基于QoS与服务者获益的Web服务组合模型研究
摘要
Web服务基于XML、SOAP、WSDL、UDDI等技术标准,是一种自我包含、自我描述的模块化应用,它实现平台、编程语言无关性,很好地解决异构平台上应用整合与数据共享问题。随着Web服务技术快速发展以及该技术应用的日趋深入,服务使用者对于Web服务功能和QoS要求逐步提高,服务提供者也期望通过提供Web服务获得更多的收益。
语义Web服务技术的发展为实现基于QoS的Web服务发现、选择以及组合提供了技术基础。然而,在Web服务体系结构的商业应用中,要实现保障QoS和服务提供者获益的目标,还存在多方面的关键技术需要进行研究。例如:Web服务的QoS信息通常是由服务提供者提供,QoS信息客观真实性难以保证;Web服务QoS管理通常采用计算最终QoS值的方法,这种方法不能反映QoS未来变化趋势;在Web服务的QoS反馈评价数据中存在由于主观故意或客观因素造成的不准确QoS评价数据;如何建立保障QoS和最大化服务提供者获益的机制。
本文对上述几个方面关键技术展开研究,给出基于QoS与服务提供者获益的Web服务组合模型。该模型实现Web服务QoS趋势评估算法和基于Web服务QoS趋势的QoS评价误差消除算法,应用这两个算法提高Web服务QoS反馈评估的准确性;实现基于QoS的Web服务发现、选取和组合,确保所形成服务组合方案的有效性,实现分布调用不同服务提供者服务器上的相同功能Web服务;采用最大化服务提供者获益的服务调度算法,保障服务提供者获益。
Web Services technology is based on some technical standards such as XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. It is a self-contained, self-describing, modular technology. It realizes the platform independence and the programming language independence, thus it solves some technical problems such as application integration and data sharing in heterogeneous platforms. With the rapid development of Web Services technology, this technology has been widely used. The users of Web Services require better QoS and the providers of Web Services expect more benefit by providing Web services.
The development of Semantic Web Services technology provides a technical basis for QoS-based Web Services discovery, selection and composition. However in order to ensure QoS and service providers’benefit in SOA applications in business domains, there are some key technologies need to be studied. Under normal circumstances the information of QoS is provided by Web services provider, thus it is difficult to guarantee the objectivity of the QoS information. In existing QoS management studies, the final QoS value is computed to reflect the general QoS of a Web service. Such a single final QoS value cannot reflect QoS trend. Usually there are some inaccurate feedback evaluation data of QoS cased by subjective or objective factors. How to guarantee QoS and maximize the providers’benefit is also a problem.
To deal with the problems above-mentioned a model for Web Services composition based on QoS and providers’benefit is studied. An algorithm for QoS trend evaluation and an algorithm to eliminate the errors in QoS feedback evaluation data are realized in this model. The two algorithms are adopted to enhance the veracity of QoS evaluation. This model realizes QoS-based Web Services discovery, selection and composition, guarantees the availability of Web Services composition. The Web Services request scheduling algorithm in this model maximizes service providers’benefit.
语义Web服务技术的发展为实现基于QoS的Web服务发现、选择以及组合提供了技术基础。然而,在Web服务体系结构的商业应用中,要实现保障QoS和服务提供者获益的目标,还存在多方面的关键技术需要进行研究。例如:Web服务的QoS信息通常是由服务提供者提供,QoS信息客观真实性难以保证;Web服务QoS管理通常采用计算最终QoS值的方法,这种方法不能反映QoS未来变化趋势;在Web服务的QoS反馈评价数据中存在由于主观故意或客观因素造成的不准确QoS评价数据;如何建立保障QoS和最大化服务提供者获益的机制。
本文对上述几个方面关键技术展开研究,给出基于QoS与服务提供者获益的Web服务组合模型。该模型实现Web服务QoS趋势评估算法和基于Web服务QoS趋势的QoS评价误差消除算法,应用这两个算法提高Web服务QoS反馈评估的准确性;实现基于QoS的Web服务发现、选取和组合,确保所形成服务组合方案的有效性,实现分布调用不同服务提供者服务器上的相同功能Web服务;采用最大化服务提供者获益的服务调度算法,保障服务提供者获益。
Web Services technology is based on some technical standards such as XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. It is a self-contained, self-describing, modular technology. It realizes the platform independence and the programming language independence, thus it solves some technical problems such as application integration and data sharing in heterogeneous platforms. With the rapid development of Web Services technology, this technology has been widely used. The users of Web Services require better QoS and the providers of Web Services expect more benefit by providing Web services.
The development of Semantic Web Services technology provides a technical basis for QoS-based Web Services discovery, selection and composition. However in order to ensure QoS and service providers’benefit in SOA applications in business domains, there are some key technologies need to be studied. Under normal circumstances the information of QoS is provided by Web services provider, thus it is difficult to guarantee the objectivity of the QoS information. In existing QoS management studies, the final QoS value is computed to reflect the general QoS of a Web service. Such a single final QoS value cannot reflect QoS trend. Usually there are some inaccurate feedback evaluation data of QoS cased by subjective or objective factors. How to guarantee QoS and maximize the providers’benefit is also a problem.
To deal with the problems above-mentioned a model for Web Services composition based on QoS and providers’benefit is studied. An algorithm for QoS trend evaluation and an algorithm to eliminate the errors in QoS feedback evaluation data are realized in this model. The two algorithms are adopted to enhance the veracity of QoS evaluation. This model realizes QoS-based Web Services discovery, selection and composition, guarantees the availability of Web Services composition. The Web Services request scheduling algorithm in this model maximizes service providers’benefit.
引文
[1]杨胜文,史美林.一种支持QoS约束的Web服务发现模型[J].计算机学报.2005,28(4):589-594.
[2]倪晚成,刘连臣,吴澄.Web服务组合方法综述[J].计算机工程.2008, 34(4):79-81.
[3] Yasmine Charif, Nicolas Sabouret. An Overview of Semantic Web Services Composition Approaches[C]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 2006, 146: 33-41.
[4]邱莉榕,史忠植,林芬,等.基于主体的语义Web服务自动组合研究[J].计算机研究与发展.2007,44 (4):643-650.
[5] RaoJinghai, SuXiaomeng. A Survey of Antomated Web Service Composition Methods [C].In Proeeedings of the First International Workshop on Semantie Web Services and Web Process Composition (SWSWPC 2004). 2004.7.6.
[6]王杰生,李舟军,李梦君.语义Web服务的自动化组合方法:研究综述[J].计算机科学. 2007, 34(6):19-23.
[7] Xia Wang,Tomas VitVar,Mick Ketrigan,et al. A QoS-aware Seleetion Model for Semantic Web Services [J]. Lecture Notes in ComPuter Seienee.2006.
[8] M. Brian Blake, Hassan Gomaa.Agent-oriented compositional approaches to services-based cross-organizational workflow [J]. Decision Support Systems. 2005, 40: 31-50.
[9] Fensel D., Busssler C.The Web Service Modeling Framework WSMF [J].Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2002.
[10]江志雄.基于动态语义的Web服务描述[D].上海:复旦大学.2008.
[11]张正,左春,王裕国.基于语义扩展的Web服务发现方法[J].通信学报.2007, 28(1):57-63.
[12]单宝宁. Web服务组合的研究与应用_服务组合中的QoS管理模型[D].无锡:江南大学.2008.
[13] W3C,Web Services Architecture Requirements[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/M wsa-mgs,Oct.2002
[14]李安渝. Web Service技术与实现[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.
[15] Claus Pahl. Semantic model-driven architecting of service-based software systems [J].Information and Software Technology. 2006.
[16]薛春刚.基于QoS的语义Web服务选择技术的研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学. 2008.
[17] Hongbing Wang, Joshua Zhexue Huang, Yuzhong Qu, et al. Web services: problems and futuredirections [J].Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 2004,1: 309-320.
[18] Muhammad Younas, Irfan Awan and David Duce. An efficient composition of Web services with active network support [J].Expert Systems with Applications. 2006, 31: 859-869.
[19] Jinghai Rao, Peep Kungasa and Mihhail Matskin. Composition of Semantic Web services using Linear Logic theorem proving [J].Information Systems. 2006,31:340-360.
[20] Peng Yuea, Liping Dia, Wenli Yanga, et al. Semantics-based automatic composition of geospatial Web service chains [J].Computers & Geosciences. 2007, 33: 649-665.
[21] L.Zeng, B.Benatallah, A.H.H.Ngu, et al. QoS-aware middleware for Web Service composition[C]. IEEE Transaetionson Soflware Engineering,30(5), May2004.
[22] Jun Shena, Georg Grossmannb, Yun Yang, et al.Analysis of business process integration in Web service context [J]. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2007, 23 : 283-294.
[23] BEA, IBM, Microsoft, SAP and Siebel. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services [EB/OL]. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/web Services/library/ws-bpel/, 2003.
[24] Fabio Casati,LiJie Jin,Vasudev Krishnamootthyl,et al. Adaptive and Dynamic Service Composition in eFlow[C],In Proceedings of 12 th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE).
[25] J.Yang, M.P.Papazoglou. Web component: A substract for Web service reuse and composition[C], In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 2005.
[26] Jorge Cardoso, Amit Sheth, John Miller, et al. Quality of service for workflows and web service processes [J]. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 2004, 1: 281-308.
[27]单志广,林闯,肖人毅,等. Web QoS控制研究综述[J].计算机学报.2004,27(2):640-651.
[28] Syed Muhammad Ahsan.A framework for QoS computation in web service and technology selection [J].Computer Standards & Interfaces. 2006, 28 :714-720.
[29] Hei-Chia Wang, Chang-Shing Lee and Tsung-Hsien Ho. Combining subjective and objective QoS factors for personalized web service selection [J]. Expert Systems with Applications. 2007, 32: 571-584.
[30] San-Yih Hwang, Haojun Wang, Jian Tang, et al.A probabilistic approach to modeling and estimating the QoS of web-services-based workflows [J]. Information Sciences. 2007, 177 : 5484– 5503.
[31] Yi Sun, Shaoyi He and Jack Y.Leu. Syndicating Web Services: A QoS and user-driven approach [J].Decision Support Systems. 2007, 43: 243-255.
[32] Vassiliki Diamadopoulou, Christos Makris,Yannis Panagis, et al. Techniques to support Web Service selection and consumption with QoS characteristics[J]. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 2006.
[33]冯兴智.基于服务质量的动态Web服务组合关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学.2007.
[34]张文博,陈宁江,魏峻,等.QoS获益驱动的中间件调度框架研究[J].软件学报. 2006, 17 (6) :1381-1390.
[35]王萍,侯红,单云.基于QoS的Web服务动态组合模型[J].计算机工程与设计.2007,28(10):2494- 2497.
[36] Chen Zhou, Liang-Tien Chia, and Bu-Sung Lee. DAML-QoS Ontology for web Services[C]. In ICWS04.2004.
[37]杨华杰,张尧学,周悦芝,等.基于Agent实现Web服务的按需计算[J].计算机工程与应用.2009,19:132-136.
[38]许德正,白晓颖,戴桂兰. Agent技术在Web服务中的应用探讨[J].计算机科学. 2008, 35(1): 141- 143.
[39] Shuying Wang, Weiming Shen and Qi Hao. An agent-based Web service workflow model for inter-enterprise collaboration [J]. Expert Systems with Applications. 2006, 31: 787–799.
[40] Y. Wang, V. Varadharajan. Interaction trust evaluation in decentralized environments. In K. Bauknecht, M. Bichler, and B. Pr¨oll, editors, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies (EC-Web’04), volume LNCS 3182, Springer-Verlag, pages 144–153, Zaragoza, Spain, August-September 2004.
[41] G. Zacharia, P. Maes. Trust management through reputation mechanisms [J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence Journal. 2000, 9:881–908.
[42] S. Rao. Applied Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists [M]. Prentice Hall, 2002.
[2]倪晚成,刘连臣,吴澄.Web服务组合方法综述[J].计算机工程.2008, 34(4):79-81.
[3] Yasmine Charif, Nicolas Sabouret. An Overview of Semantic Web Services Composition Approaches[C]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 2006, 146: 33-41.
[4]邱莉榕,史忠植,林芬,等.基于主体的语义Web服务自动组合研究[J].计算机研究与发展.2007,44 (4):643-650.
[5] RaoJinghai, SuXiaomeng. A Survey of Antomated Web Service Composition Methods [C].In Proeeedings of the First International Workshop on Semantie Web Services and Web Process Composition (SWSWPC 2004). 2004.7.6.
[6]王杰生,李舟军,李梦君.语义Web服务的自动化组合方法:研究综述[J].计算机科学. 2007, 34(6):19-23.
[7] Xia Wang,Tomas VitVar,Mick Ketrigan,et al. A QoS-aware Seleetion Model for Semantic Web Services [J]. Lecture Notes in ComPuter Seienee.2006.
[8] M. Brian Blake, Hassan Gomaa.Agent-oriented compositional approaches to services-based cross-organizational workflow [J]. Decision Support Systems. 2005, 40: 31-50.
[9] Fensel D., Busssler C.The Web Service Modeling Framework WSMF [J].Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2002.
[10]江志雄.基于动态语义的Web服务描述[D].上海:复旦大学.2008.
[11]张正,左春,王裕国.基于语义扩展的Web服务发现方法[J].通信学报.2007, 28(1):57-63.
[12]单宝宁. Web服务组合的研究与应用_服务组合中的QoS管理模型[D].无锡:江南大学.2008.
[13] W3C,Web Services Architecture Requirements[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/M wsa-mgs,Oct.2002
[14]李安渝. Web Service技术与实现[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.
[15] Claus Pahl. Semantic model-driven architecting of service-based software systems [J].Information and Software Technology. 2006.
[16]薛春刚.基于QoS的语义Web服务选择技术的研究[D].北京:北京邮电大学. 2008.
[17] Hongbing Wang, Joshua Zhexue Huang, Yuzhong Qu, et al. Web services: problems and futuredirections [J].Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 2004,1: 309-320.
[18] Muhammad Younas, Irfan Awan and David Duce. An efficient composition of Web services with active network support [J].Expert Systems with Applications. 2006, 31: 859-869.
[19] Jinghai Rao, Peep Kungasa and Mihhail Matskin. Composition of Semantic Web services using Linear Logic theorem proving [J].Information Systems. 2006,31:340-360.
[20] Peng Yuea, Liping Dia, Wenli Yanga, et al. Semantics-based automatic composition of geospatial Web service chains [J].Computers & Geosciences. 2007, 33: 649-665.
[21] L.Zeng, B.Benatallah, A.H.H.Ngu, et al. QoS-aware middleware for Web Service composition[C]. IEEE Transaetionson Soflware Engineering,30(5), May2004.
[22] Jun Shena, Georg Grossmannb, Yun Yang, et al.Analysis of business process integration in Web service context [J]. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2007, 23 : 283-294.
[23] BEA, IBM, Microsoft, SAP and Siebel. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services [EB/OL]. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/web Services/library/ws-bpel/, 2003.
[24] Fabio Casati,LiJie Jin,Vasudev Krishnamootthyl,et al. Adaptive and Dynamic Service Composition in eFlow[C],In Proceedings of 12 th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE).
[25] J.Yang, M.P.Papazoglou. Web component: A substract for Web service reuse and composition[C], In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference for Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 2005.
[26] Jorge Cardoso, Amit Sheth, John Miller, et al. Quality of service for workflows and web service processes [J]. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 2004, 1: 281-308.
[27]单志广,林闯,肖人毅,等. Web QoS控制研究综述[J].计算机学报.2004,27(2):640-651.
[28] Syed Muhammad Ahsan.A framework for QoS computation in web service and technology selection [J].Computer Standards & Interfaces. 2006, 28 :714-720.
[29] Hei-Chia Wang, Chang-Shing Lee and Tsung-Hsien Ho. Combining subjective and objective QoS factors for personalized web service selection [J]. Expert Systems with Applications. 2007, 32: 571-584.
[30] San-Yih Hwang, Haojun Wang, Jian Tang, et al.A probabilistic approach to modeling and estimating the QoS of web-services-based workflows [J]. Information Sciences. 2007, 177 : 5484– 5503.
[31] Yi Sun, Shaoyi He and Jack Y.Leu. Syndicating Web Services: A QoS and user-driven approach [J].Decision Support Systems. 2007, 43: 243-255.
[32] Vassiliki Diamadopoulou, Christos Makris,Yannis Panagis, et al. Techniques to support Web Service selection and consumption with QoS characteristics[J]. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 2006.
[33]冯兴智.基于服务质量的动态Web服务组合关键技术研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学.2007.
[34]张文博,陈宁江,魏峻,等.QoS获益驱动的中间件调度框架研究[J].软件学报. 2006, 17 (6) :1381-1390.
[35]王萍,侯红,单云.基于QoS的Web服务动态组合模型[J].计算机工程与设计.2007,28(10):2494- 2497.
[36] Chen Zhou, Liang-Tien Chia, and Bu-Sung Lee. DAML-QoS Ontology for web Services[C]. In ICWS04.2004.
[37]杨华杰,张尧学,周悦芝,等.基于Agent实现Web服务的按需计算[J].计算机工程与应用.2009,19:132-136.
[38]许德正,白晓颖,戴桂兰. Agent技术在Web服务中的应用探讨[J].计算机科学. 2008, 35(1): 141- 143.
[39] Shuying Wang, Weiming Shen and Qi Hao. An agent-based Web service workflow model for inter-enterprise collaboration [J]. Expert Systems with Applications. 2006, 31: 787–799.
[40] Y. Wang, V. Varadharajan. Interaction trust evaluation in decentralized environments. In K. Bauknecht, M. Bichler, and B. Pr¨oll, editors, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies (EC-Web’04), volume LNCS 3182, Springer-Verlag, pages 144–153, Zaragoza, Spain, August-September 2004.
[41] G. Zacharia, P. Maes. Trust management through reputation mechanisms [J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence Journal. 2000, 9:881–908.
[42] S. Rao. Applied Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists [M]. Prentice Hall, 2002.