隧道中的电波传播特性与中继技术研究
摘要
无线电波在海面、城市中心、山区、隧道、地铁等复杂环境下或高速度运动、电磁干扰等情况下,由于路径损耗、多径效应、多普勒效应、噪声等的影响,传播情况非常复杂。因此无线通信中的信道分析和实现通信目标区域的场强覆盖变得非常重要,以保证无线通信在这些区域能正常进行。中继技术可以用于解决这些特殊电磁区域的场强覆盖。
本文首先介绍了与研究领域有关的中继技术、无线电波传播规律及无线传播环境的相关知识。介绍了几种计算电磁学方法,并进行了简单的比较。
然后本文选用几何光学法对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞中的电磁传播特性进行了研究和分析。棚洞是一种很有前途的环保型隧道。矩形隧道和矩形棚洞属于特殊限定空间,为保证其中无线通信的正常进行,需对其中的电磁传播特点进行研究并解决其无线信号覆盖的问题。本文对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞内的场强分布进行了研究,总结了不同几何尺寸、电磁传播频率、电磁极化方式下,其中的电磁传播特点,发现其具有很明显的多径衰落现象。在国内首次对棚洞中的电磁传播进行了研究,编写出了相关的仿真程序,可以很方便快捷的对矩形棚洞内的电磁传播特性进行仿真和分析。并在对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞内电磁传播特点分析的基础上,研究了在这种特殊的电磁传播环境下的中继技术。在国内首次对棚洞中无线中继技术的运用进行研究,并给出了分析和研究结果。并对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞中电波多径传播对无线通信的影响进行了分析,并对在矩形隧道和矩形棚洞中各种通信模式抗多径、干扰、噪声的能力进行了研究。
本文最后进行了总结,对下一代无线通信中,特别是在协作通信系统中无线中继的应用进行了初步介绍,对其可能突破方向进行了初步探讨。
Radio waves propagation in complex electromagnetic environment, such as sea, city center, mountain, tunnel, subway, or objects with high-speed movement, electromagnetic interference, path loss, Multipath effect, Doppler effect, noise interference, and so on, is very complex. Therefore, the wireless communication channel analysis, electromagnetic field intensity coverage in the area has become very important, to ensure that wireless communication is normal in these regions. Relay technology can be useful in these special electromagnetic regions.
First, this article introduced a little knowledge of radio wave propagation and wireless communication environment. They are related with relay technology. Then introduced several computational electromagnetics methods, and given the simple comparison.
Then use geometrical optical method, research and analysis the electromagnetic propagation characteristics of rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel. Hangar tunnel is a promising environmental-friendly tunnel. Normal tunnel and hangar tunnel belongs to the special limited space, in order to ensure the communication can use in these special areas, so we need to study the electromagnetic propagation characteristics and solve the wireless signal coverage problem. This article study electromagnetic field intensity coverage in the rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel. Summarized their characteristics in different geometry size, different electromagnetic transmission frequency, different electromagnetic polarization mode, shown there exists very obvious phenomenon of multipath fading. For the first time in China to study electromagnetic propagation characteristics in hangar tunnel, and compiled the related simulation program. It can be used for computer simulation and analysis in rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel electromagnetic propagation. Effect of multipath propagation in rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel on wireless communication is analyzed.
Based on this, relay technology in this special electromagnetic propagation environment has been studied. For the first time to study relay technology in hangar tunnel, and given the analysis and research results. Analyzed the impact of multipath propagation on wireless communication, and Analyzed the communication modes' ability of anti-multipath, anti-interference, anti-noise in the rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel.
Then introduced the special application of relay in next generation of wireless communications, focused on its application in cooperative communication system, and then discussed some possible breakthrough directions.
本文首先介绍了与研究领域有关的中继技术、无线电波传播规律及无线传播环境的相关知识。介绍了几种计算电磁学方法,并进行了简单的比较。
然后本文选用几何光学法对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞中的电磁传播特性进行了研究和分析。棚洞是一种很有前途的环保型隧道。矩形隧道和矩形棚洞属于特殊限定空间,为保证其中无线通信的正常进行,需对其中的电磁传播特点进行研究并解决其无线信号覆盖的问题。本文对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞内的场强分布进行了研究,总结了不同几何尺寸、电磁传播频率、电磁极化方式下,其中的电磁传播特点,发现其具有很明显的多径衰落现象。在国内首次对棚洞中的电磁传播进行了研究,编写出了相关的仿真程序,可以很方便快捷的对矩形棚洞内的电磁传播特性进行仿真和分析。并在对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞内电磁传播特点分析的基础上,研究了在这种特殊的电磁传播环境下的中继技术。在国内首次对棚洞中无线中继技术的运用进行研究,并给出了分析和研究结果。并对矩形隧道和矩形棚洞中电波多径传播对无线通信的影响进行了分析,并对在矩形隧道和矩形棚洞中各种通信模式抗多径、干扰、噪声的能力进行了研究。
本文最后进行了总结,对下一代无线通信中,特别是在协作通信系统中无线中继的应用进行了初步介绍,对其可能突破方向进行了初步探讨。
Radio waves propagation in complex electromagnetic environment, such as sea, city center, mountain, tunnel, subway, or objects with high-speed movement, electromagnetic interference, path loss, Multipath effect, Doppler effect, noise interference, and so on, is very complex. Therefore, the wireless communication channel analysis, electromagnetic field intensity coverage in the area has become very important, to ensure that wireless communication is normal in these regions. Relay technology can be useful in these special electromagnetic regions.
First, this article introduced a little knowledge of radio wave propagation and wireless communication environment. They are related with relay technology. Then introduced several computational electromagnetics methods, and given the simple comparison.
Then use geometrical optical method, research and analysis the electromagnetic propagation characteristics of rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel. Hangar tunnel is a promising environmental-friendly tunnel. Normal tunnel and hangar tunnel belongs to the special limited space, in order to ensure the communication can use in these special areas, so we need to study the electromagnetic propagation characteristics and solve the wireless signal coverage problem. This article study electromagnetic field intensity coverage in the rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel. Summarized their characteristics in different geometry size, different electromagnetic transmission frequency, different electromagnetic polarization mode, shown there exists very obvious phenomenon of multipath fading. For the first time in China to study electromagnetic propagation characteristics in hangar tunnel, and compiled the related simulation program. It can be used for computer simulation and analysis in rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel electromagnetic propagation. Effect of multipath propagation in rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel on wireless communication is analyzed.
Based on this, relay technology in this special electromagnetic propagation environment has been studied. For the first time to study relay technology in hangar tunnel, and given the analysis and research results. Analyzed the impact of multipath propagation on wireless communication, and Analyzed the communication modes' ability of anti-multipath, anti-interference, anti-noise in the rectangular tunnel and rectangular hangar tunnel.
Then introduced the special application of relay in next generation of wireless communications, focused on its application in cooperative communication system, and then discussed some possible breakthrough directions.
引文
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[4]涂良红.海上波导传播特性试验分析与模理论研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[5]刘成国.蒸发波导环境特性和传播特性及其应用研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2003.
[6]吴凡.大气波导中的抛物型方程法研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[7]黎杨.抛物型方程的有限差分解法及其在复杂电磁环境中的应用[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010.
[8]杨名.对流层散射信道对信号波形的影响与分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011,13-15.
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[14]包晓晶.无线中继协作网络的资源分配研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2010.
[15]刘芳.无线协同中继技术及性能研究[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2010.
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[25]焦培南,张忠冶.雷达环境与电波传播特性[M].电子工业出版社,2007.
[26]Kerr D.E. Propagation of short radio waves[M].MIT Radiation Laboratory Series, New York, 1951:Chapter 1-7.
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[28]姜咸宁,王震庄.流星余迹通信综述[J].电力系统自动化,1984,2：48-56.
[29]蔡吕毅,张安相,潘卫平.流星余迹通信技术特征及影响[J].通信技术,2011,44(11)：13-15.
[30]Francois Du Castel. Tropospheric Radiowave Propagation Beyond the Horizon [M]. Oxford, 1966, Chapter 111-Ⅴ.
[31]Norton, K.A. The Calculation of Ground-wave Field Intensity Over a Finitely Conducting Spherical Earth[C]. Proceedings of the IRE,29(12):623-639.
[32](美)William C.Y.Lee著.移动通信工程理论和应用(第二版)[M].宋维模等译.北京：人民邮电出版社,2002：78.124.
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