOA的系统集成方法与传统的其他系统集成方法相比,该集成系统的柔性和可扩展性得到了明显的提高,能够较好地适应供应链的快速重组和变化的需求。
Today, Competition between enterprises has developed into competition of supply chains. To improve efficiency of supply chain implement and competition advantage, supply should satisfy dynamic Business Process Reengineering, which means outdated nodes are eliminated while new nodes are updated to make supply chains dynamically reorganized. With the increases of customer demand changes, the more changeable customers' demand and the quicker customers want to be responded to their orders, the more systems will be integrated and the more complicated business system will be. There are many aspects of heterogeneous between supply chain systems such as information structure, information semantic, system environment and data storage. Simple Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and the method of system integration based on syntax are unsuitable for enterprise business collaboration.
To solve the problem of heterogeneous integration of supply chain system, there are many advanced methods system integration, such as EDI, data exchange technology based on XML, system integration based on component, are used widely. However, most of those integrations methods often result in high cost and coupling tightly among the heterogeneous systems, can not adapt to business collaboration and information sharing between the upstream and downstream of supply chain dynamically. The proposed architecture model of system integration based on SOA in this paper can adapt to the dynamical BPR among Enterprises and the change of business processing in inter-enterprise timely, provide a good solution for heterogeneous system integration of Supply Chain. Basic unit of integrated system based on SOA is WEB services, these services are interoperable, independent, modularized, located, loose coupling and addressed by the network. Business procedures will be processed by message calling and service collaboration. Service applicant is unnecessary to know to technical details from service provider.
This paper choose system integration as research object to improve the efficiency of collaboration between the heterogeneous systems of Supply Chain, use various design patterns of system integration synthetically, take the supply chain domain ontology and WEB service semantic expression model as the base, stay on the heterogeneous problem of structure and semantic during integrating of supply chain systems, from three aspects of system integration, including semantic unity, information sharing and business process collaboration, follow the research path, which solve the issues of the heterogeneous integration of interactive messages during system integration through ESB, the information integration and business process collaboration by OWL-S and Web Services Composition (WSC), focuses on three models research of heterogeneous system integration of Supply Chain Based on SOA, namely:semantic web service register model, system integrated architecture model of semantic extended ESB and semantic WEB Services Composition (WSC) model.
Semantic web service register model:traditional service register model based on syntax cannot realize dynamic discovery and combination of service because of lack of semantic support and cannot satisfy the requirement of dynamic reorganization and quick response of supply chain integration also. With the support of domain ontology library and OWL-S, WSDL that describes WEB service will be mapped and transferred into semantic WEB service described by OWL-S. Abstract WEB service based on OWL-S description will be sent to UDDI center for system dynamic integration.
System integrated architecture model of semantic extended ESB:Taken ESB as the special method to realize the system integration architecture of supply chain based on SOA, the ESB system integration structure following basic principles of SOA is provided, analyzed the system architecture and implementation mechanisms of ESB, on this basis, system integrated architecture model of semantic extended ESB is put forward, the design of information mapping and service matching algorithm are analyzed deeply in this model. Theoretical foundation and special methods are provided to realize information integration and lightweight business integration of supply chain systems.
Semantic WEB Services Composition (WSC) model:ESB system integration framework provides a unified message exchange service, but it cannot satisfy selecting WEB services and system integrating quickly during multi-business collaboration of supply chain. To address this issue, the system architecture and implementation mechanisms based on WSC are designed, and focused on describing service selecting algorithm based on semantic, which support WEB services composed dynamically, and improve the efficiency of system integration for rapid response of supply chain.
Finally, the prototype system of the pubic logistics services platform for procurement and customs clearance services was provided, From the three areas: service registry table designed, enterprise service bus designed and WEB Services Composition, the models above were validated, the implementation and application of system integration based on SOA was discussed. Comparing with other methods of system integration, the flexibility and extensibility of SOA-based integration method are improved obviously, this method of system integration can adapt to the rapid reorganization and change of the supply chain easily.
引文
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