基于上下文感知的Web服务组合研究与实现
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摘要
Web服务作为一种新兴的Web应用模式和分布式应用模型,可以从根本上解决企业之间及企业内部异构系统之间的资源共享,互操作和互通信等相关问题。但是单个的Web服务能够提供的功能有限,为了更加充分地利用共享的Web服务,可以将共享的Web服务组合起来,提供更为强大的服务功能,加快系统开发的速度,降低开发的成本,快速满足用户的需求。目前,Web服务组合在面向服务的体系结构即SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)下,成为企业业务集成使用的关键技术。但是由于没有考虑用户所处的上下文因素对服务的影响,所发现的服务很多不能满足用户的期望。因此,紧密结合用户和服务的上下文信息,按用户需求提供服务,才能更好地服务于用户。
针对目前Web服务组合中遇到的上述问题,本文把上下文感知技术运用于Web服务发现和组合中,以便提供满足用户需要的服务组合。本文所作的研究如下：
(1)比较全面地介绍了Web服务,Web服务组合,语义Web,上下文技术,可视化等的相关知识背景,以及它们的发展状况及关键技术。
(2)详细分析上下文感知的关键技术和本体的描述语言,本体的构建原则,本体的构建方法,并在此基础上总结出了上下文本体的构建流程,按照此流程设计并构建了一个上下文本体,主要包括用户上下文信息和服务上下文信息。并在服务查找时利用上下文规则进行推理,以便查找出满足用户期望的服务。
(3)设计基于上下文感知的Web服务组合(WSCBOCA)模型,并实现其主要功能。构建了私有的UDDI注册中心来对服务资源进行统一的存储和管理,主要是为服务提供者发布服务提供宿主,同时能为服务请求者查找服务提供基础。在服务查找时结合上下文本体推理相关的信息,查找出满足用户最期望的服务,并在Triana中进行服务组合。
(4)分析和研究了科学计算可视化的研究内容和研究意义,以及可视化领域的特点和算法,并介绍了可视化的工具包VTK等。同时,针对可视化信息的特点,把上下文感知的Web服务组合的模型应用于可视化领域,检测所提出的WSCBOCA模型的可行性和有效性。
本论文受到武汉市国际合作项目：“基于语义的可视化服务发布与匹配平台的研究与实现”(项目编号：200970634269)的资助。
Web service is a kind of new web application, and is also a kind of distributional application. It can resolve the problems such as resource sharing, intercommunication and interoperability and so on within the business enterprise and heterogeneous system in the internal business enterprise. But the function of individual Web service is limited, and shared web services can make it as a union. So it can provide more powerful services, accelerate the speed of system development, reduce development costs, and satisfy the needs of users. At present, under SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), Web services composition becomes the key technology in enterprise business integration. However, because the web services composition has no sense of the context of the services, many of the services are proved to be useless. Therefore, it is very important to use context information and find more accurate services for the users.
Considering these problems in web service composition, the context-aware technology is used in web services searching and composition process in order to provide better services for users. And the main research works done in this thesis are as follows:
1). This thesis introduces Web service composition, Semantic Web, Context-aware technology, Visualization technology, related background, as well as their development condition and key technologies.
2). This thesis analyzes the key technologies of context-aware and ontology description language, the principles of ontology construction, the method of ontology construction and so on. And based on the above, this thesis sums up the context of the ontology construction process. According to this process, the context ontology will be designed and constructed, which includes user context information and service context information. And the context reasoning rules will be used in service searching, in order to find the service to satisfy the user's expectation.
3). This thesis realizes web services composition based on context awareness (WSCBOCA) model, and will achieve WSCBOCA model's main functions. At the same time, this thesis has constructed the private UDDI registry services' center to universal storage and manages the service resources. And it can provider host for services publisher, and at the same time make a foundation for the requester's search service. During the process of searching services, context ontology information can be used to search relevant services information, and combine the services on the Triana platform.
4). This thesis analyzes the scientific computing visualization, the significance of scientific computing visualization research, visualization features and algorithms, visualization toolkit VTK and so on. According to the characteristic of the visualization information, the model of WSCBOCA is applied to visual fields to check its' feasible and effective.
This work is supported by Wuhan International Cooperation Projects," Study and Implementation on Semantic-based Visualization Services Publishing and Matching Platform" (Project No.200970634269).
针对目前Web服务组合中遇到的上述问题,本文把上下文感知技术运用于Web服务发现和组合中,以便提供满足用户需要的服务组合。本文所作的研究如下：
(1)比较全面地介绍了Web服务,Web服务组合,语义Web,上下文技术,可视化等的相关知识背景,以及它们的发展状况及关键技术。
(2)详细分析上下文感知的关键技术和本体的描述语言,本体的构建原则,本体的构建方法,并在此基础上总结出了上下文本体的构建流程,按照此流程设计并构建了一个上下文本体,主要包括用户上下文信息和服务上下文信息。并在服务查找时利用上下文规则进行推理,以便查找出满足用户期望的服务。
(3)设计基于上下文感知的Web服务组合(WSCBOCA)模型,并实现其主要功能。构建了私有的UDDI注册中心来对服务资源进行统一的存储和管理,主要是为服务提供者发布服务提供宿主,同时能为服务请求者查找服务提供基础。在服务查找时结合上下文本体推理相关的信息,查找出满足用户最期望的服务,并在Triana中进行服务组合。
(4)分析和研究了科学计算可视化的研究内容和研究意义,以及可视化领域的特点和算法,并介绍了可视化的工具包VTK等。同时,针对可视化信息的特点,把上下文感知的Web服务组合的模型应用于可视化领域,检测所提出的WSCBOCA模型的可行性和有效性。
本论文受到武汉市国际合作项目：“基于语义的可视化服务发布与匹配平台的研究与实现”(项目编号：200970634269)的资助。
Web service is a kind of new web application, and is also a kind of distributional application. It can resolve the problems such as resource sharing, intercommunication and interoperability and so on within the business enterprise and heterogeneous system in the internal business enterprise. But the function of individual Web service is limited, and shared web services can make it as a union. So it can provide more powerful services, accelerate the speed of system development, reduce development costs, and satisfy the needs of users. At present, under SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), Web services composition becomes the key technology in enterprise business integration. However, because the web services composition has no sense of the context of the services, many of the services are proved to be useless. Therefore, it is very important to use context information and find more accurate services for the users.
Considering these problems in web service composition, the context-aware technology is used in web services searching and composition process in order to provide better services for users. And the main research works done in this thesis are as follows:
1). This thesis introduces Web service composition, Semantic Web, Context-aware technology, Visualization technology, related background, as well as their development condition and key technologies.
2). This thesis analyzes the key technologies of context-aware and ontology description language, the principles of ontology construction, the method of ontology construction and so on. And based on the above, this thesis sums up the context of the ontology construction process. According to this process, the context ontology will be designed and constructed, which includes user context information and service context information. And the context reasoning rules will be used in service searching, in order to find the service to satisfy the user's expectation.
3). This thesis realizes web services composition based on context awareness (WSCBOCA) model, and will achieve WSCBOCA model's main functions. At the same time, this thesis has constructed the private UDDI registry services' center to universal storage and manages the service resources. And it can provider host for services publisher, and at the same time make a foundation for the requester's search service. During the process of searching services, context ontology information can be used to search relevant services information, and combine the services on the Triana platform.
4). This thesis analyzes the scientific computing visualization, the significance of scientific computing visualization research, visualization features and algorithms, visualization toolkit VTK and so on. According to the characteristic of the visualization information, the model of WSCBOCA is applied to visual fields to check its' feasible and effective.
This work is supported by Wuhan International Cooperation Projects," Study and Implementation on Semantic-based Visualization Services Publishing and Matching Platform" (Project No.200970634269).
引文
[1]沈桂芳.面向感知上下文的Web服务组合的应用研究[D].合肥工业大学,2008
[2]顾宁,刘家茂,柴晓路等Web Services原理与研发实践机械工业出版社,2006：3-13
[3]Frank Leymann. Web Services Flow Language(WSFL 1.0). May 2001. http://xml. coverpages.org/WSFL-Guide-200110.pdf,2010
[4]Assaf Arkin, Intalio. Business Process Modeling Language. http://xml.coverpages. org/BPML-2002.pdf,2010
[5]Assaf Arkin, Sid Askary, Scott Fordin etc. Web Service Choreography Interface (WSCI)1.0 W3C Note 8 August 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/.,2010
[6]ebPML http://www.ebpml.org/xlang.htm,2010
[7]Benatallah, B.; Sheng, Q.Z.; Dumas, M.. The Self-Serv environment for Web services composition, Internet Computing, IEEE Volume 7,Issue 1, Jan.-Feb.2003 Pages:40-48
[8]马伟.Web服务组合语言可视化编辑器的研究[D].大连海事大学,2009
[9]邓水光.Web服务自动组合与形式化验证的研究[D].浙江大学,2007
[10]张佩云.基于语义的Web服务组合研究[D].南京理工大学,2008
[11]杨熙.面向业务流程的语义Web服务组合的研究与应用[D].北京交通大学,2008
[12]Sadeh N,Gandon F,Kwon OB. Ambient Intelligence:the My-Campus Experience:[Technical Report].CMU-ISR105-123, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, July 2005
[13]Sheshagiri M, Sadeh N, Gandon F. Using Semantic Web Services for Context-Aware Mobile Applications. MobiSys 2004 Workshop on Context Awareness. Boston,2004
[14]Norbert W, Agnes V, Rudiger G. Using Ontologies in Personalized Mobile Applications. In: Proc. of the 12th Annual ACM International Workshop on Geographic Information Systems,2004 Pages:2-11.
[15]Nan Luo; Junwei Yan; Min Liu; Shuxin Yang; ShuxinYang.Towards Context-Aware Composition of Web Services. Grid and Cooperative Computing,2006. GCC 2006. Fifth International Conference Oct.2006 Pages:494-499
[16]Narendra, N.C.; Gundugola, S.. Automated Context-Aware Adaptation of Web Service Executions. Computer Systems and Applications,2006. IEEE International Conference on.March 8,2006 Pages:179-187
[17]Capilla, R.; Context-aware architectures for building service-oriented systems. Software Maintenance and Reengineering,2006. CSMR 2006. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on 22-24 March 2006 Pages:299-303
[18]邹文科,孟祥武.基于语义Web技术的上下文感知的智能移动服务[J].计算机科学,2006,(09)
[19]何丰.语义Web服务组合若干关键技术研究[D].东华大学,2008
[20]单宝宁.Web服务组合的研究与应用—服务组合中的QoS管理模型[D].江南大学,2008
[21]曹雷.基于Agent的网格工作流技术研究[D].上海交通大学博士论文,2007
[22]赵征.网格环境下面向服务的分布式数据挖掘研究与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2009
[23]Heather Kreger. Web服务概念性体系结构(Web Services Conceptual Architecture). http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-wsca/part1/,2010
[24]Web Services Description Language, http://xml.coverpages.org/wsdl.html,2010
[25]Erik Christensen; Francisco Curbera; Greg Meredith etc. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl,2010
[26]Nilo Mitra;Yves Lafon. SOAP Version 1.2. http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-soap 12-part0-20070427/,2010
[27]Tom Bellwood.理解UDDI. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices /ws-featuddi/,2010
[28]郑德.基于语义的WEB服务发现与匹配的研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007
[29]金苍宏.基于服务特性的动态Web服务组合研究[D].浙江大学,2008
[30]杜林春.基于事务流的语义Web服务组合的研究[D].西南交通大学,2007
[31]朱剑锋.基于上下文感知的智能数字语音教室模型研究[D].南京理工大学,2008
[32]Bill Schilit, Norman Adams and Roy Want. Context-Aware Computing Applications. In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Pages:85-90, Dec.1994
[33]何克清,何扬帆,王翀等.本体元建模理论与方法及其应用.科学出版社2008(08)：12，289-292
[34]Strang T. and Linnhoff-Popin C.. A Context Modeling Survey [A]. In First International Workshop on Advanced Context Modeling, Reasoning And Management[C],2004.[35]杨少华,王洪翠,雄锦华等.上下文感知中间件[J].信息技术快报.2006年第4卷第3期
[36]Castro, P., Munz,R.. Managing Context Data for Smart Spaces. Personal Communications, IEEE, Volume 7, Issue 5, Oct.2000 Pages:44-46
[37]牟欣涛.基于语义的WEB服务组合框架的研究[D].中国海洋大学,2008
[38]高志强,潘越,马力等.语义Web原理及应用. 机械工业出版社,2009：165
[39]T.R.Gruber. Towards Principles for the design of Ontologies used for knowledge sharing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.1995(43) Pages:907-928.
[40]OWL Web本体语言指南.http://zh.transwiki.org/cn/owlguide.htm,2010
[4l]王杨.Workplace-基于上下文感知的智能协作平台[D].北京交通大学,2008
[42]Triana. http://www.trianacode.org/,2010
[43]冯在文,何克清,李兵等.一种基于情境推理的语义Web服务发现方法.计算机学报.2008年08期
[44]Protege, http://protege.stanford.edu/,2010
[45]梁波.基于本体的概念建模可视化认知支持[D].国防科学技术大学,2008
[46]IDEF Family of Methods, http://www.idef.com,2010
[47]Gruninger, M. and Fox., M.S. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies, Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, UCAI-95, Montreal,1995. Pages:124-132.
[48]JUDDI. http://www.juddi.org,2010
[49]M.Uschold. Ontologies Principles, Methods and Applications. Knowledge Engineering Review,1996,11(2) Pages:78-91
[50]高曙.网格环境下面向服务的分布式可视化研究与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2007
[51]Jena, http://jena.sourceforge.net,2010
[52]UDDI4J. http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/uddi4j,2010
[53]VTK. http://www.vtk.org/,2010
[54]Will Schroeder, Ken Martin, Bill Lorensen.The Visualization Toolkit An Object-Oriented Approach To 3D Graphics,4th Edition. Kitware, Inc publishers,2001
[2]顾宁,刘家茂,柴晓路等Web Services原理与研发实践机械工业出版社,2006：3-13
[3]Frank Leymann. Web Services Flow Language(WSFL 1.0). May 2001. http://xml. coverpages.org/WSFL-Guide-200110.pdf,2010
[4]Assaf Arkin, Intalio. Business Process Modeling Language. http://xml.coverpages. org/BPML-2002.pdf,2010
[5]Assaf Arkin, Sid Askary, Scott Fordin etc. Web Service Choreography Interface (WSCI)1.0 W3C Note 8 August 2002. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/.,2010
[6]ebPML http://www.ebpml.org/xlang.htm,2010
[7]Benatallah, B.; Sheng, Q.Z.; Dumas, M.. The Self-Serv environment for Web services composition, Internet Computing, IEEE Volume 7,Issue 1, Jan.-Feb.2003 Pages:40-48
[8]马伟.Web服务组合语言可视化编辑器的研究[D].大连海事大学,2009
[9]邓水光.Web服务自动组合与形式化验证的研究[D].浙江大学,2007
[10]张佩云.基于语义的Web服务组合研究[D].南京理工大学,2008
[11]杨熙.面向业务流程的语义Web服务组合的研究与应用[D].北京交通大学,2008
[12]Sadeh N,Gandon F,Kwon OB. Ambient Intelligence:the My-Campus Experience:[Technical Report].CMU-ISR105-123, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, July 2005
[13]Sheshagiri M, Sadeh N, Gandon F. Using Semantic Web Services for Context-Aware Mobile Applications. MobiSys 2004 Workshop on Context Awareness. Boston,2004
[14]Norbert W, Agnes V, Rudiger G. Using Ontologies in Personalized Mobile Applications. In: Proc. of the 12th Annual ACM International Workshop on Geographic Information Systems,2004 Pages:2-11.
[15]Nan Luo; Junwei Yan; Min Liu; Shuxin Yang; ShuxinYang.Towards Context-Aware Composition of Web Services. Grid and Cooperative Computing,2006. GCC 2006. Fifth International Conference Oct.2006 Pages:494-499
[16]Narendra, N.C.; Gundugola, S.. Automated Context-Aware Adaptation of Web Service Executions. Computer Systems and Applications,2006. IEEE International Conference on.March 8,2006 Pages:179-187
[17]Capilla, R.; Context-aware architectures for building service-oriented systems. Software Maintenance and Reengineering,2006. CSMR 2006. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on 22-24 March 2006 Pages:299-303
[18]邹文科,孟祥武.基于语义Web技术的上下文感知的智能移动服务[J].计算机科学,2006,(09)
[19]何丰.语义Web服务组合若干关键技术研究[D].东华大学,2008
[20]单宝宁.Web服务组合的研究与应用—服务组合中的QoS管理模型[D].江南大学,2008
[21]曹雷.基于Agent的网格工作流技术研究[D].上海交通大学博士论文,2007
[22]赵征.网格环境下面向服务的分布式数据挖掘研究与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2009
[23]Heather Kreger. Web服务概念性体系结构(Web Services Conceptual Architecture). http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-wsca/part1/,2010
[24]Web Services Description Language, http://xml.coverpages.org/wsdl.html,2010
[25]Erik Christensen; Francisco Curbera; Greg Meredith etc. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl,2010
[26]Nilo Mitra;Yves Lafon. SOAP Version 1.2. http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/REC-soap 12-part0-20070427/,2010
[27]Tom Bellwood.理解UDDI. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices /ws-featuddi/,2010
[28]郑德.基于语义的WEB服务发现与匹配的研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007
[29]金苍宏.基于服务特性的动态Web服务组合研究[D].浙江大学,2008
[30]杜林春.基于事务流的语义Web服务组合的研究[D].西南交通大学,2007
[31]朱剑锋.基于上下文感知的智能数字语音教室模型研究[D].南京理工大学,2008
[32]Bill Schilit, Norman Adams and Roy Want. Context-Aware Computing Applications. In Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Pages:85-90, Dec.1994
[33]何克清,何扬帆,王翀等.本体元建模理论与方法及其应用.科学出版社2008(08)：12，289-292
[34]Strang T. and Linnhoff-Popin C.. A Context Modeling Survey [A]. In First International Workshop on Advanced Context Modeling, Reasoning And Management[C],2004.[35]杨少华,王洪翠,雄锦华等.上下文感知中间件[J].信息技术快报.2006年第4卷第3期
[36]Castro, P., Munz,R.. Managing Context Data for Smart Spaces. Personal Communications, IEEE, Volume 7, Issue 5, Oct.2000 Pages:44-46
[37]牟欣涛.基于语义的WEB服务组合框架的研究[D].中国海洋大学,2008
[38]高志强,潘越,马力等.语义Web原理及应用. 机械工业出版社,2009：165
[39]T.R.Gruber. Towards Principles for the design of Ontologies used for knowledge sharing. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.1995(43) Pages:907-928.
[40]OWL Web本体语言指南.http://zh.transwiki.org/cn/owlguide.htm,2010
[4l]王杨.Workplace-基于上下文感知的智能协作平台[D].北京交通大学,2008
[42]Triana. http://www.trianacode.org/,2010
[43]冯在文,何克清,李兵等.一种基于情境推理的语义Web服务发现方法.计算机学报.2008年08期
[44]Protege, http://protege.stanford.edu/,2010
[45]梁波.基于本体的概念建模可视化认知支持[D].国防科学技术大学,2008
[46]IDEF Family of Methods, http://www.idef.com,2010
[47]Gruninger, M. and Fox., M.S. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies, Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, UCAI-95, Montreal,1995. Pages:124-132.
[48]JUDDI. http://www.juddi.org,2010
[49]M.Uschold. Ontologies Principles, Methods and Applications. Knowledge Engineering Review,1996,11(2) Pages:78-91
[50]高曙.网格环境下面向服务的分布式可视化研究与实现[D].武汉理工大学,2007
[51]Jena, http://jena.sourceforge.net,2010
[52]UDDI4J. http://www-124.ibm.com/developerworks/oss/uddi4j,2010
[53]VTK. http://www.vtk.org/,2010
[54]Will Schroeder, Ken Martin, Bill Lorensen.The Visualization Toolkit An Object-Oriented Approach To 3D Graphics,4th Edition. Kitware, Inc publishers,2001