企业知识资本与出口绩效关系研究
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摘要
21世纪的人类社会已经进入了一个以知识为主导的时代,知识正在逐步取代传统生产要素——资本、劳动和土地成为企业最主要的资源。随着跨国经营成为企业战略的重要选择,根据国际化阶段理论和知识基础论观点,企业知识是企业在出口中获取竞争优势的重要来源。本文主要是探讨制造业企业知识资本与出口绩效的关系。在整合国内外学者在知识资本构成及评价的基础上,将知识资本划分成人力资本、结构资本和关系资本三个维度,每个维度又细分了三个评估构面。
本文研究以长株潭地区制造业出口企业为调研对象,问卷发放主要通过实地发放和电子邮件的方式,请企业中层及以上管理者填写,研究使用SPSS16.0软件进行数据分析。经过相关分析和回归分析,研究模型中大部分变量之间的关系都得到了证明。
研究主要结论如下:
第一、企业人力资本对出口绩效有正向影响;
第二、企业结构资本对出口绩效有正向影响;
第三、企业关系资本对出口绩效有正向影响。
同时由于可得资料和自身能力的限制,本文对有关问题的论述还显得不够深入,有待今后进一步研究完善。
The human society in the 21st century has already entered an era led by knowledge. Knowledge is gradually replacing traditional factors of production, namely capital, labor and land, as the chief resource for enterprise development. Transnational operation has been one of the most important strategic choices of domestic enterprises. From the internationalization process theory and knowledge-based views, enterprise's knowledge is the key sourse of competitive advantage of enterprises. The paper attempts to discuss the relationships between intellectual capital and export performance. On the basis of integrating Chinese and foreign scholars'empirical studies about intellectual capital composition and evaluation, This thesis raises three dimensionality—human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and each dimensionality fractionizes to three evaluating component aspects.
This research targets in changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan three regions' manufacturing export enterprises. The questionaries were mainly sent out by field extending and E-mail, and were filled in by senior managers. The research processes the data using the software SPSS16.0.Through correlation and regression analysis, most hypothesises which are brought up from the conceptual model are testified.
The major conclusions of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, enterprise's human capital has significant positive impact on export performance;
Secondly, enterprise's structural capital has significant positive impact on export performance.
Thirdly, enterprise's relational capital has significant positive impact on export performance.
At the same time, owing to the limited acquirability information and self ability, the paper on some problems discussion appears not deep enough, it still need further study to make it perfect.
本文研究以长株潭地区制造业出口企业为调研对象,问卷发放主要通过实地发放和电子邮件的方式,请企业中层及以上管理者填写,研究使用SPSS16.0软件进行数据分析。经过相关分析和回归分析,研究模型中大部分变量之间的关系都得到了证明。
研究主要结论如下:
第一、企业人力资本对出口绩效有正向影响;
第二、企业结构资本对出口绩效有正向影响;
第三、企业关系资本对出口绩效有正向影响。
同时由于可得资料和自身能力的限制,本文对有关问题的论述还显得不够深入,有待今后进一步研究完善。
The human society in the 21st century has already entered an era led by knowledge. Knowledge is gradually replacing traditional factors of production, namely capital, labor and land, as the chief resource for enterprise development. Transnational operation has been one of the most important strategic choices of domestic enterprises. From the internationalization process theory and knowledge-based views, enterprise's knowledge is the key sourse of competitive advantage of enterprises. The paper attempts to discuss the relationships between intellectual capital and export performance. On the basis of integrating Chinese and foreign scholars'empirical studies about intellectual capital composition and evaluation, This thesis raises three dimensionality—human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and each dimensionality fractionizes to three evaluating component aspects.
This research targets in changsha-zhuzhou-xiangtan three regions' manufacturing export enterprises. The questionaries were mainly sent out by field extending and E-mail, and were filled in by senior managers. The research processes the data using the software SPSS16.0.Through correlation and regression analysis, most hypothesises which are brought up from the conceptual model are testified.
The major conclusions of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, enterprise's human capital has significant positive impact on export performance;
Secondly, enterprise's structural capital has significant positive impact on export performance.
Thirdly, enterprise's relational capital has significant positive impact on export performance.
At the same time, owing to the limited acquirability information and self ability, the paper on some problems discussion appears not deep enough, it still need further study to make it perfect.
引文
[1]余光胜.《企业发展的知识分析》[M].北京:上海财经大学出版社,1998.10
[2]Bontis,N.,W.C.C.Keow,S.Richardson.Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital,2000,1
[3]Bassi,L.J.and Van Bure,M.E.Valuing investment in intellectual capital[J].International Joural of Technology Management,2002,18:414-432
[4]Harrison,S.and Sullivan.Profiting from intellectual capital:Learning from leading companies[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital,2001,1:33-46
[5]周航,腾春贤.高新技术企业智力资本的结构与测度[J].理论探讨,2000,2:55-56
[6]王勇,许庆瑞.智力资本及其测度研究[J].研究与发展管理,2002,14:11-16
[7]王谨瑜.智力资本的评估[J].科研管理,2001,22:79-83
[8]Bontis,N.There's a price on your head:Manging intellectual capital strategically[J].Ivey Business Quarterly,1996,60:40-47
[9]Stewart,T.A.Intellectual capital:The new wealth of organizations,Doubleday[M].A Division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Press.1997
[10]Roos,G.and Roos,J.Measuring your company's intellectual performance[J].Long Range Planning,1997,30:413-426
[11]Masoulas,V.Organization requirement definition for intellectual capital management[J].Intellectual Journal of Technology Management,1998,16:126-143
[12]Nahapiet,J.and Ghoshal,S.Social capital,Intellectual capital,and The organization advantage[J].Intellectual Journal of Technology Management,1998,2:242-266
[13]Ulrich,D.Intellectual capital=competence~*commitment[J].Management Accounting,1998,2:15-26
[14]Hubert,Saint-onge.Tacit knowledge:The key to the strategic aligment of intellectual capital[J].Strategy&Leadership,1996,24:10-14
[15]Edvinsson,L.Developing intellectual capital at Skandia[J].Long Range Planning,1997,30:366-373
[16]Sveiby,K-E.Intellectual capital:Thinking ahead[J].Australian CPA,1998,68:18-22
[17]Brooking,A.,Board,P.and Jones,S.The predictive potential of intellectual capital[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1998,16:115-125
[18]Van buren,Mark E.A.Yard stick for knowledge management[J].Training and Development,1999,51:71-74
[19]袁庆宏,《企业智力资本管理》[M].北京,经济管理出版社,2001.1
[20]Dzinkowski,R.The measurement and management of intellectual capital:An introduction[J].Management Accouting,2000,78:332-365
[21]陈劲,谢洪源,朱朝晖.企业智力资本评价模型和实证研究[J].中国地质大学学报,2004,4:27-31
[22]木自戈.知识资本——瑞典斯堪的亚保险公司首创知识资本量化评估制度介绍[J].全球科技经济瞭望,1998,3
[23]Carlos,M.P.S.Export Performance Measurement:An Evaluation of the Empirical Research in the Literature[J].Academy of Marketing Science Review,2004,9:1-22
[24]Cavusgil,S.T.&Zou,S.Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship:An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(January):1-21
[25]Wernerfelt,B..A resource-based view of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1984,5:171-180
[26]Barney,J.B.Firm resources and sustained competitive adantage[J].Journal of Management,1991,15:175-190
[27]Li ling-yee,& Gabriel O,G..The influence of interfirm relational capabilities on export advantage and performance:an empirrical analysis[J].International Business Review,2001,10:399-420
[28]Kaleka,A.Resources and capabilities driving competitive advantage in export markets:guidelines for industrial exporters[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2002,273-283
[29]Gabriel Ogunmokun,&Simone,Ng.Factors influencing export performance in international marketing:A study of Australian Firms[J].International Journal of Management,2004
[30]Kogut,B.,&Zander,U.What do firms do?Coordination,identity and learning[J].Organization Science,1996,7:502-518
[31]Karlsen,T.,Silseth,P.R.,&Benito,G.R.G,et al.Knowledge,internationalization of the firm,and inward-outward connections[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2003,32:385-396
[32]Sharma,D.D.,Blomstermo,A.The internationalization process of Born Globals:a network view[J].International Business Review,2003,12:739-753
[33]Yli-Renko,H.,Autio,E.,&Tontti,V.Social capital,knowledge acquisition,and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based new firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22:587-613
[34]Li,L.Y.An examination of the foreign market knowledge of exporting firms based in the People's Republic of China:Its determinants and effect on export intensity[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2004,33:561-572
[35]Li,T.,& Cavusgil,S.T.Decomposing the effects of market knowledge competence in new product export:A dimensionality analysis[J].European Journal of Marketing,2000,34(1):57-79
[36]Rose,GM.,&Shoham,A.Export performance and market orientation:Establishing an empierical link[J].Journal of Business Research,2002:217-225
[37]Denison DR.Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness.New York Wiley,1990
[38]Hunt,S.D.Resource-advantage theory:An evolutionary theory of competitive firm behavior[J].Journal of Economic Issues,1997,31:59-77
[39]Bowen DE,Lawler EE.The empowerment of service workers:what,why,how and when[J].Sloan Manage Rev,1992
[40]Piercy,N.,Katsikeas,C.S.,&Cravens,D.W.Examining the role of buyer-seller relationships in export performance[J].Journal of World Business,1997,32
[41]Dick AS,&Basu K.Customer loyalty:towards an integrated conceptual framework[J].Acad Mark Sci,1989,35:1504-51
[42]Doyle P.,Value based marketing,Chichester wiley,2000
[43]Hunt,S.D.,Resource-advantage theory:An evolutionary theory of competitive firm behavior[J].Journal of Economic Issues,1997,31:59-77
[44]夏先良.知识论[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2000:2.
[45]张婧,黄卉.西方学者对出口绩效研究的评述[J].科技管理研究,2007(1):169-171
[46]胡汉辉、沈群红.西方知识资本理论及其运用[J].经济学动态,1998,7:40-45
[47]沈群红、庄伟钢.从知识资本理论看中国高技术企业经营优势的培养[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1998,9:7-10
[48]沈群红,胡汉辉:“组织知识理论的发展与结构”[J].管理工程学报,1999,1
[49]葛秋萍.知识资本理论的研究现状综述及新发展[J].科技管理研究,2007,4
[50]唐绍欣、刘文.西方知识资本理论述评[J].经济科学,1999,2:98-103
[51]王兴元、成冰.企业知识资本内涵及其评价研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003,9:109-112
[52]赵优珍,徐红.现代信息技术条件下的中小企业国际化——基于知识视角的分析[J].研究与发展管理,2003,5
[53]周怡.中小企业国际化与知识及其网络[D].硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2004
[54]范晓屏.市场导向与出口绩效关系的研究[J].国际贸易问题:2004(3),32-37
[55]张炜.中小高技术企业创业知识资本与成长绩效关系研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江大学,2007
[2]Bontis,N.,W.C.C.Keow,S.Richardson.Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital,2000,1
[3]Bassi,L.J.and Van Bure,M.E.Valuing investment in intellectual capital[J].International Joural of Technology Management,2002,18:414-432
[4]Harrison,S.and Sullivan.Profiting from intellectual capital:Learning from leading companies[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital,2001,1:33-46
[5]周航,腾春贤.高新技术企业智力资本的结构与测度[J].理论探讨,2000,2:55-56
[6]王勇,许庆瑞.智力资本及其测度研究[J].研究与发展管理,2002,14:11-16
[7]王谨瑜.智力资本的评估[J].科研管理,2001,22:79-83
[8]Bontis,N.There's a price on your head:Manging intellectual capital strategically[J].Ivey Business Quarterly,1996,60:40-47
[9]Stewart,T.A.Intellectual capital:The new wealth of organizations,Doubleday[M].A Division of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Press.1997
[10]Roos,G.and Roos,J.Measuring your company's intellectual performance[J].Long Range Planning,1997,30:413-426
[11]Masoulas,V.Organization requirement definition for intellectual capital management[J].Intellectual Journal of Technology Management,1998,16:126-143
[12]Nahapiet,J.and Ghoshal,S.Social capital,Intellectual capital,and The organization advantage[J].Intellectual Journal of Technology Management,1998,2:242-266
[13]Ulrich,D.Intellectual capital=competence~*commitment[J].Management Accounting,1998,2:15-26
[14]Hubert,Saint-onge.Tacit knowledge:The key to the strategic aligment of intellectual capital[J].Strategy&Leadership,1996,24:10-14
[15]Edvinsson,L.Developing intellectual capital at Skandia[J].Long Range Planning,1997,30:366-373
[16]Sveiby,K-E.Intellectual capital:Thinking ahead[J].Australian CPA,1998,68:18-22
[17]Brooking,A.,Board,P.and Jones,S.The predictive potential of intellectual capital[J].International Journal of Technology Management,1998,16:115-125
[18]Van buren,Mark E.A.Yard stick for knowledge management[J].Training and Development,1999,51:71-74
[19]袁庆宏,《企业智力资本管理》[M].北京,经济管理出版社,2001.1
[20]Dzinkowski,R.The measurement and management of intellectual capital:An introduction[J].Management Accouting,2000,78:332-365
[21]陈劲,谢洪源,朱朝晖.企业智力资本评价模型和实证研究[J].中国地质大学学报,2004,4:27-31
[22]木自戈.知识资本——瑞典斯堪的亚保险公司首创知识资本量化评估制度介绍[J].全球科技经济瞭望,1998,3
[23]Carlos,M.P.S.Export Performance Measurement:An Evaluation of the Empirical Research in the Literature[J].Academy of Marketing Science Review,2004,9:1-22
[24]Cavusgil,S.T.&Zou,S.Marketing Strategy-Performance Relationship:An Investigation of the Empirical Link in Export Market Ventures[J].Journal of Marketing,1994,58(January):1-21
[25]Wernerfelt,B..A resource-based view of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1984,5:171-180
[26]Barney,J.B.Firm resources and sustained competitive adantage[J].Journal of Management,1991,15:175-190
[27]Li ling-yee,& Gabriel O,G..The influence of interfirm relational capabilities on export advantage and performance:an empirrical analysis[J].International Business Review,2001,10:399-420
[28]Kaleka,A.Resources and capabilities driving competitive advantage in export markets:guidelines for industrial exporters[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2002,273-283
[29]Gabriel Ogunmokun,&Simone,Ng.Factors influencing export performance in international marketing:A study of Australian Firms[J].International Journal of Management,2004
[30]Kogut,B.,&Zander,U.What do firms do?Coordination,identity and learning[J].Organization Science,1996,7:502-518
[31]Karlsen,T.,Silseth,P.R.,&Benito,G.R.G,et al.Knowledge,internationalization of the firm,and inward-outward connections[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2003,32:385-396
[32]Sharma,D.D.,Blomstermo,A.The internationalization process of Born Globals:a network view[J].International Business Review,2003,12:739-753
[33]Yli-Renko,H.,Autio,E.,&Tontti,V.Social capital,knowledge acquisition,and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based new firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22:587-613
[34]Li,L.Y.An examination of the foreign market knowledge of exporting firms based in the People's Republic of China:Its determinants and effect on export intensity[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2004,33:561-572
[35]Li,T.,& Cavusgil,S.T.Decomposing the effects of market knowledge competence in new product export:A dimensionality analysis[J].European Journal of Marketing,2000,34(1):57-79
[36]Rose,GM.,&Shoham,A.Export performance and market orientation:Establishing an empierical link[J].Journal of Business Research,2002:217-225
[37]Denison DR.Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness.New York Wiley,1990
[38]Hunt,S.D.Resource-advantage theory:An evolutionary theory of competitive firm behavior[J].Journal of Economic Issues,1997,31:59-77
[39]Bowen DE,Lawler EE.The empowerment of service workers:what,why,how and when[J].Sloan Manage Rev,1992
[40]Piercy,N.,Katsikeas,C.S.,&Cravens,D.W.Examining the role of buyer-seller relationships in export performance[J].Journal of World Business,1997,32
[41]Dick AS,&Basu K.Customer loyalty:towards an integrated conceptual framework[J].Acad Mark Sci,1989,35:1504-51
[42]Doyle P.,Value based marketing,Chichester wiley,2000
[43]Hunt,S.D.,Resource-advantage theory:An evolutionary theory of competitive firm behavior[J].Journal of Economic Issues,1997,31:59-77
[44]夏先良.知识论[M].北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,2000:2.
[45]张婧,黄卉.西方学者对出口绩效研究的评述[J].科技管理研究,2007(1):169-171
[46]胡汉辉、沈群红.西方知识资本理论及其运用[J].经济学动态,1998,7:40-45
[47]沈群红、庄伟钢.从知识资本理论看中国高技术企业经营优势的培养[J].科学学与科学技术管理,1998,9:7-10
[48]沈群红,胡汉辉:“组织知识理论的发展与结构”[J].管理工程学报,1999,1
[49]葛秋萍.知识资本理论的研究现状综述及新发展[J].科技管理研究,2007,4
[50]唐绍欣、刘文.西方知识资本理论述评[J].经济科学,1999,2:98-103
[51]王兴元、成冰.企业知识资本内涵及其评价研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2003,9:109-112
[52]赵优珍,徐红.现代信息技术条件下的中小企业国际化——基于知识视角的分析[J].研究与发展管理,2003,5
[53]周怡.中小企业国际化与知识及其网络[D].硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2004
[54]范晓屏.市场导向与出口绩效关系的研究[J].国际贸易问题:2004(3),32-37
[55]张炜.中小高技术企业创业知识资本与成长绩效关系研究[D].博士学位论文,浙江大学,2007