基于QoS的Web服务开发与组合研究
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摘要
随着Internet技术的发展,计算机软件的应用逐步由静态封闭转变为动态开放。Web服务技术和面向服务体系结构的发展为软件和应用的开发提供了一种新型模式,使开发不必从零开始,通过复用与组合可以开发出新的应用,从而提高开发效率、节约资源。
随着Web服务功能的不断强大,单一服务功能的局限可以通过服务组合来解决。目前,服务组合技术得到迅猛发展,服务质量即服务的非功能性因素越来越受到人们的重视,人们不仅关心服务的功能性因素,也关心服务的非功能性因素。如何动态的从众多Web服务中,选择或通过组合得到在功能、非功能因素两方面都能满足用户需求的服务成为一研究热点。对于通过服务组合不能满足用户需求的情况,可以通过开发新的服务来解决。利用构件技术,采用基于构件技术进行应用的开发,从而提供所需服务,充实原有服务库。基于构件的开发是软件复用的一种形式,通过组装已有软件与应用来构造新应用,实现新的应用需求。随着复用技术的发展,在Internet中出现了许多商用与公用的软件构件库,它们各自具有不同的构件描述模型,如何在不同的构件库中实现透明的检索,方便查找到所需构件；如何将构件进行高效的组装以满足复杂应用需求,受到人们越来越多的关注。
针对当前服务自动组合过程中涉及服务质量与处理组合失败的较少、构件多库检索不方便以及构件组装过程中大多未考虑构件间的非功能依赖的情况。本文提出一种QoS有保障的Web服务动态组合与开发方式,能在短时间内进行服务自动组合并对组合失败的情况进行处理,其思想是：根据需求和已有的服务建立完备回溯树,利用服务质量进行最优路径的选择,从而实现满足用户功能需求的同时考虑非功能需求,提高服务质量。对于不能通过服务组合而达到的服务需求,利用软件构件复用技术,基于构件进行开发。首先利用P2P技术与同义词词典在Internet构件库中进行构件的查找与检索,然后进行构件的组装。组装过程中对于具有相同功能与接口的构件根据构件QoS利用GODSS算法进行选择与组合,采用降低构件通信量的方式进行部署,最后将组合构件封装为Web服务并发布,从而将新开发出的服务提供给用户,满足用户服务需求,同时,更新服务库。通过运用此机制可以在实现Web服务高效动态组合的同时满足用户对非功能方面的需求,通过利用构件技术对Web服务进行开发,使得整个过程更加灵活。
With the development of Internet technology, computer software applications gradually shift from static closed to dynamic opening. Web services technology and service-oriented architecture developments for software and applications provides a new model, so that development needs not start from scratch. By reusing and combining new applications it can be developed to enhance development efficiency and conserve resource.
With Web services becoming stronger, the limitations of single-service functions can be resolved through the portfolio of services. Currently, service composition has been the rapid development of services, quality of service that is non-functional factors draws more and more people's attention, people not only care about services of functional factors, but also concern about the services of non-functional factors. How dynamicly select or receive from a number of Web services through the combination of functional, non-functional factors that can meet both the needs of service users to become a research hotspot. If the portfolio of services can not meet the needs of the users, we can develop new services to address by using the component technology. Based on component technology and application development, we can provide the required services and enrich existing services to libraries. Component-based development is a form of software reuse through the assembling the applications of existing software to construct new applications and achieve a new requirement of application. With multiplexing technology developments, many commercial and public software component libraries emerge in the Internet. They each have different component description models, how in the different components libraries to achieve the desired component in a transparent and easy way; how to effectively assemble the components to meet the needs of complex applications, draw more and more attentions.
Based on the situations of automatic service composition process for the quality of service and treatment involving fewer combination failures, the convenience of component library searching, and most of the process of component composition not taking into account of non-functional dependence between components, this paper presents a QoS secured Web service dynamic combination of form and development. It can accomplish the automatic service composition and process failures of combination. The idea is:According to the needs and existing services it establishes a complete backtracking tree and use the quality of service to make the optimal path selection. By taking into account of non-functional requirements, it can meet the functional requirements and improve service quality. If Service composition can not achieve the demands of the users, it uses software component reusing technology and makes a component-based development. Firstly it uses P2P technology and synonym dictionary in the Internet component libraries for component search and retrieval, and then components assembly. The process of assembling same features and interface elements uses GODSS algorithm to select and combine components according to the QoS of component and take the arrangement of lower component traffic. The final combination of components will be encapsulated as Web service and publish it, which develops a new service available to the user. It can meet the needs of customer service and update service library. This mechanism can achieve high dynamic combination of Web services which meet non-functional aspects of user needs. The using of component technology to develop new Web services makes the mechanism flexible.
随着Web服务功能的不断强大,单一服务功能的局限可以通过服务组合来解决。目前,服务组合技术得到迅猛发展,服务质量即服务的非功能性因素越来越受到人们的重视,人们不仅关心服务的功能性因素,也关心服务的非功能性因素。如何动态的从众多Web服务中,选择或通过组合得到在功能、非功能因素两方面都能满足用户需求的服务成为一研究热点。对于通过服务组合不能满足用户需求的情况,可以通过开发新的服务来解决。利用构件技术,采用基于构件技术进行应用的开发,从而提供所需服务,充实原有服务库。基于构件的开发是软件复用的一种形式,通过组装已有软件与应用来构造新应用,实现新的应用需求。随着复用技术的发展,在Internet中出现了许多商用与公用的软件构件库,它们各自具有不同的构件描述模型,如何在不同的构件库中实现透明的检索,方便查找到所需构件；如何将构件进行高效的组装以满足复杂应用需求,受到人们越来越多的关注。
针对当前服务自动组合过程中涉及服务质量与处理组合失败的较少、构件多库检索不方便以及构件组装过程中大多未考虑构件间的非功能依赖的情况。本文提出一种QoS有保障的Web服务动态组合与开发方式,能在短时间内进行服务自动组合并对组合失败的情况进行处理,其思想是：根据需求和已有的服务建立完备回溯树,利用服务质量进行最优路径的选择,从而实现满足用户功能需求的同时考虑非功能需求,提高服务质量。对于不能通过服务组合而达到的服务需求,利用软件构件复用技术,基于构件进行开发。首先利用P2P技术与同义词词典在Internet构件库中进行构件的查找与检索,然后进行构件的组装。组装过程中对于具有相同功能与接口的构件根据构件QoS利用GODSS算法进行选择与组合,采用降低构件通信量的方式进行部署,最后将组合构件封装为Web服务并发布,从而将新开发出的服务提供给用户,满足用户服务需求,同时,更新服务库。通过运用此机制可以在实现Web服务高效动态组合的同时满足用户对非功能方面的需求,通过利用构件技术对Web服务进行开发,使得整个过程更加灵活。
With the development of Internet technology, computer software applications gradually shift from static closed to dynamic opening. Web services technology and service-oriented architecture developments for software and applications provides a new model, so that development needs not start from scratch. By reusing and combining new applications it can be developed to enhance development efficiency and conserve resource.
With Web services becoming stronger, the limitations of single-service functions can be resolved through the portfolio of services. Currently, service composition has been the rapid development of services, quality of service that is non-functional factors draws more and more people's attention, people not only care about services of functional factors, but also concern about the services of non-functional factors. How dynamicly select or receive from a number of Web services through the combination of functional, non-functional factors that can meet both the needs of service users to become a research hotspot. If the portfolio of services can not meet the needs of the users, we can develop new services to address by using the component technology. Based on component technology and application development, we can provide the required services and enrich existing services to libraries. Component-based development is a form of software reuse through the assembling the applications of existing software to construct new applications and achieve a new requirement of application. With multiplexing technology developments, many commercial and public software component libraries emerge in the Internet. They each have different component description models, how in the different components libraries to achieve the desired component in a transparent and easy way; how to effectively assemble the components to meet the needs of complex applications, draw more and more attentions.
Based on the situations of automatic service composition process for the quality of service and treatment involving fewer combination failures, the convenience of component library searching, and most of the process of component composition not taking into account of non-functional dependence between components, this paper presents a QoS secured Web service dynamic combination of form and development. It can accomplish the automatic service composition and process failures of combination. The idea is:According to the needs and existing services it establishes a complete backtracking tree and use the quality of service to make the optimal path selection. By taking into account of non-functional requirements, it can meet the functional requirements and improve service quality. If Service composition can not achieve the demands of the users, it uses software component reusing technology and makes a component-based development. Firstly it uses P2P technology and synonym dictionary in the Internet component libraries for component search and retrieval, and then components assembly. The process of assembling same features and interface elements uses GODSS algorithm to select and combine components according to the QoS of component and take the arrangement of lower component traffic. The final combination of components will be encapsulated as Web service and publish it, which develops a new service available to the user. It can meet the needs of customer service and update service library. This mechanism can achieve high dynamic combination of Web services which meet non-functional aspects of user needs. The using of component technology to develop new Web services makes the mechanism flexible.
引文
[1]朱碧岑,夏清国,朱郑州.一种支持QoS约束的语义Web服务发现框架[J].计算机工程,2009,2(35)：58-62.
[2]邵凌霜,周立,赵俊峰,谢冰,梅宏.一种Web Service的服务质量预测方法[J].软件学报,2009,20(8)：2062-2073.
[3]Martin D, Burstein M, Lassila 0, et al. OWL-S:Semantic Markup for Web Service[EB/OL]. http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.1/overview/.
[4]Roman D, Keller U, Lausen H., et al. Web Service Modeling Ontology(WSMO)[EB/OL]. http://www.wsmo.org/2004/d2/v1.0/20040920/.2004
[5]张佩云,孙亚民.动态Web服务组合研究[J].计算机科学,2007,4(5).
[6]CARDOSO J, SHETH A. Semantice-workflow comosition[J]. Journal of intelligent information System,2003,8(6):191-225.
[7]RAO JH, KUNGASP, MATSKinM. Logic-basedweb services como-sition:from service description to process model[C]. Proceedings of the international Conference on Web Services. Washington:IEEE Computer Society,2004, pp:446-453.
[8]邓水光,吴健,李莹等.基于回溯树的Web服务自动组合[J].软件学报,2007,18(8)：1896-1910.
[9]K.Verma, K.Gomadam, A.P.Sheth, et al. The METEOR-S Approach for Configuring and Executing Dynamic Web Processes [R]. Technical Report,2005.
[10]J.Pathak, S.Basu, VHonavar. Modeling Web Services by Iterative Reformulation of Functional and Non-functional Requirements [C]. In proceedings the 4th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing(ICSOC), Chicago, USA, December 2006, pp: 314-326.
[11]The SeCSE team. Designing and Deploying Service-Centric Systems:The SeCSE Way[C]. In proceedings of Workshop:Service Oriented Computing:a look at the Inside, ICSOC 2007, Vienna, Austria, September 2007.
[12]D.Roman, et al. Web Service Modeling Ontology[J]. Applied Ontologies,2005,1, pp: 77-106.
[13]倪晚成,刘连臣,吴澄.Web服务组合方法综述[J].计算机科学,2008,34(4)：79-81.
[14]杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤.软件复用与软件构件技术[J].电子学报,1999,27(2)：68-75.
[15]韦华颖,詹剑锋,王沁.分布式构件技术综述[J].计算机应用技术研究,2004,10：12-15.
[16]Browne, J Dongarra, S Green, et al. The national HPCC software exchange[J]. IEEE Computational Science and Engineering,1995,2(2):62-69.
[17]J X Ci, W T T sai. Distributed component hub for reusable software components
management[C]. In:Proc of the 24th Int'l Computer Software and Application Conf. Los Alamitos, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press.2000, pp:429-435.
[18]M Braga, M Mattoso, CML Werner. The use of mediation and ontology technologies for software component information retrieval[J]. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 2001,26(3):19-28.
[19]马亮,谢冰,杨芙清.多构件库统一刻面检索机制[J].电子学报,2002,30(12A)：2149-2152.
[20]邵凌霜,李田,赵俊峰等.一种可扩展的Web Service QoS管理框架[J].计算机学报,2008,31(8)：1458-1469.
[21]Zeng L et al. QoS-aware middleware for Web services composition [J]. IEEE Transactions on Soft ware Engineering,2004,30(5):311-2327.
[22]Siram N N et al. An architecture for the UniFrame Resource Discovery Service[C]. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Engineering and Middleware, Orlando FL,2002, pp:20-35.
[23]Mikic-Rakic M, S M, Medvidovic N. Improving availability in large, distributed component-based systems via redeployment[C]. Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Component Deployment. Grenoble, France.2005, pp:83-98.
[24]Benatallah B, Dumas M, Sheng QZ, Ngu A. Declarative composition and peer-to-peer provisioning of dynamic Web services[C]. In:Proc of the 18th Int'l Conf on Data Engineering. San Jose:IEEE Computer Society,2002, pp:297-308.
[25]Casati F, Ilnicki S, Jin LJ, Krishnamoorthy V, Shan MC. eFlow:A platform for developing and managing composition e-services[R]. Technical Report, HPL-2000-36, HP Laboratories Palo Alto,2000.
[26]Liu YT, Anne HH, Zeng LZ. QoS computation and policing in dynamic Web service selection[C]. In:Proc.of the WWW 2004. New York:ACM,2004, pp:66-73.
[27]刘书雷,刘云翔,张帆,唐桂芬,景宁.一种服务聚合中QoS全局最优服务动态选择算法[J].软件学报,2007,18(3)：646-656.
[28]范小芹,蒋昌俊,王俊丽,庞善臣.随机QoS感知的可靠Web服务组合[J].软件学报,2009,20(3)：546-556.
[29]韩晶晶,徐中伟,喻钢.面向安全性需求的构件组装[J].计算机工程,2008,34(22)：153-155.
[30]Raman B., Katz R. H.. Load balancing and stability issues in algorithms for service composition[C]. In:Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM 2003, San Francisco, CA,2003, pp: 1477-1478.
[31]廖渊,唐磊,李明树.一种基于QoS的服务构件组合方法[J].计算机学报,2005,28(4)： 627-634.
[32]李琰,李田,谢冰等.一种基于P2P支持检索条件重构的构件库互联技术[J].计算机研究与发展,2007,44(12)：2122-2129.
[33]J Alkerdine,L Melville, I Sommerville. Dependability properties of P2P architectures[C]. Pr oc of the 2nd Int'l Conf on Peer-to-Peer Computing, Los Alamitos, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press,2002, pp:173-174.
[34]孟宪福,王迎春,史磊.基于P2P的路由查询机制[J].计算机工程,2008,34(9)：148-150.
[35]D Lucredio, A Prado F, E S de Almeida. A survey on software components search and retrieval[C]. Proc of the 30th Euromicro Conf. Los Alamitos, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press,2004, pp:152-159.
[36]Pan Ying, Wang Lei, Zhang Lu, et al. Relevancy based semantic interoperation of reuse repositories[C]. Proc of the 12th ACM SIGSOFT Symp on Foundations of Software Engineering. New York:ACM Press,2004, pp:211-220.
[37]郑真,曹宝香.基于P2P的分布式软件构件库检索机制[J].计算机工程,36(2)：48-50.
[38]唐磊,廖渊,李明树,淮晓永.面向普适计算的服务构件动态部署问题及算法[J].计算机研究与发展,2007,44(5)：815-822.
[39]Dustdar S, Schreiner W, Schreiner W. A survey on Web services composition[J]. Int'l Journal of Web and Grid Services,2005,1(1):1-30.
[40]Milanovic N, Malek M. Current solutions for Web service composition[C]. IEEE Internet Computing,2004,8(6):51-59.
[41]Fu-Ming Huang, Ci-Wei Lan, Stephen J.H. Yang. QoS-based Learning Services Composition for Ubiquitous Learning[C]. IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing,2008,12:513-518.
[2]邵凌霜,周立,赵俊峰,谢冰,梅宏.一种Web Service的服务质量预测方法[J].软件学报,2009,20(8)：2062-2073.
[3]Martin D, Burstein M, Lassila 0, et al. OWL-S:Semantic Markup for Web Service[EB/OL]. http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s/1.1/overview/.
[4]Roman D, Keller U, Lausen H., et al. Web Service Modeling Ontology(WSMO)[EB/OL]. http://www.wsmo.org/2004/d2/v1.0/20040920/.2004
[5]张佩云,孙亚民.动态Web服务组合研究[J].计算机科学,2007,4(5).
[6]CARDOSO J, SHETH A. Semantice-workflow comosition[J]. Journal of intelligent information System,2003,8(6):191-225.
[7]RAO JH, KUNGASP, MATSKinM. Logic-basedweb services como-sition:from service description to process model[C]. Proceedings of the international Conference on Web Services. Washington:IEEE Computer Society,2004, pp:446-453.
[8]邓水光,吴健,李莹等.基于回溯树的Web服务自动组合[J].软件学报,2007,18(8)：1896-1910.
[9]K.Verma, K.Gomadam, A.P.Sheth, et al. The METEOR-S Approach for Configuring and Executing Dynamic Web Processes [R]. Technical Report,2005.
[10]J.Pathak, S.Basu, VHonavar. Modeling Web Services by Iterative Reformulation of Functional and Non-functional Requirements [C]. In proceedings the 4th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing(ICSOC), Chicago, USA, December 2006, pp: 314-326.
[11]The SeCSE team. Designing and Deploying Service-Centric Systems:The SeCSE Way[C]. In proceedings of Workshop:Service Oriented Computing:a look at the Inside, ICSOC 2007, Vienna, Austria, September 2007.
[12]D.Roman, et al. Web Service Modeling Ontology[J]. Applied Ontologies,2005,1, pp: 77-106.
[13]倪晚成,刘连臣,吴澄.Web服务组合方法综述[J].计算机科学,2008,34(4)：79-81.
[14]杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤.软件复用与软件构件技术[J].电子学报,1999,27(2)：68-75.
[15]韦华颖,詹剑锋,王沁.分布式构件技术综述[J].计算机应用技术研究,2004,10：12-15.
[16]Browne, J Dongarra, S Green, et al. The national HPCC software exchange[J]. IEEE Computational Science and Engineering,1995,2(2):62-69.
[17]J X Ci, W T T sai. Distributed component hub for reusable software components
management[C]. In:Proc of the 24th Int'l Computer Software and Application Conf. Los Alamitos, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press.2000, pp:429-435.
[18]M Braga, M Mattoso, CML Werner. The use of mediation and ontology technologies for software component information retrieval[J]. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, 2001,26(3):19-28.
[19]马亮,谢冰,杨芙清.多构件库统一刻面检索机制[J].电子学报,2002,30(12A)：2149-2152.
[20]邵凌霜,李田,赵俊峰等.一种可扩展的Web Service QoS管理框架[J].计算机学报,2008,31(8)：1458-1469.
[21]Zeng L et al. QoS-aware middleware for Web services composition [J]. IEEE Transactions on Soft ware Engineering,2004,30(5):311-2327.
[22]Siram N N et al. An architecture for the UniFrame Resource Discovery Service[C]. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software Engineering and Middleware, Orlando FL,2002, pp:20-35.
[23]Mikic-Rakic M, S M, Medvidovic N. Improving availability in large, distributed component-based systems via redeployment[C]. Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Component Deployment. Grenoble, France.2005, pp:83-98.
[24]Benatallah B, Dumas M, Sheng QZ, Ngu A. Declarative composition and peer-to-peer provisioning of dynamic Web services[C]. In:Proc of the 18th Int'l Conf on Data Engineering. San Jose:IEEE Computer Society,2002, pp:297-308.
[25]Casati F, Ilnicki S, Jin LJ, Krishnamoorthy V, Shan MC. eFlow:A platform for developing and managing composition e-services[R]. Technical Report, HPL-2000-36, HP Laboratories Palo Alto,2000.
[26]Liu YT, Anne HH, Zeng LZ. QoS computation and policing in dynamic Web service selection[C]. In:Proc.of the WWW 2004. New York:ACM,2004, pp:66-73.
[27]刘书雷,刘云翔,张帆,唐桂芬,景宁.一种服务聚合中QoS全局最优服务动态选择算法[J].软件学报,2007,18(3)：646-656.
[28]范小芹,蒋昌俊,王俊丽,庞善臣.随机QoS感知的可靠Web服务组合[J].软件学报,2009,20(3)：546-556.
[29]韩晶晶,徐中伟,喻钢.面向安全性需求的构件组装[J].计算机工程,2008,34(22)：153-155.
[30]Raman B., Katz R. H.. Load balancing and stability issues in algorithms for service composition[C]. In:Proceeding of IEEE INFOCOM 2003, San Francisco, CA,2003, pp: 1477-1478.
[31]廖渊,唐磊,李明树.一种基于QoS的服务构件组合方法[J].计算机学报,2005,28(4)： 627-634.
[32]李琰,李田,谢冰等.一种基于P2P支持检索条件重构的构件库互联技术[J].计算机研究与发展,2007,44(12)：2122-2129.
[33]J Alkerdine,L Melville, I Sommerville. Dependability properties of P2P architectures[C]. Pr oc of the 2nd Int'l Conf on Peer-to-Peer Computing, Los Alamitos, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press,2002, pp:173-174.
[34]孟宪福,王迎春,史磊.基于P2P的路由查询机制[J].计算机工程,2008,34(9)：148-150.
[35]D Lucredio, A Prado F, E S de Almeida. A survey on software components search and retrieval[C]. Proc of the 30th Euromicro Conf. Los Alamitos, CA:IEEE Computer Society Press,2004, pp:152-159.
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