科技型创业企业知识资本对企业绩效的影响研究
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摘要
创业与创新活动作为科学技术转化为现实生产力的桥梁,正日益成为经济发展的引擎和重要推动力,高技术产业已逐渐成为推动世界经济增长的主要动力。科技型创业企业作为高技术产业的重要主体,以其对经济发展的突出贡献,而成为国民经济发展中最具活力的增长点。随着高科技创业浪潮的兴起,使得知识资本在创业进程中的作用凸现出来,成为新经济背景下财富创造和价值实现的重要资本。因此本文选择科技型创业企业为研究对象,探讨知识资本对企业绩效的影响。
在文献综述、理论分析的基础上,文章首先构建了科技型创业企业知识资本——企业绩效模型,并且根据模型设计了相应的测试量表。问卷的发放地区包括西安、重庆、郑州、武汉、长沙、杭州、南京、苏州、广州、深圳、长春、沈阳等地,共回收有效问卷为435份,基本符合研究的需要。量表的信度以及模型的结构效度分析,都达到比较满意的水平。通过结构方程模型对数据分析后得出如下结果:
一、Johan Roos等人所提出的知识资本四维度结构在中国科技型创业企业下得到了验证,即科技型创业企业知识资本可以划分为人力资本、流程资本、关系资本、创新资本。四个维度相互影响、相互依托,共同作用为企业带来竞争优势。
二、不同创业成长阶段企业的知识资本结构有所差异。处于创业成长期的科技型创业企业在流程资本和关系资本方面比较显著的高于孕育期和起步期的企业。不同规模的科技型创业企业在人力资本、关系资本和创新资本等方面都没有显著差异,而在流程资本方面存在显著差异。公司资产规模在4000万以下的企业在流程资本方面显著低于4000万以上的企业。不同区域科技型创业企业的知识资本结构有显著差异。长三角地区的企业在人力资本、流程资本、关系资本、创新资本方面显著的高于其它地区。
三、知识资本对企业绩效存在显著的正向影响,但各构成维度对企业绩效的贡献程度有所差别。其中在知识资本的四个维度中,人力资本、关系资本、创新资本对企业绩效具有直接的贡献作用,且人力资本对企业绩效的贡献率是最大的,创新资本次之,关系资本最小,而流程资本未通过检验。
Entrepreneurship and innovation, as the bridge of translating science and technology into productive forces, is increasingly becoming the engine of the economic development . And the high-tech industry has gradually become an important driving force of the world economic growth. High-tech start-ups as an important mainstay of economic development for its outstanding contribution to the development of the national economy have become the most dynamic growth part. The rise of the tide of high-tech venture makes the role of knowledge display in the venture capital process and become an important capital in the new economy against the background of wealth creation and the value realization. This article is therefore to choose science and technology start-ups for the study to explore the effect that Intellectual Capital to the enterprise performance.
On the basis of the literature review and the theoretical analysis, first the article builds the model about the Intellectual Capital of High-tech start-ups and Enterprise Performance, and designs the appropriate scale testing. The questionnaire included Xi'an, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changchun and Shenyang and so on, for a total of 435 valid questionnaires recovered, which is basically in line with the needs of the study. Reliability of model, as well as the validity analysis of the structure, has reached satisfactory levels. Through structural equation model the results of the draw are as follows:
First, the Intellectual Capital in the four-dimensional structure of the Chinese science and High-tech start-ups raised by Johan Roos and others have been under verification, that is, the Intellectual Capital of High-tech start-ups can be divided into Human Capital, Process Capital, Relational Capital and Innovation Capital. The four-dimensional interacts with each other, working together to bring a competitive advantage.
Second, the structure of Intellectual Capital is different in different stages of venture capital enterprises. The Process Capital and the Relation capital at the long-term are higher than the gestation period and start-ups. The human Capital, the Relation Capital and Innovation Capital have no significant differences between different sizes of high-tech start-ups, but the Process Capital is not. The Process Capital of the company whose assets is below 40,000,000 is significantly lowers than the enterprise over 40,000,000. Intellectual Capital structure has significant differences between different areas of science and technology venture. The Human Capital, the Process Capital, the Relation Capital and Innovation Capital in Yangtze River region are significantly higher than that of other regions.
Third, the Intellectual Capital of the enterprise has a significant positive impact on the performance, but the dimension of the various components has a different contribution. In the four dimensions of intellectual capital, human capital, the Relation Capital and Innovation Capital of the enterprise performance has a direct contribution and the role of the Human Capital is the largest, following is the Innovation Capital, the Relation Capital is the minimum capital, the Process capital did not pass inspection.
在文献综述、理论分析的基础上,文章首先构建了科技型创业企业知识资本——企业绩效模型,并且根据模型设计了相应的测试量表。问卷的发放地区包括西安、重庆、郑州、武汉、长沙、杭州、南京、苏州、广州、深圳、长春、沈阳等地,共回收有效问卷为435份,基本符合研究的需要。量表的信度以及模型的结构效度分析,都达到比较满意的水平。通过结构方程模型对数据分析后得出如下结果:
一、Johan Roos等人所提出的知识资本四维度结构在中国科技型创业企业下得到了验证,即科技型创业企业知识资本可以划分为人力资本、流程资本、关系资本、创新资本。四个维度相互影响、相互依托,共同作用为企业带来竞争优势。
二、不同创业成长阶段企业的知识资本结构有所差异。处于创业成长期的科技型创业企业在流程资本和关系资本方面比较显著的高于孕育期和起步期的企业。不同规模的科技型创业企业在人力资本、关系资本和创新资本等方面都没有显著差异,而在流程资本方面存在显著差异。公司资产规模在4000万以下的企业在流程资本方面显著低于4000万以上的企业。不同区域科技型创业企业的知识资本结构有显著差异。长三角地区的企业在人力资本、流程资本、关系资本、创新资本方面显著的高于其它地区。
三、知识资本对企业绩效存在显著的正向影响,但各构成维度对企业绩效的贡献程度有所差别。其中在知识资本的四个维度中,人力资本、关系资本、创新资本对企业绩效具有直接的贡献作用,且人力资本对企业绩效的贡献率是最大的,创新资本次之,关系资本最小,而流程资本未通过检验。
Entrepreneurship and innovation, as the bridge of translating science and technology into productive forces, is increasingly becoming the engine of the economic development . And the high-tech industry has gradually become an important driving force of the world economic growth. High-tech start-ups as an important mainstay of economic development for its outstanding contribution to the development of the national economy have become the most dynamic growth part. The rise of the tide of high-tech venture makes the role of knowledge display in the venture capital process and become an important capital in the new economy against the background of wealth creation and the value realization. This article is therefore to choose science and technology start-ups for the study to explore the effect that Intellectual Capital to the enterprise performance.
On the basis of the literature review and the theoretical analysis, first the article builds the model about the Intellectual Capital of High-tech start-ups and Enterprise Performance, and designs the appropriate scale testing. The questionnaire included Xi'an, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Suzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changchun and Shenyang and so on, for a total of 435 valid questionnaires recovered, which is basically in line with the needs of the study. Reliability of model, as well as the validity analysis of the structure, has reached satisfactory levels. Through structural equation model the results of the draw are as follows:
First, the Intellectual Capital in the four-dimensional structure of the Chinese science and High-tech start-ups raised by Johan Roos and others have been under verification, that is, the Intellectual Capital of High-tech start-ups can be divided into Human Capital, Process Capital, Relational Capital and Innovation Capital. The four-dimensional interacts with each other, working together to bring a competitive advantage.
Second, the structure of Intellectual Capital is different in different stages of venture capital enterprises. The Process Capital and the Relation capital at the long-term are higher than the gestation period and start-ups. The human Capital, the Relation Capital and Innovation Capital have no significant differences between different sizes of high-tech start-ups, but the Process Capital is not. The Process Capital of the company whose assets is below 40,000,000 is significantly lowers than the enterprise over 40,000,000. Intellectual Capital structure has significant differences between different areas of science and technology venture. The Human Capital, the Process Capital, the Relation Capital and Innovation Capital in Yangtze River region are significantly higher than that of other regions.
Third, the Intellectual Capital of the enterprise has a significant positive impact on the performance, but the dimension of the various components has a different contribution. In the four dimensions of intellectual capital, human capital, the Relation Capital and Innovation Capital of the enterprise performance has a direct contribution and the role of the Human Capital is the largest, following is the Innovation Capital, the Relation Capital is the minimum capital, the Process capital did not pass inspection.
引文
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