海上搜救模拟人及其漂移模型研究
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摘要
随着我国国内外贸易的发展,从事水上工作的人员迅速增加,与此同时,海难事故时有发生,遇难人数不断增加。本文从试制海上搜救模拟人入手,以建立搜救模拟人漂移模型为目的进行研究,为海事组织制定搜救决策提供数据参考和理论依据,从而提高我国海上搜救的成功率。
首先,本文从人机工程学的角度出发,采用多元线性分析方法,对我国人体各部分测量尺寸进行变量分析,根据人体尺寸测量值的算法,得出了适合我国标准人体50百分位的人体参数；结合对汽车碰撞模拟人、医学模拟人以及航空航天模拟人的研究分析,确定搜救模拟人的性能指标、相关参数等基本要求；根据本文研究目的,对搜救模拟人进行功能设计、参数设计、结构设计；完成对搜救模拟人制作材料、电子设备、传感器等的选型研究；对搜救模拟人人体支架、关节连接、表皮材料进行研究分析,并根据本文研究试验需要,进行总体设计；根据研究成果,对模拟人进行配重、组装、水密,试制海上搜救模拟人。
然后,本文在对溢油漂移模型、失控船漂移模型以及浮标漂移模型研究分析的基础上,以及对模拟人的自身因素考虑,通过对流场的引入,同时考虑风场的作用,利用拉格朗日追踪法,建立搜救模拟人漂移模型；利用MATLAB与VB集成的方法,面向对象开发人机可视界面,实现模拟人的动态漂移运动模拟仿真,为以后完善系统功能提供了研究方法。
最后,对模拟人进行实验测试,检验其功能性、材料性能、传感器以及电子定位系统性能；基于漂流轨迹、运动状态,比较模拟人与真人的相似性；进行海上研究验证搜救模拟人漂流模型的可行性,并对收集的漂流数据进行分析、处理,完善搜救模拟人漂移数学模型。
本文的研究结果为进一步完善海上搜救决策提供了重要参考,促进了模拟人在我国海上搜救领域的发展,为提高我国海上整体搜救实力具有一定的促进作用。
With the developing of national economy,the number of staff engag in working at sea increas rapidly,at the same time,maritime accidents have beening occurred all the time,and the number of death in victims is increasing. In that case,this paper,starting from trying to make rescue dummy,for the purpose of setting up search and rescue dummy drift model,to study supply data reference and theoretical basis for the rescue organization.,so,the rate of our maritime rescue efficiency will be improved.
First of all,this paper starting from the ergonomics point of view,using the method of multiple linear analysis,to study the various parts of China's human dimensions,according to the algorithm body size measurements,to get the parameter of chinese 50-percentile body.;and then,following the studying on car collision dummy,medical dummy and aeronautical dummy,fix on the performance index and related parameters of rescue dummy;following the propose of the paper,design the function,parameter, structural of the rescue dummy,finishing the study of production of materials,electronic equipment,sensor and so on,by studying the dummy body bracketjoint connection and skin material,to design the dummy total structure.According to the research,produce the rescue dummy by watertighting, assemblying,and weighting.
And then,this paper on the basis of analyzing oil spill drift model,out of control ship drift model and buoy drift model,by thinking over the own factors of dummy,through the import of the flow field,taking into account the role of wind,using the method of Lagrangian Tracking method,seting up search and rescue dummy drift model;using the methods of MATLAB and VB integration,developing Man-machine visual interfaceobject-oriented,carry out the motion simulation of the rescue dummy,suppply the study method for improving the search and rescue system function.
Finally,check up the performance of rescue dummy by testing its functionality, capacity materials,sensors and electronic systems performance;based on the drift trajectory, movement status,compare the rescue dummy with real person for similarity;check up the feasibility of rescue dummy drift model by testing at sea,collect the drift tracking and drift data for analyzing them after the test at sea,so that, the drift model function.will be improved.
The result of this paper study provides an important reference for further improving the search and rescue decision-making,and promotes the dummy developing in china's search and rescue domain;the paper's study make a certain role in improving the national search and rescue strength.
首先,本文从人机工程学的角度出发,采用多元线性分析方法,对我国人体各部分测量尺寸进行变量分析,根据人体尺寸测量值的算法,得出了适合我国标准人体50百分位的人体参数；结合对汽车碰撞模拟人、医学模拟人以及航空航天模拟人的研究分析,确定搜救模拟人的性能指标、相关参数等基本要求；根据本文研究目的,对搜救模拟人进行功能设计、参数设计、结构设计；完成对搜救模拟人制作材料、电子设备、传感器等的选型研究；对搜救模拟人人体支架、关节连接、表皮材料进行研究分析,并根据本文研究试验需要,进行总体设计；根据研究成果,对模拟人进行配重、组装、水密,试制海上搜救模拟人。
然后,本文在对溢油漂移模型、失控船漂移模型以及浮标漂移模型研究分析的基础上,以及对模拟人的自身因素考虑,通过对流场的引入,同时考虑风场的作用,利用拉格朗日追踪法,建立搜救模拟人漂移模型；利用MATLAB与VB集成的方法,面向对象开发人机可视界面,实现模拟人的动态漂移运动模拟仿真,为以后完善系统功能提供了研究方法。
最后,对模拟人进行实验测试,检验其功能性、材料性能、传感器以及电子定位系统性能；基于漂流轨迹、运动状态,比较模拟人与真人的相似性；进行海上研究验证搜救模拟人漂流模型的可行性,并对收集的漂流数据进行分析、处理,完善搜救模拟人漂移数学模型。
本文的研究结果为进一步完善海上搜救决策提供了重要参考,促进了模拟人在我国海上搜救领域的发展,为提高我国海上整体搜救实力具有一定的促进作用。
With the developing of national economy,the number of staff engag in working at sea increas rapidly,at the same time,maritime accidents have beening occurred all the time,and the number of death in victims is increasing. In that case,this paper,starting from trying to make rescue dummy,for the purpose of setting up search and rescue dummy drift model,to study supply data reference and theoretical basis for the rescue organization.,so,the rate of our maritime rescue efficiency will be improved.
First of all,this paper starting from the ergonomics point of view,using the method of multiple linear analysis,to study the various parts of China's human dimensions,according to the algorithm body size measurements,to get the parameter of chinese 50-percentile body.;and then,following the studying on car collision dummy,medical dummy and aeronautical dummy,fix on the performance index and related parameters of rescue dummy;following the propose of the paper,design the function,parameter, structural of the rescue dummy,finishing the study of production of materials,electronic equipment,sensor and so on,by studying the dummy body bracketjoint connection and skin material,to design the dummy total structure.According to the research,produce the rescue dummy by watertighting, assemblying,and weighting.
And then,this paper on the basis of analyzing oil spill drift model,out of control ship drift model and buoy drift model,by thinking over the own factors of dummy,through the import of the flow field,taking into account the role of wind,using the method of Lagrangian Tracking method,seting up search and rescue dummy drift model;using the methods of MATLAB and VB integration,developing Man-machine visual interfaceobject-oriented,carry out the motion simulation of the rescue dummy,suppply the study method for improving the search and rescue system function.
Finally,check up the performance of rescue dummy by testing its functionality, capacity materials,sensors and electronic systems performance;based on the drift trajectory, movement status,compare the rescue dummy with real person for similarity;check up the feasibility of rescue dummy drift model by testing at sea,collect the drift tracking and drift data for analyzing them after the test at sea,so that, the drift model function.will be improved.
The result of this paper study provides an important reference for further improving the search and rescue decision-making,and promotes the dummy developing in china's search and rescue domain;the paper's study make a certain role in improving the national search and rescue strength.
引文
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[2]张晋文,邓顺华.前进中的中国搜救事业.中国水运报,2004：56-57.
[3]JARI Survey欧洲侧面碰撞用假人EuroSID-I.日本自动车所,March 1996.
[4]Jae Wismans. Advanees in crash dummies. IPCZOO. IE 224,2001.
[5]缪丽.基于工业设计的汽车正面碰撞试验假人研究及应用：(硕士学位论文)成都：四川大学,2005.
[6]翔云.航天模拟人.太空探索,2003：8-9.
[7]http//www. chinamoniren. com.
[8]Leech Martin, Walker Michael. Oil Spill Information System[C]. Proceedings of the 16th Arctic Marine Oil Spill Program Technical Seminar,1993:549-572.
[9]Pierre Daniel, Fabien Marty, Patriek Josse. Improvement Of drift caleulation in mothy operational oil spill predietion system. International oil Spill Conference, 2003:223-225.
[10]http://www. mcga. gov. uk/c4mca/mcga-home.
[11]Smith. Hind easting ice berg drift using eurrent profiles and winds. Cold Regions Seienees and Technology,2002:33-45.
[12]付玉慧,朱玉柱.水上安全监督管理(下册).大连：大连海事大学出版社,2001.
[13]Smith Martin. effieients for seas urface wind stress, heat flux and wind Profile funetion of winds peed and tem perature. J. GeoPhys. Res.1988:15467-15474.
[14]翁怡婵,杨金湘,江流武.台湾海峡漂流物运动轨迹的数值模拟.厦门大学学报,2009：46-48.
[15]DanielP, Ph. Dandin. Benefits and use of operational oCeano graphy systems for drift forecasts. Proeeedings of the 2005 international oil spill Conferenee,2005.
[16]彭逢友.中国模拟人的研制及其方法论意义.医学与哲学,1987：67-69.
[17]丁玉兰.人机工程学.北京：北京理工大学出版社,1991.
[18]GB 10000-88.中国成年人人体尺寸.
[19]王刚.基于工业设计思想的航空安全试验假人的研究：(硕士学位论文) 成都：四川大学.2006.
[20]冯成德,郭祚达.人机工程学原理及应用.四川大学出版社,2000.
[21]陈爽,袁中凡,林大全.国产碰撞假人的设计与分析.四川大学学报,2008.
[22]GB/T17245-200X《成年人人体惯性参数》国家标准(修订)(征求意见稿).全国人类工效学标准化技术委员会,2003.
[23]谭北峰,吴纯兵.测定人体血液密度的特殊方法.中学物理：初中版,2004.
[24]郭伏,杨学涵.人因工程学沈阳：东北大学出版社,2001.
[25]戢敏,袁中凡,林大全.仿真假人人体参数的计算和分析.中国测试技,2003
[26]高文杰,张建国.人体上肢仿生机构运动模型的研究.天津轻工业学院学报,2001.
[27]安宁.海上搜救模拟人的研究：(硕士学位论文).大连：大连海事大学,2009.
[28]衣英刚,朴慧京,姚兆.简介温度传感器.家电检修技术,2009年第2期.
[29]孙云霞,吕国义.提高温度传感器测试准确性的方法.计量、测试与校准,2009年第29卷第3期：27-28.
[30]郭冰,王冲.压力传感器的现状与发展.中国仪器仪表,2009年第5期：73-75.
[31]周珊.压力传感器及其应用实例.科学大众科学教育,2009年第10期：34-36.
[32]柳松杨.标准动态仿真假人的研究.航空军医.2004年10月第32卷第5期：45-46.
[33]Madymo T B. MADYMO Model Manual Version 6·3[M].Delft Netherlands:TNO Auto-motive Safety Solutions,2005.
[34]彭照.人体测量及数字化人体模型技术的应用及进展.人类工效学,2007年12月：23-24.
[35]赵军霞.阻燃ABS树脂的探讨.甘肃石油和化工,2007年第3期：38-40.
[36]李向荣,王凯,张振鼎.SID-IIS侧碰假人研究.交通标准化,2009年第五期：48-50.
[37]柳松杨.标准动态仿真假人的研究.航空军医,2004年10月第32卷第5期：12-15.
[38]王欣.含人体模型的车辆正面碰撞计算机模拟分析(硕士学位论文).重庆：重庆大学.2003.
[39]Park B T, Morgan R M, Hackney J R, et al. Frontal offset crash test study using 50th percentile male and 5th percentile female dummies[C]. http://The 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles. Windsor, On tario, Canada:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,1998:150-163.
[40]任建英,朱政.汽车碰撞试验假人头部与颈部标定试验研究.机械设计与制造,2009.
[41]黎静,袁修干等.基于2003年标准数据的中国飞行员人体模型.计算机应用研究,2005.
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