摘要
本研究将14周龄、体重相近的健壮朗德鹅120只分成6组,每组20只,每只一个重复。玉米为主要填饲饲料;试验组在日填饲量的基础上添加一定量的脂肪酸:6%葵花籽油(葵花籽油组)、6%菜籽油(菜籽油组)、6%牛油(牛油组)、3%鹅油(鹅油Ⅰ组)、2%鹅油(鹅油Ⅱ组),对照组除不添加任何脂肪酸外,其他与试验组一致。试验结果:添加脂肪酸能影响填饲朗德鹅的产肝性能,其中以葵花籽油效果最好,肝重是对照组的1.37倍,差异显著(P<0.05);牛油使填饲朗德鹅产肝性能下降。试验组对屠宰性能影响不如产肝性能影响明显,添加菜籽油使屠宰性能最好,活重、填饲期间增重、屠体重、半净膛重都与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。同样,腹脂沉积能力最强的也是菜籽油组,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),但是试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。
本研究还采用PCR-RFLP技术,分析了FAS基因启动子区在朗德鹅中的AfaⅠ酶切片段多态性分布。FAS基因启动子区具有3个AfaⅠ酶切位点(分别记录为位点A、位点B和位点E),3个位点在朗德鹅中均有多态性。E位点中FAS~(EE)基因型个体在活重、填饲期增重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重等性状表现中均比FAS~(ee)基因型个体高出12.78%-19.67%之间(P<0.05)。位点B具有类似的影响趋势,而位点A对屠宰性能性状表现影响不显著。在3个酶切位点中,位点A和位点B的杂合子基因型FAS~(Aa)和FAS~(Bb)个体,产肝性能比相应纯合子个体好,而E位点的未突变个体FAS~(EE)基因型个体肝重比突变个体高33.09%(P<0.05)。3个酶切位点在体脂沉积性状中差异不显著。
120 of healthy Landes Geese,14 weeks old,with similar body weight,were randomly divided into 6 groups and 20 each group according to the factor experiment design.Corn was the major force-feeding feedstuff.Diets were supplied with fatty acid:plus 6%of sunflower seed oil in the sunflower seed oil group,6%of rapeseed oil in the rapeseed oil group,6%of beef tallow in the beef tallow group,3%of goose oil in the first goose oil group,and 2%of goose oil in the second goose oil group in the base of the daily feedstuff. The others were consistent with the experimental group except the control group not adding any addition to fatty acids.The results as follows:weight of fatty liver in the sunflower seed oil group was more than other groups,and the liver weight of that group was as 1.37 times as that of control group,with significant difference(P<0.05),while decreased in the beef tallow group.Effect of fatty acid on slaughter performance was less than on fatty liver weight,and slaughter traits in group added with rapeseed oil was higher than other groups,with significant difference in living weight,increased weight in force-feeding period,carcass weight and semi-eviscerated weight compared with the control group(P<0.05).Weight of abdominal fat deposition in the group was also the highest,with significant difference compared with control group(P<0.05),but not significant among the trial groups.
PCR-RFLP was designed in this study to investigatet the polymorphism in AfaⅠof FAS gene promoter region of landes geese.There are three AfaⅠrestriction sites in FAS gene promoter region(site A,site B and site E respectively in the fragment),which were polymorphism in landes geese.Genotype FAS~(EE) were higher than FASee 12.78%-19.67% (P<0.05) at site E in living weight,feeding increase stage,carcass weight,halfeviscerate weight,eviscerate weight,breast muscle weight,leg muscle weight,the same to site B but less dependability to site A.To fatty liver performance,heterozygote was better than homozygote in site A and site B,the weight of liver of genotype FAS~(EE) is 33.09%(P<0.05) higher than heterogenesis of site E.It is less dependability in lipidosis with the three restriction sites.
引文
[1]应振水,王国阳.永康灰鹅肥肝生产性能测定[J].中国畜牧杂志,1985,(5):12-14.
[2]高原.鹅肥肝与心脏病[J].中国家禽,2001,23(7):27.
[3]Hermier D.Lipoprotein Metabolism and Fattening in Poultry[J].American Society for Nutritional Sciences,1997,805S-808S.
[4]Alpers D H,Sabesin S M,White H M.Fatty liver:biochemical and clinical aspects.In:Schiff,L.,Schiff,E.R.(Eds.),Diseases of the Liver.Lippincott Company,Philadelphia,USA,1993:825-855.
[5]Hermier D,Guy G,Guillaumin S,et al.Differential channelling of liver lipids in relation to susceptibility to hepatic steatosis in two species of ducks[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B,2003,135:663-675.
[6]李进,盛国光.活血化瘀化痰利湿法对肥胖性脂肪肝大鼠胰岛素敏感指数和肿瘤坏死因子的影响[J].中西医集合肝病杂志,2003,13(5):289-290.
[7]QI PH,YU LF.The progress of the treatment of Chinese medicine on fatty liver[J].Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine on Liver Diseases,1999,9(1):61.
[8]Bacon B R,Park C H,Fowell E M,et al.Hepatic steatosi in rats fed diets with varying concentrations of sucrose[J].Fundam Appl Toxicol,1984,4:819-826.
[9]Koteish A,Diehl AM.Animal models of steatosis.Semin Liver Dis.2001;21:89-104.
[10]Liao W,Hui T Y,Young S G,et al.Blocking microsomal triglyceride transfer protein interferes with ApoB secretion without causing retention or stress in the ER[J].J Lipid Res,2003May,44(5):978-85.
[11]Fabienne FOUFELLE,Pascal FERRE.New perspectives in the regulation of hepatic glycolytic and lipogenic genes by insulin and glucose:a role for the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein[J].Biochem.J,2000,366:377-391.
[12]Lewis G F,Carpentier A,Adeli K,et al.Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes[J].Endocr Rev,2002,23:201-209.
[13]Musso G,Gambino R,De Michieli F,et al.Dietary habits and their relations to insulin resistance and postprandial lipemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J].Hepatology,2003,37:909-916.
[14]Charlton M,Sreekumar R,Rasmussen D,et al.Apolipoprotein synthesis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[J].Hepatology,2002,35:898-904.
[15]Letteron P,Sutton A,Abdellah M,et al.Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein:another mechanism of drug-induced steatosis in mice[J].Hepatology,2003,38:133-140.
[16]Namikawa C,Shu-Ping Z,Vyselaar J R,et al.Polymorphisms of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene and manganese superoxide dismutase gene in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[J].Hepatol,2004,40:781-786.
[17]顾呜宇.胰岛素抵抗与脂肪肝[J].国外医学内分泌学分册,2003,23:32-33.
[18] Ijaz S,Yang W.Winslet M C. Impairment of hepatic microcirculation in Fatty liver[J]. Microcirculation,2003,10(6):447-456.
[19]Hermier D. Rousselot-pailley,et al.Influence of orotic acid and esterogen on hepatic lipid storage and secretion in the goose susceptible to liver steatosis [J]. Biochem. Biophy,1994,(1211):97-106.
[20] Fournier.E,Peresson.R.,et al. Relationships Between Storage and Secretion of Hepatic Lipids in Two Breeds of Geese with Different Susceptibility to Liver Steatosis[J]. Poultry Science,1997,(76):599-607.
[21] Mourot J,Guy G.,et al. Role of hepatic lipogenesis in the susceptibility to fatty liver in the goose(Anser Anser) [J]. Comp.Biochem.Physiol,2000,B130:227-235.
[22] Davail S,Guy G.,Andre J M. Metabolism in two breeds of geese with moderate or large overfeeding induced liversteatosis[J]. Comp.Bioche.Physiology,2000,B135:663-675.
[23] Guy G.,Hermier D,et al. Meat production and force-feeding ability of different types of ducks [J]. 1st World Waterfowl Symposium[C]. Taichung,Taiwai,December1~4,1999:BP.462-468.
[24] Griffin H D,Buttterwith S C,et al. Contribution of lipoprotein lipase to differences in fatness between Broiler and layer-strain chickens[J]. Br.Poult.Sci.,1987,(28):197-206.
[25] Mulder M,Lombardi,P,et al. Low density lipoprotein receptor internalizes low density and very low density lipoproteins that are bound to heparin sulfate proteoglycans via lipoprotein lipase[J].J.Bipl.Chem,1993,(268):9369-9375.
[26] Girard J,Perdereau.et al. Regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression by nutrients and hormones[J]. FASEB J.1994,(8):36-42.
[27] Hazelwood R L. Pancreatic hormones,insulin/glucagons molar ratio and somatostatin as determinants of avian carbohydrate metabolism [J]. J Exp Zool,1984,(232):647-652.
[28] Givens D I,Gotrill B R,Davies M,et al. Sources of n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids additional to fish oil for livestock diets[J]. Nutr Abstracts Rev,Ser B,Livestock Feeds feed,2000,0:3- 19.
[29] Du M,Ahn D U,Sell J L. Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic:linolenic acid ratio on polyunsaturated fatty acid status in laying hens[J]. Poultry Science,2000,79(12): 1749-1756.
[30]Cortinas L,Villaverde C,Galobart J,et al. Fatty acid content in chicken thigh and breast as affected by dietary polyunsaturation level[J]. Poultry Science,2004,83:1155-1164.
[31]Matsuo T,Takeuchi H,Suzuki H,et al. Body fat accumulation is greater in rats fed a beef tallow diet than in rats fed a safflower or soybean oil diet[J]. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr,2002,11:302-308.
[32] Wyrwoll C S,Mark P J,MoriT A,et al. Prevention of programmed hyperleptinemia and hypertension by postnatal dietary omega-3 fatty acids[J]. Endocrinology,2006,147:599-606.
[33]Madsen L,Petersen R K,Kristiansen K. Regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function by polyunsaturated fatty acids[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2005,1740:266-286.
[34]Massiera F,Saint-Marc P,Seydoux J,et al.Arachidonic acid and prostacyclin singnaling promote adipose tissue development:a human health concern[J].J Lipid Res,2003,44:271-279.
[35]王永军,刘本君,任道平,等.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及应用[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2007,10:19-20.
[36]李秋荣,谭力,王畅,等.二十碳五烯酸改变JurkatT细胞膜脂肪微区域脂肪环境的研究[J].营养学报,2006,28(2):124-127,131.
[37]汪颧,李秋荣,郝群,等.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对树突状细胞表型和功能的抑制作用[J].中华实验外科杂志,2005,22(12):1472-1479.
[38]Curtis C L,Rees S G,Little C B,et al.Pathologic indicators of degradation and inflammation in human osteoairhrilic carti lage are aboragted by exposure to n-3 fatty acids[J].Arhritis Rheum,2002,46(6):1544-1553.
[39]Mimikjoo B,Brown S E,Kin H F,et al.Protein kinase inhi bition by omega-3 fatty acids[J].J Biol Chem,2001,276:10888-10896.
[40]韦娜,糜漫天.n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸不同比例对乳腺癌细胞缝隙连接细胞通讯的影响[J].第三军医大学学报,2006,28(4):338-341.
[41]冯晓梅,韩玉谦,李衫,等.高DHA含量营养保健鸡蛋的研究[J].食品科学,2006,27(4):167-170.
[42]王欣.日粮中添加亚麻籽,维生素E和抗氧宝对鸡蛋品质的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2006,5:17-19.
[43]Lopez-Ferrer S,Baucell M D,Barroeta A C,et al.n-3 enrichment of chicken meat I.Use of very long-chain fatty acids in chicken diets and their influence on meat quality:fish oil[J].Poult sci,2001,80:741-752.
[44]韩正强,张志成.日粮中脂肪酸对羊牛猪肉中长链多不饱和脂肪酸和共扼亚油酸的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(4):9-12.
[45]Yam D,Peled A,Shinitzky M,et al.Suppression of tumor growth and metastasis by dietary fish oil combined with vitamins E and C and cisplatin[J].Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2001,47:34-40.
[46]张乾勇,糜漫天,承海.鱼油联合肿瘤坏死因子-α对乳腺癌移植瘤的影响[J].中国公共卫生,2005,21(11):1313-1314.
[47]Kremer J M.n-3 fatty acid supplements in rheumaloid arthritis[J].Am J Clin Nutr,2000,71:349S-351S.
[48]王燕.脂肪酸合成酶在非小细胞肺癌中表达的临床意义[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2002,24(3):271-273.
[49]Matthew H H,Chirala S S,Wakil S J.Human Fatty-Acid Synthase Gene[J].J.Biol.Chem,1996,271:13584-13592.
[50]Kameda K,Goodridge A G.Isolation and Partial Charaterization of the Gene for Goose Fatty Acid Synthase[J].Biol Chem,1991,266:419-426.
[51]颜新春,汪以真,许梓荣.动物脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)基因表达的调控[J].动物营养学报,2002,2(14):1-4.
[52]Simith S,Wikowski A,Joshi A K.Structural andfunctional organization of the animal fatty acid synthase[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2003,40:289-317.
[53]Semenkovich C F.Regulation of fatty acid synthase(FAS)[J].Progress in Lipid Research,1997,36:43-53.
[54]Zhou C H,Ohtani S,Tanaka K I.Carcass composition parts proportion and fat deposition of meattype growing ducks[J].Jpn Poult Sci,2000,37(6):357-364.
[55]Blake W L,Clarke S D.Suppression of rat hepatic fatty acid syntehase and S14 gene transclption by dietary polyun-saturated fat[J].J Nutr,1990,120:1727-1729.
[56]Nakamura M T,Cho H P,Clarke S D.Regulation of hepatic △6-desaturase expression of fatty acid synthase gene expression in mice[J].Nutr,2000,130:1561-1565.
[57]Clarke.Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription:a molecular mechanism to improve the metabolic syndrome[J].Nutrition,2001,131:1129-1132.
[58]Clarke S D,Armstrong M K,Jump D B.Nutritional control of rat liver fatty acid synthase and and S 14 mRNA abundance[J].J Nutr,1990,120:218-224.
[59]Dana R S,Darrell A K,Stephen B S.Depression of lipogenesis in swine adipose tissue by specific dietary fatty acids[J].J Anim.Sci,1996,74:975-983.
[60]储明星 译,师守垄 校.数量遗传学导论[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[61]吴泽辉.生长分化因子9基因多态性与济宁青山羊产羔数关系的研究[硕士论文],四川农业大学,2005.
[62]Bostin D,White R L,Skolnick M,et al.Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymouphism[J].American Journal of Human Genetic,1980,32:314-331.
[63]李春喜,王志和,王文林.生物统计学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[64]明道绪.高级生物统计与实验设计[M].中国农业出版社,2000.
[65]吴登俊.SAS高级统计分析系统[M].2002.
[66]王小军,彭祥伟,秦福生,等.填饲后朗德鹅肉脂营养成分分析及营养价值评定[J].现代食品科技,2006,22(2):46-48.
[67]魏建军,王信美,金武,等.茶多酚对朗德鹅产肝性能、屠宰性能及体脂沉积的影响[J].饲料工业,2007(28):25-28.
[68]Jacques Mourot,Gerard Guy,Philippe Peiniau,et al.Effects of overfeeding on lipid synthesis,transport and storage in two breeds of geese differing in their capacity for fatty liver production[J].Anim.res,2006(55):427-442.
[69]Grifin H D,Butterwith S C,et al.Contribution of lipopmten lipase to diferences in fatness between Broiler and layer-strain chickens[J].Br Poult Sci,1987(28):197-206.
[70]呙于明.家禽营养tM].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[71]杨凤.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[72]张永刚,印遇龙,黄瑞林,等.多不饱和脂肪酸的营养所用及其基因表达调控[J].中国饲料,2006(13):9-12.
[73]陈士勇,呙于明,夏兆刚,等.不同类型多不饱和脂肪酸和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能及肝脏脂质过氧化的影响[J].营养学报,2003,25(4):383-388.
[74]Shang X G,Wang F L,Li D F,et al.Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk,plasma and liver as well as hepatic stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity and gene expression in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(12):1886-1892.
[75]Oloyo R A,Ogumnode K.Efect of dietary palm kernel oil supplementation on biotin requirement of broiler[J].Indian J Anim Sci,2000,70(6):623-627.
[76]Delany J P,Bioh M F,Truett A A,et al.CLA rapidly reduces body fat in mice without affecting intake[J].Am J Physiol,1999,276:1172-1179.
[77]Berven G A,Bye A,Hais O,et al.Safety of CLA in overweight or obese human volunteers[J].Eur Lipid Sci Technol,2000,102:455-462.
[78]薛惠平,倪培华,吴洁敏,等.炎症性肠病与Fas基因启动子670G/A多态性的关系[J].诊断学理论与实践,2007,6(4):369-371.
[79]陈衍,刘文超,秦鸿雁,等.人FAS启动子驱动的HSV-TK重组腺病毒靶向杀伤SKBR3乳腺癌细胞的研究[J].现代肿瘤学,2007,15(12):1701-1703.
[80]Kalish R B,Nguyen D P,Vardhana S,et al.A single nucleotide A>G polymorphism at position -670 in the FAS gene promoter:Relationship to preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes in multifetal pregnancies[J].AM JOB STET GYNECOL,2005,192(1):208-212.
[81]Hsu M H,Chirala S S,Wakil S J,et al.Human fatty-acid synthase gene Evidence for the presence of two promoters and their functional interaction[J].J Biol Chem,1996,271(23):13584-13592.
[82]张玉静.分子遗传学.北京,科学出版社.2000.
[83].M Tosi.Molecular genetics of C1 inhibitor[J].Immunobiology,1998,199(2):358-365.
[84]张小玲.鸡生长激素基因的多态性与屠宰和肉质性状间的相关分析.[硕士论文].四川雅安.四川农业大学.2006.
[85]欧阳建华,谢亮,刘杰,等.鸡FAS基因2个位点的多样性及其与体重、脂肪沉积性状的相关性[J].畜牧兽医学报.2007,38(1):25-30.
[86]Pascal Chartrin,Marie-Dominique Bemadet,Gerard Guy,et al.Does overfeeding enhance genotype effects on energy metabolism and lipid deposition in breast muscle of ducks?[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and hysiology,2006,145(PartA):413-418.
[87]田维熙,董妍,权晖,等.不同生长期蛋鸡的体脂水平和肝脏脂肪合成酶活性的关系[J].生物化学杂志,1996,2:324-326.
[88 Sourdioux M,Douaire M,Delabrosse Y.DNA polymorphism of lipogenesis genes and analysis of linkage with fatness in turkey[J].Poultry Sci,1996,75:1018-1026.
[89]Sourdioux M,Brevelet C,Delabrosse Y,et al.Association of fatty-acid synthase gene and malic enayme gene polymorphism with fatness in turkey[J].Poultry Sci,1999,78:1651-1657.
[90]Jennen D G,Vereijken A L,Bovenhuis H,et al.Detection and localization of quantitative trait loci affecting fatness in broilers[J].Poultry Sci,2004,83(3):295-301.
[91]熊文中,杨凤,周安国.猪重组生长激素对不同杂交肥育猪脂肪代谢调控的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2001,32(1):1-4.
[92]单体中,汪以真,刘建新,等.不同日龄猪腹脂中脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)基因表达规律的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2006,37(7):626-666.
[93]Nogalska A,Swierczynski J.The age-related differences in obese and fatty acid synthase gene expression in white adipose tissue of rat[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2001,1553:73-80.
[94]王还滨.西农萨能羊乳腺脂肪酸合酶(FAS)基因及其启动子的克隆、测序与分析.[硕士论文].2007.