雷达中频数字信号处理与动态范围的研究
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摘要
随着我国国民经济的快速增长和对内对外贸易量的不断增大,海上交通运输更加繁盛。航海雷达系统是海上目标探测的主要技术之一,为了能够正确检测目标,在现代雷达接收机中,大动态范围是非常重要的。
现代的雷达接收机要求能够实现宽的输入带宽、高的灵敏度和分辨率、大的动态范围、采用数字化处理和具有多信号处理能力,完成对雷达信号的接收工作。动态范围和灵敏度都是宽带数字接收机的关键性能指标。过采样技术和增益控制是解决宽带数字中频接收机的大动态范围问题可行方案,可以提高接收机小信号的检测能力。增益控制可以增大接收机的动态范围,防止强信号引起过载。本文的研究课题来源于交通部基础研究科技项目“航海雷达中频信号数字处理方法的研究”,本文主要研究提高中频信号数字接收动态范围的处理方法。
首先,介绍了雷达接收机的各种动态范围的定义,线性动态范围、增益受控动态范围和无杂散动态范围(SFDR)等,本文中主要接收了这三种不同的动态范围定义。另外在本文中还简单介绍了几种接收动态范围的表示方法以及提出了几种提高动态范围的技术。
其次,介绍了中频采样在雷达信号处理中的应用和过采样技术及其噪声整形、FFT提高接收机动态范围的技术。还研究了动态范围的相关参数,分析了扩大接收机动态范围的常规方法,如灵敏度时间控制、自动增益控制、中频限幅器和对数放大器等,并分别指出常规方法应用于宽带数字接收机的局限性。
最后,本文基于赛迪雷达信号采集处理平台SDZ605的DSP设计了过采样处理方法。
本文的主要研究工作和结果不仅可以提高雷达接收机的测量动态范围,对今后雷达数字中频接收机的设计实现的研究也具有一定的理论和实际意义。
With the rapid growth of China's national economy and internal and external trade volume increasing, shipping becomes more and more prosperous. Marine radar system is one of the main techniques of the target detection at sea, in the modern radar receivers, in order to detect the correct target, high dynamic range is very important.
Modern radar receiver requires achieving a wide bandwidth, high sensitivity and resolution, wide dynamic range, digital signal processing and multi-processing capabilities to complete the work of the radar signal reception. Dynamic range and sensitivity are the key characters of broadband digital receiver. Over sampling and gain control are possible methods to solve the problem of large dynamic range for wideband digital IF receiver, and they can improve the receiver's capabilities to detect small signals. Gain control can increase the dynamic range of the receiver, and to prevent strong signals cause overload. This thesis, depriving from the basic Sci & Tech researching project of "the research of digital processing method of intermediate frequency signal for marine radar" supported by the Ministry of Communication, is mainly researching on the processing method of improving the digital receiver dynamic range of intermediate frequency signal.
First, it introduces a variety definition of radar receiver dynamic range, the linear dynamic range, gain controlled dynamic range and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR), etc. This paper mainly introduces the three different definitions of dynamic range. Also in this paper introduces several representations of dynamic range and proposes several techniques to improve dynamic range.
Then, it introduces the applications of the IF sampling in radar signal processing, and the over sampling and noise shaping techniques and FFT to improve the receiver dynamic range technology. The corresponded parameters for the dynamic range improvement are analyzed. The traditional methods of increasing the dynamic range of the receivers, such as Sensitivity Time Control (STC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), and band-pass Intermediate Frequency (IF) limiting, are researched. It is pointed out the limitation of the traditional technologies in increasing the dynamic range in wideband digital receiver.
Finally, this thesis, based on the DSP of SDZ605 SAIDI radar signal sampling and processing platform, designed the method of over-sampling processing.
The main research results can not only be directly applied to improve the dynamic range of the radar receiver, but also have a certain theoretical and practical significance for the future research of radar IF receiver.
现代的雷达接收机要求能够实现宽的输入带宽、高的灵敏度和分辨率、大的动态范围、采用数字化处理和具有多信号处理能力,完成对雷达信号的接收工作。动态范围和灵敏度都是宽带数字接收机的关键性能指标。过采样技术和增益控制是解决宽带数字中频接收机的大动态范围问题可行方案,可以提高接收机小信号的检测能力。增益控制可以增大接收机的动态范围,防止强信号引起过载。本文的研究课题来源于交通部基础研究科技项目“航海雷达中频信号数字处理方法的研究”,本文主要研究提高中频信号数字接收动态范围的处理方法。
首先,介绍了雷达接收机的各种动态范围的定义,线性动态范围、增益受控动态范围和无杂散动态范围(SFDR)等,本文中主要接收了这三种不同的动态范围定义。另外在本文中还简单介绍了几种接收动态范围的表示方法以及提出了几种提高动态范围的技术。
其次,介绍了中频采样在雷达信号处理中的应用和过采样技术及其噪声整形、FFT提高接收机动态范围的技术。还研究了动态范围的相关参数,分析了扩大接收机动态范围的常规方法,如灵敏度时间控制、自动增益控制、中频限幅器和对数放大器等,并分别指出常规方法应用于宽带数字接收机的局限性。
最后,本文基于赛迪雷达信号采集处理平台SDZ605的DSP设计了过采样处理方法。
本文的主要研究工作和结果不仅可以提高雷达接收机的测量动态范围,对今后雷达数字中频接收机的设计实现的研究也具有一定的理论和实际意义。
With the rapid growth of China's national economy and internal and external trade volume increasing, shipping becomes more and more prosperous. Marine radar system is one of the main techniques of the target detection at sea, in the modern radar receivers, in order to detect the correct target, high dynamic range is very important.
Modern radar receiver requires achieving a wide bandwidth, high sensitivity and resolution, wide dynamic range, digital signal processing and multi-processing capabilities to complete the work of the radar signal reception. Dynamic range and sensitivity are the key characters of broadband digital receiver. Over sampling and gain control are possible methods to solve the problem of large dynamic range for wideband digital IF receiver, and they can improve the receiver's capabilities to detect small signals. Gain control can increase the dynamic range of the receiver, and to prevent strong signals cause overload. This thesis, depriving from the basic Sci & Tech researching project of "the research of digital processing method of intermediate frequency signal for marine radar" supported by the Ministry of Communication, is mainly researching on the processing method of improving the digital receiver dynamic range of intermediate frequency signal.
First, it introduces a variety definition of radar receiver dynamic range, the linear dynamic range, gain controlled dynamic range and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR), etc. This paper mainly introduces the three different definitions of dynamic range. Also in this paper introduces several representations of dynamic range and proposes several techniques to improve dynamic range.
Then, it introduces the applications of the IF sampling in radar signal processing, and the over sampling and noise shaping techniques and FFT to improve the receiver dynamic range technology. The corresponded parameters for the dynamic range improvement are analyzed. The traditional methods of increasing the dynamic range of the receivers, such as Sensitivity Time Control (STC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), and band-pass Intermediate Frequency (IF) limiting, are researched. It is pointed out the limitation of the traditional technologies in increasing the dynamic range in wideband digital receiver.
Finally, this thesis, based on the DSP of SDZ605 SAIDI radar signal sampling and processing platform, designed the method of over-sampling processing.
The main research results can not only be directly applied to improve the dynamic range of the radar receiver, but also have a certain theoretical and practical significance for the future research of radar IF receiver.
引文
[1]司锡才,李告广.电子对抗侦察接收机快速自动增益控制与瞬时自动增益控制新方法的研究[J].现代雷达,第4期,1995年8月.
[2]张明友.数字阵列雷达和软件化雷达.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[3]夏顺冬.雷达接收机的动态范围[J].南京：现代雷达,第4期,1996年8月.
[4]S.J.Roome,C Griffin.Digital Surveillance Receivers,Electronics&Communication Engineering Journal,1991,5.
[5]James Tsui.杨小牛等译.宽带数字接收机.北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[6]翟伟建,戴国宪.现代雷达数字接收机.电子侦察干扰,第1期,2003.
[7]孙垦.雷达数字化接收机.船舶电子对抗.26(4),2003.
[8]Y.Wu,et al.The Design of Digital Radar Receivers.IEEE International Radar Conference.1997.
[9]靳越.DSP应用技术的研究.张家口职业技术学院学报,2007,20(1)：36-37.
[10]Andrew Bateman,lain Paterson-Stephens著.陈健,陈伟,汪书宁等译.DSP算法、应用与设计.机械工业出版社,2003.
[11]王建林.基于DSP雷达信息录取系统.大连：大连海事大学,2008.
[12]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉编著.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用(第3版).北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[13]柳伟生,孙秋柏,吴庆洪等.DSP在图像高速采集中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2005(12)：22-24.
[14]张明友,汪学刚.雷达系统(第二版).北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[15]西北电讯工程学院《雷达系统》编写组.雷达系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1980.
[16]X.Yong,T.Jun,P.Yingning.The Design and Implementation of a Data Structure for "Soft-Radar"System.IEEE 2001.
[17]R.S.Berkowitz.Modern Radar-Analysis,Evalvation and System Design.John Wiley&Sons Ins.,1965.
[18]高俊.大动态范围模拟与数字中频接收机的研究与实现：(硕士学位论文).电子科技大学,2006.
[19]朱庆厚.通信侦察接收机的动态范围—概念、分析、讨论、测试与计算.无线电工程1996年第26卷第3期：5-20.
[20]王金础,杨正远.一种高性能数字中频接收机的设计及实现.现代雷达,2002(1)：71-73.
[21]D.S.Mcpherson.Vector Modulator for W-Band Software Radar Techniques.IEEE,2001.
[22]J.Tierney, et al.A Digital Frequency Synthesizer, IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, Vol,Au-19,No.1,March 1971.
[23]钟红蕾,徐正平.一种接收机动态范围的计算方法.信息与电子工程2003年第4期：272-276.
[24]朱庆厚.动态范围研究.电子对抗2004年第4期：43-46.
[25]彭世羹,汤子跃.地(海)杂波反射率模型研究.空军雷达学院学报.第14卷第4期.2000年：1—14.
[26]张华.脉冲多普勒气象雷达信号处理系统研究.2003.
[27]沈康.PD雷达系统中直接中频采样技术的研究.中国空空导弹研究院,河南洛阳,2006,471009.
[28]徐仰彬,雷达中频采样理论的改进.西安建筑科技大学.陕西西安.2006.710055.
[29]吴远彬,李景文.直接中频采样及数字相干检波的研究.2003,61(3)：422-428.
[30]刘冬利.雷达中频信号直接采样与正交相干检波的设计与实现.2005.
[31]徐朝阳.直接下变频数字宽带雷达接收机.舰船电子对抗,26(4),2003.
[32]周青,张媛.软件无线电接收机的设计实现.通信对抗,第3期,2003.
[33]肖庆.宽带数字侦察接收机的实现.电子对抗,第6期,2003.
[34]赵成岭,张超.采用过采样技术和FFT算法提高测量动态范围.机械与电子,2008年第17期：424-425.
[35]Agilent Technologies,Inc. Spectrum Analysis Basics www.agilent.com 2004.
[36]丁美玉,高西全编著.《数字信号处理》第二版.西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[37]Robert W.Ramierez,The FFT:Fundamentals and Concepts,Prentice-Hall,1985.
[38]Ashok Ambardar.冯博琴等译.信号、系统与信号处理.北京：机械工业出版社,2001.
[39]王洪.宽带数字接收机设计与实现及关键技术研究：(博士学位论文).成都：电子科技大学,2006.
[40]Walter Tuttlebee.杨小牛等译.软件无线电技术与实现.北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[41]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良.软件无线电原理与应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[42]张健,向敬成.软件无线电技术导论.成都：电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[43]Blake,L.V.,Radar-Range Performance Analysis,Lexington Books,Lexington,MA,1980.
[44]Mahafza,B.R.,Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,2000.
[45]张明友,吕明.近代信号处理理论与方法.北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[46]张玉兴.非线性电路与系统.北京：电子科技大学出版社,2003年8月第1版.
[47]Lizhong,et al.Direct Digital Synthesis Application for Distributed Phased Array Radar,IEEE,2002.
[48]Melsa,J.L.and Cohn,D.L., Decision and Estimation Theory,McGraw-Hill,New York,1978.
[49][美]Merrill l.Skolnik.雷达系统导论.北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[50]曹晨,王小谟.关于雷达杂波性质的若干问题的研究.现代雷达.2001,23(5)：1-5.
[51]Meyer,D.P.and Mayer,H.A.,Radar Target Detection:Handbook of Theory and Practice,Academic Press,New York,1973.
[52]刘书明,罗勇江.ADSP TS20XS系列DSP原理与应用设计.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.1.
[53]Introduction to TigerSHARC Multiprocessor Systems Using Visual DSP++.Analog Devices Inc,2003.
[54]User Guide to ADSP TS201S TigerSHARC.Processor BIS Files.Analog Devices Inc,2003.
[55]胡进.数字脉压有源相控阵雷达接收机动态范围问题.现代雷达,第5期,2003.
[56]李悦丽,周智敏,薛周义.一种基于DSP和FPGA的雷达信号处理机设计.现代雷达,第26卷第10期,2004.
[2]张明友.数字阵列雷达和软件化雷达.北京：电子工业出版社,2008.
[3]夏顺冬.雷达接收机的动态范围[J].南京：现代雷达,第4期,1996年8月.
[4]S.J.Roome,C Griffin.Digital Surveillance Receivers,Electronics&Communication Engineering Journal,1991,5.
[5]James Tsui.杨小牛等译.宽带数字接收机.北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[6]翟伟建,戴国宪.现代雷达数字接收机.电子侦察干扰,第1期,2003.
[7]孙垦.雷达数字化接收机.船舶电子对抗.26(4),2003.
[8]Y.Wu,et al.The Design of Digital Radar Receivers.IEEE International Radar Conference.1997.
[9]靳越.DSP应用技术的研究.张家口职业技术学院学报,2007,20(1)：36-37.
[10]Andrew Bateman,lain Paterson-Stephens著.陈健,陈伟,汪书宁等译.DSP算法、应用与设计.机械工业出版社,2003.
[11]王建林.基于DSP雷达信息录取系统.大连：大连海事大学,2008.
[12]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉编著.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用(第3版).北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[13]柳伟生,孙秋柏,吴庆洪等.DSP在图像高速采集中的应用.自动化技术与应用,2005(12)：22-24.
[14]张明友,汪学刚.雷达系统(第二版).北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[15]西北电讯工程学院《雷达系统》编写组.雷达系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1980.
[16]X.Yong,T.Jun,P.Yingning.The Design and Implementation of a Data Structure for "Soft-Radar"System.IEEE 2001.
[17]R.S.Berkowitz.Modern Radar-Analysis,Evalvation and System Design.John Wiley&Sons Ins.,1965.
[18]高俊.大动态范围模拟与数字中频接收机的研究与实现：(硕士学位论文).电子科技大学,2006.
[19]朱庆厚.通信侦察接收机的动态范围—概念、分析、讨论、测试与计算.无线电工程1996年第26卷第3期：5-20.
[20]王金础,杨正远.一种高性能数字中频接收机的设计及实现.现代雷达,2002(1)：71-73.
[21]D.S.Mcpherson.Vector Modulator for W-Band Software Radar Techniques.IEEE,2001.
[22]J.Tierney, et al.A Digital Frequency Synthesizer, IEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacoustics, Vol,Au-19,No.1,March 1971.
[23]钟红蕾,徐正平.一种接收机动态范围的计算方法.信息与电子工程2003年第4期：272-276.
[24]朱庆厚.动态范围研究.电子对抗2004年第4期：43-46.
[25]彭世羹,汤子跃.地(海)杂波反射率模型研究.空军雷达学院学报.第14卷第4期.2000年：1—14.
[26]张华.脉冲多普勒气象雷达信号处理系统研究.2003.
[27]沈康.PD雷达系统中直接中频采样技术的研究.中国空空导弹研究院,河南洛阳,2006,471009.
[28]徐仰彬,雷达中频采样理论的改进.西安建筑科技大学.陕西西安.2006.710055.
[29]吴远彬,李景文.直接中频采样及数字相干检波的研究.2003,61(3)：422-428.
[30]刘冬利.雷达中频信号直接采样与正交相干检波的设计与实现.2005.
[31]徐朝阳.直接下变频数字宽带雷达接收机.舰船电子对抗,26(4),2003.
[32]周青,张媛.软件无线电接收机的设计实现.通信对抗,第3期,2003.
[33]肖庆.宽带数字侦察接收机的实现.电子对抗,第6期,2003.
[34]赵成岭,张超.采用过采样技术和FFT算法提高测量动态范围.机械与电子,2008年第17期：424-425.
[35]Agilent Technologies,Inc. Spectrum Analysis Basics www.agilent.com 2004.
[36]丁美玉,高西全编著.《数字信号处理》第二版.西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[37]Robert W.Ramierez,The FFT:Fundamentals and Concepts,Prentice-Hall,1985.
[38]Ashok Ambardar.冯博琴等译.信号、系统与信号处理.北京：机械工业出版社,2001.
[39]王洪.宽带数字接收机设计与实现及关键技术研究：(博士学位论文).成都：电子科技大学,2006.
[40]Walter Tuttlebee.杨小牛等译.软件无线电技术与实现.北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[41]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良.软件无线电原理与应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[42]张健,向敬成.软件无线电技术导论.成都：电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[43]Blake,L.V.,Radar-Range Performance Analysis,Lexington Books,Lexington,MA,1980.
[44]Mahafza,B.R.,Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,2000.
[45]张明友,吕明.近代信号处理理论与方法.北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[46]张玉兴.非线性电路与系统.北京：电子科技大学出版社,2003年8月第1版.
[47]Lizhong,et al.Direct Digital Synthesis Application for Distributed Phased Array Radar,IEEE,2002.
[48]Melsa,J.L.and Cohn,D.L., Decision and Estimation Theory,McGraw-Hill,New York,1978.
[49][美]Merrill l.Skolnik.雷达系统导论.北京：电子工业出版社,2006.
[50]曹晨,王小谟.关于雷达杂波性质的若干问题的研究.现代雷达.2001,23(5)：1-5.
[51]Meyer,D.P.and Mayer,H.A.,Radar Target Detection:Handbook of Theory and Practice,Academic Press,New York,1973.
[52]刘书明,罗勇江.ADSP TS20XS系列DSP原理与应用设计.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.1.
[53]Introduction to TigerSHARC Multiprocessor Systems Using Visual DSP++.Analog Devices Inc,2003.
[54]User Guide to ADSP TS201S TigerSHARC.Processor BIS Files.Analog Devices Inc,2003.
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