面向中小型制造企业的ERP软件比较及其组合研究
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摘要
近年来,企业都重视了信息技术的采用,其中ERP即企业资源计划更是得到了企业的青睐和重视,ERP的应用研究也得到了广泛开展。ERP在我国应用的前期,主要是在大型企业特别是国有大型企业,随着信息技术的快速发展与应用成本和风险的不断降低,中小企业也加快了应用的步伐。
在以往ERP的应用研究中,由于过多的是侧重在实施过程理论和方法等的研究,而对ERP软件本身的研究较少,特别是软件之间的比较及其组合研究较少,造成很多企业在选择ERP之前,对其软件是否适合企业的实际并不了解,更多的只是了解企业提供有何种软件以及应用推广情况。本论文进行了ERP软件的组合结构与应用研究,开创了ERP应用研究的新思路。
研究总结了国内外有关ERP的研究成果,分析了我国中小型制造企业信息化应用面临的问题,阐明了对ERP软件的组合深入研究的必要性,采用理论与实际相结合的方法,以中外ERP软件中具有一定代表性的SAP Business One与金蝶K/3 ERP软件为例,结合中小型制造企业的特点和关键需求,ERP技术和应用的发展趋势,深入比较研究了软件所具有的技术、功能、业务流程、扩展能力等,在此基础上,建立了ERP软件的三维组合结构,完成了SAP Business One和金蝶K/3软件的组合应用设计与实现,提出了组合系统对企业流程、组织结构、协同商务和工作模式改变等管理的要求,并应采取集成应用、基于成本驱动的ERP管理模式和分布实施策略,以满足企业内部业务管理和外部协同的需求,为企业利用不同软件的优势来适应企业自身管理的需要提供了一点有益的参考。
In recent, the enterprises pay more attention to the using of the information technology, Especially ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) has been more given enterprises’favor. The ERP application research has also been get to using widely. In our country, at earlier period, ERP has mainly been gotten applied to large national industries. The middle and small enterprises also speed up the application of ERP along with the IT fast developing and the reducing of cost and risk.
In the past, research of ERP was only in the fields of theories and methods during the process of implementation. We did not do much about ERP itself. Especially, we did less in the researching of the comparison between software and combination. So that, many enterprises did not know if the software is suitable for the actual in the software before they choose one. General they only know that what kind of software would be provided and this software’application situation. My researching has carried on the structure and the application of the ERP software combination and created a new idea about ERP research.
This thesis summarizes worldwide ERP study achievements,analyzes the problems which exist in small and medium manufacturing enterprises information processes, and indicates the necessity for further study on ERP combination. The research uses the method which the theory and practice unifies. It will base upon the characteristics of small and medium manufacturing enterprises, key demand and the ERP technology and application development trends, and take SAP Business One and KINGDEE K/3 ERP software as an example, compare and research software technology, function, the business process and the capacity expansion. Based on this, a three-dimensional structure of ERP software combination has been established. The research has design and realized for SAP Business One and KINGDEE K/3 combination and proposed management’s requests of business process, organizational structure, coordination commerce, work pattern change etc. The integration application, the ERP management mode based on the cost driver and the distribution implementation strategy will be used for the demand of internal business management and outside coordination. I hope it will be a reference for adapt to the needs of enterprise management through the advantage every software.
在以往ERP的应用研究中,由于过多的是侧重在实施过程理论和方法等的研究,而对ERP软件本身的研究较少,特别是软件之间的比较及其组合研究较少,造成很多企业在选择ERP之前,对其软件是否适合企业的实际并不了解,更多的只是了解企业提供有何种软件以及应用推广情况。本论文进行了ERP软件的组合结构与应用研究,开创了ERP应用研究的新思路。
研究总结了国内外有关ERP的研究成果,分析了我国中小型制造企业信息化应用面临的问题,阐明了对ERP软件的组合深入研究的必要性,采用理论与实际相结合的方法,以中外ERP软件中具有一定代表性的SAP Business One与金蝶K/3 ERP软件为例,结合中小型制造企业的特点和关键需求,ERP技术和应用的发展趋势,深入比较研究了软件所具有的技术、功能、业务流程、扩展能力等,在此基础上,建立了ERP软件的三维组合结构,完成了SAP Business One和金蝶K/3软件的组合应用设计与实现,提出了组合系统对企业流程、组织结构、协同商务和工作模式改变等管理的要求,并应采取集成应用、基于成本驱动的ERP管理模式和分布实施策略,以满足企业内部业务管理和外部协同的需求,为企业利用不同软件的优势来适应企业自身管理的需要提供了一点有益的参考。
In recent, the enterprises pay more attention to the using of the information technology, Especially ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning) has been more given enterprises’favor. The ERP application research has also been get to using widely. In our country, at earlier period, ERP has mainly been gotten applied to large national industries. The middle and small enterprises also speed up the application of ERP along with the IT fast developing and the reducing of cost and risk.
In the past, research of ERP was only in the fields of theories and methods during the process of implementation. We did not do much about ERP itself. Especially, we did less in the researching of the comparison between software and combination. So that, many enterprises did not know if the software is suitable for the actual in the software before they choose one. General they only know that what kind of software would be provided and this software’application situation. My researching has carried on the structure and the application of the ERP software combination and created a new idea about ERP research.
This thesis summarizes worldwide ERP study achievements,analyzes the problems which exist in small and medium manufacturing enterprises information processes, and indicates the necessity for further study on ERP combination. The research uses the method which the theory and practice unifies. It will base upon the characteristics of small and medium manufacturing enterprises, key demand and the ERP technology and application development trends, and take SAP Business One and KINGDEE K/3 ERP software as an example, compare and research software technology, function, the business process and the capacity expansion. Based on this, a three-dimensional structure of ERP software combination has been established. The research has design and realized for SAP Business One and KINGDEE K/3 combination and proposed management’s requests of business process, organizational structure, coordination commerce, work pattern change etc. The integration application, the ERP management mode based on the cost driver and the distribution implementation strategy will be used for the demand of internal business management and outside coordination. I hope it will be a reference for adapt to the needs of enterprise management through the advantage every software.
引文
[1]马丹祥,曹阳龙. ERP对企业价值的实现分析.经济论坛,2005,(13):71-73
[2]饶艳超.国内企业ERP系统实施应用现状调查分析.经济界,2004,(2): 36-41
[3]中国管理软件与实施商2005年度评选报告-企业资源计划(ERP). AMT研究院,2006
[4] Elisabeth J. Umble,Ronald R. HAFT,Michael Umble M. Enterprise Resource Planning:Implementation Procedures and Critical Success Factors. European Journal of Operation Research,2003,146 (2):241-257
[5] Vincent A,Ashok S,Venkataramanan M A. The Impact of Organization Size on Enterprise Resource Planning Implementations in the US Manufacturing. Omega,2003,31(3):235-246
[6] Chan S. Architecture Choices for ERP Systems. Proceedings of America Conference on Information Systems,1999,2:210-212
[7] Hong K K. Kim Y G.The critical Success factors for ERP implementation:an organizationa1 fit perspective. Information & Management,2002,(40):25-40
[8] Ike C. Ehie,Mogens Madsen. Identifying critical issues in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. Computers in Industry,2005,(56): 545–557
[9] Marianne B,Juan F. Examining the Role of Innovation Diffusion Factors on the Implementation Success of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,2003,4(1):205-225.
[10] Stephen F. King,Thomas F. Burgess. Beyond critical success factors:A dynamic model of enterprise system innovation. International Journal of Information Management 2006,(26):59-69
[11] Yajiong Xue. ERP implementation failures in China:Case studies with implications for ERP vendors. Int. J. Production Economics,2005 (97):279–295
[12]刘渊,关业文,李存龙.我国ERP软件发展趋势与中小企业选择策略.经济论坛, 2005,(11):70-72
[13]董玉民,芮延年,帅典勋.制造业ERP产品选型评价方法的研究.情报杂志2005,(1):80-82
[14]余燕琼,王惠芬. ERP管理思想的相关探讨.商业IT,2005,(11):11-12
[15]万幼清. ERP与BPR的比较与互动研究.中国管理信息化,2006,(7):3-6
[16]李奔波等.企业ERP应用绩效的实证研究.科技管理研究,2005,2:137-140
[17]仲秋雁,闵庆飞,吴力文.中国企业ERP实施关键成功因素的实证研究.中国软科学,2004,(2):73-78
[18]王术,范凌燕.中小企业软件比较.中国管理信息化,2006,(6):18-19
[19]马亚东.从“SAP VS用友”谈中小企业ERP的选型.中国科技信息,2006,(5):58-59
[20]许建飞.基于ERP系统的企业组织结构变革策略研究:[暨南大学硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学管理学院,2005
[21]王惠芬.我国企业ERP实施的能力成熟度分析.科学管理研究,2003,(6):60-64
[22]王谦. ERP工程中信息平台与管理平台匹配理论及能力评测研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学管理学院,2004
[23]王慧明. ERP环境下企业信息平台与管理平台匹配度测度研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学管理学院,2004
[24]齐二石,霍艳芳等. CIMS环境下的ERP管理模式—概念、理论及实施研究.工业工程. 2000,(1):11-14
[25]葛星. ERP系统应用中企业管理模式趋同过程分析及其应用研究: [暨南大学硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学管理学院,2005
[26]周晓东,于嵩海. ERP管理思想探讨.工业工程,2004,(5):28-31
[27] Suphan Nasir. The development, change, and transformation of Management Information Systems (MIS): A content analysis of articles published in business and marketing journals. International Journal of Information Management,2005,(25):442–457
[28]马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[29] Smith, A.N,Medley, D.B. Information Resource Management. Cincinnati: South-Westem Publishing Co. 1987,30-45
[30] F.W. Horton,Information Resources Management,Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prntice-Hall,1985
[31]霍国庆,企业战略信息管理.北京:科学出版社,2001
[32]李序南.现代企业信息集成管理研究.科技进步与对策,2003,(8):28-30
[33] D.A. Marchand,J.C. Kresslein. Information Resources Management andthe Public Administrator. Handbook of Information Resource Management. New York: Marcel Dekker,Inc.,1988:395-455
[34]吴鉴,孙延明.业务流程重组在中小企业ERP实施中的作用.现代制造工程,2004,(3):94-96
[35]戴庾先.现代企业管理.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[36] GB/Z 18728-2002制造业企业资源管理计划(ERP)功能体系结构技术规范
[37] SJ/T 11293-2003企业信息化技术规范第1部分:企业资源规划系统(ERP)规范
[38]薛华成.管理信息系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[39]袁琦等.基于J2EE的多Agent企业信息集成管理平台的研究与开发.制造业自动化,2006,(7):7-10
[40]柴跃廷等.敏捷信息系统开发平台.计算机工程与应用,2000,4:39-41
[41]姚宝根.现代企业信息化管理.上海:上海大学出版社,2001
[42]金蝶K/3系统管理员.金蝶公司,2004
[43]金蝶K/3标准财务案例教程.金蝶公司,2005
[44]金蝶K/3供应链案例教程.金蝶公司,2005
[45]金蝶K/3系统生产制造案例教程.金蝶公司,2005
[46] SAP BUSINESS ONE中文版7.0.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004
[47]金蝶BOS应用指南.金蝶公司,2004
[48]汤涛. .NET企业级应用程序开发教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[49] SUN公司. The J2EE Tutorial中文版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2006
[50]孟小峰,周龙骧,王珊.数据库技术发展趋势.软件学报,2004,15(12):1822-1836
[51] Heather Williamson. XML技术大全.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[52]高复先.信息资源规划.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[53] [美]彼得.圣吉.第五项修练.郭进隆.上海:上海三联书店,1998
[54] Josefa Ruiz-Mercader. Information technology and learning: Their relationship and impact on organisational performance in small businesses. International Journal of Information Management,2006,(26):16–29
[55]王惠芬. ERP应用中迭代效应实例分析.企业管理,2005,(14):26-27
[2]饶艳超.国内企业ERP系统实施应用现状调查分析.经济界,2004,(2): 36-41
[3]中国管理软件与实施商2005年度评选报告-企业资源计划(ERP). AMT研究院,2006
[4] Elisabeth J. Umble,Ronald R. HAFT,Michael Umble M. Enterprise Resource Planning:Implementation Procedures and Critical Success Factors. European Journal of Operation Research,2003,146 (2):241-257
[5] Vincent A,Ashok S,Venkataramanan M A. The Impact of Organization Size on Enterprise Resource Planning Implementations in the US Manufacturing. Omega,2003,31(3):235-246
[6] Chan S. Architecture Choices for ERP Systems. Proceedings of America Conference on Information Systems,1999,2:210-212
[7] Hong K K. Kim Y G.The critical Success factors for ERP implementation:an organizationa1 fit perspective. Information & Management,2002,(40):25-40
[8] Ike C. Ehie,Mogens Madsen. Identifying critical issues in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation. Computers in Industry,2005,(56): 545–557
[9] Marianne B,Juan F. Examining the Role of Innovation Diffusion Factors on the Implementation Success of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,2003,4(1):205-225.
[10] Stephen F. King,Thomas F. Burgess. Beyond critical success factors:A dynamic model of enterprise system innovation. International Journal of Information Management 2006,(26):59-69
[11] Yajiong Xue. ERP implementation failures in China:Case studies with implications for ERP vendors. Int. J. Production Economics,2005 (97):279–295
[12]刘渊,关业文,李存龙.我国ERP软件发展趋势与中小企业选择策略.经济论坛, 2005,(11):70-72
[13]董玉民,芮延年,帅典勋.制造业ERP产品选型评价方法的研究.情报杂志2005,(1):80-82
[14]余燕琼,王惠芬. ERP管理思想的相关探讨.商业IT,2005,(11):11-12
[15]万幼清. ERP与BPR的比较与互动研究.中国管理信息化,2006,(7):3-6
[16]李奔波等.企业ERP应用绩效的实证研究.科技管理研究,2005,2:137-140
[17]仲秋雁,闵庆飞,吴力文.中国企业ERP实施关键成功因素的实证研究.中国软科学,2004,(2):73-78
[18]王术,范凌燕.中小企业软件比较.中国管理信息化,2006,(6):18-19
[19]马亚东.从“SAP VS用友”谈中小企业ERP的选型.中国科技信息,2006,(5):58-59
[20]许建飞.基于ERP系统的企业组织结构变革策略研究:[暨南大学硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学管理学院,2005
[21]王惠芬.我国企业ERP实施的能力成熟度分析.科学管理研究,2003,(6):60-64
[22]王谦. ERP工程中信息平台与管理平台匹配理论及能力评测研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学管理学院,2004
[23]王慧明. ERP环境下企业信息平台与管理平台匹配度测度研究:[天津大学博士学位论文].天津:天津大学管理学院,2004
[24]齐二石,霍艳芳等. CIMS环境下的ERP管理模式—概念、理论及实施研究.工业工程. 2000,(1):11-14
[25]葛星. ERP系统应用中企业管理模式趋同过程分析及其应用研究: [暨南大学硕士学位论文].广州:暨南大学管理学院,2005
[26]周晓东,于嵩海. ERP管理思想探讨.工业工程,2004,(5):28-31
[27] Suphan Nasir. The development, change, and transformation of Management Information Systems (MIS): A content analysis of articles published in business and marketing journals. International Journal of Information Management,2005,(25):442–457
[28]马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[29] Smith, A.N,Medley, D.B. Information Resource Management. Cincinnati: South-Westem Publishing Co. 1987,30-45
[30] F.W. Horton,Information Resources Management,Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prntice-Hall,1985
[31]霍国庆,企业战略信息管理.北京:科学出版社,2001
[32]李序南.现代企业信息集成管理研究.科技进步与对策,2003,(8):28-30
[33] D.A. Marchand,J.C. Kresslein. Information Resources Management andthe Public Administrator. Handbook of Information Resource Management. New York: Marcel Dekker,Inc.,1988:395-455
[34]吴鉴,孙延明.业务流程重组在中小企业ERP实施中的作用.现代制造工程,2004,(3):94-96
[35]戴庾先.现代企业管理.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[36] GB/Z 18728-2002制造业企业资源管理计划(ERP)功能体系结构技术规范
[37] SJ/T 11293-2003企业信息化技术规范第1部分:企业资源规划系统(ERP)规范
[38]薛华成.管理信息系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[39]袁琦等.基于J2EE的多Agent企业信息集成管理平台的研究与开发.制造业自动化,2006,(7):7-10
[40]柴跃廷等.敏捷信息系统开发平台.计算机工程与应用,2000,4:39-41
[41]姚宝根.现代企业信息化管理.上海:上海大学出版社,2001
[42]金蝶K/3系统管理员.金蝶公司,2004
[43]金蝶K/3标准财务案例教程.金蝶公司,2005
[44]金蝶K/3供应链案例教程.金蝶公司,2005
[45]金蝶K/3系统生产制造案例教程.金蝶公司,2005
[46] SAP BUSINESS ONE中文版7.0.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004
[47]金蝶BOS应用指南.金蝶公司,2004
[48]汤涛. .NET企业级应用程序开发教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[49] SUN公司. The J2EE Tutorial中文版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2006
[50]孟小峰,周龙骧,王珊.数据库技术发展趋势.软件学报,2004,15(12):1822-1836
[51] Heather Williamson. XML技术大全.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[52]高复先.信息资源规划.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[53] [美]彼得.圣吉.第五项修练.郭进隆.上海:上海三联书店,1998
[54] Josefa Ruiz-Mercader. Information technology and learning: Their relationship and impact on organisational performance in small businesses. International Journal of Information Management,2006,(26):16–29
[55]王惠芬. ERP应用中迭代效应实例分析.企业管理,2005,(14):26-27