高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪电子学
|
摘要
高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪(简称SOX)是国内某太阳探测卫星的6个科学探测载荷之一。其主要探测任务是实现对太阳软X射线的高分辨能谱测量。主要科学目标是研究太阳耀斑软X射线辐射特征与热等离子体的演化,获取耀斑热辐射中连续谱和谱线(主要是6.7keV附近的Fe XXV与8keV附近的Fe/Ni线),以及热等离子体的温度、辐射标度和日冕元素丰度等参数的变化信息。另外SOX将作为太阳高分辨宽波段高能辐射谱仪(HEBS)的补充共同实现对太阳低能X射线到高能Gamma射线(1keV~600MeV)的探测。
硅漂移室探测器(SDD)具有体积小、内部集成制冷、分辨率高(FWHM最好可到130eV)、死时间小等优点,可以实现对中低能X射线的能谱进行精确测量。因此高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪中我们采用两路硅漂移室探测器分别对太阳X射线的中低能区的1-15keV和4-30keV能谱进行测量。两路探测器的交叉覆盖能谱5-10keV可以确保对太阳6.7keV和8keV附近的Fe、Ni离子谱线的探测。我们设计的高分辨太阳X射线谱仪载荷原理样机主要包括前端探测器读出电路,数据采集单元,数据管理单元和供电单元几个部分。
论文分析了高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪的物理需求和设计方案,重点介绍了谱仪原理样机的数据采集单元和载荷数据管理单元的电子学软硬件设计。数据采集单元对两路前端探测器的输出信号进行幅度采集、能谱累积和率计统计,对系统的工作电压、温度等信息进行监测,并打包成多种类型的数据包通过LVDS总线传送给载荷数据管理单元。载荷数据管理单元负责与卫星公共数管进行通信,通过1553B总线与卫星公共数管之间进行遥控和遥测通信,通过LVDS总线转发数据采集单元的科学数据包到卫星的公共数管。我们还设计了地面测试系统来模拟卫星公共数管的功能与SOX谱仪载荷进行1553B和LVDS总线的数据通讯。通过地面测试系统对SOX谱仪原理样机的功能进行了测试,测试表明设计的样机各项指标满足的物理需求。
论文最后对SOX谱仪原理样机做了总结,并对未来进一步的工作做出了展望。
The high resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer (SOX) is being developed as one of the six scientific payloads onboard a solar exploration satellite. Its main mission is to measure the solar soft X-ray energy spectrum. The main scientific purpose of the SOX spectrometer is to research on the evolution of thermal plasma and the characteristics of the X-ray radiation of solar flares, to get the continuous spectrum and lines (mainly the Fe XXV line near 6.7keV and the Fe/Ni line near 8keV) of solar flare thermal radiation and to study the changes of the thermal plasma temperature, radiation emission measure and coronal abundances. The SOX spectrometer is also served as a supplementary for the High Energy Burst Spectrometer (HEBS) to measure the solar energy spectrum from low energy X-ray to Gammar ray(1keV～600Mev).
The Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) with features of high resolution (better than 130eV@5.9keV), small size, internal integration of refrigeration and high count rate, can precisely measure the middle and low energy X-ray. Therefore two SDD detectors are adopted in SOX spectrometer to measure the solar X-ray spectra in the energy range of 1-15keV and 4-30keV, respectively. The overlapped energy range of 5-10keV can cover the measurement of the Fe/Li ion lines near 6.7keV and 8keV. The prototype of the high resolution solar X-ray spectrometer includes readout circuit for the front detectors, data acquisition unit, payload handling data unit and power supply unit.
The physical requirements and project design of the high resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer are introduced in this article. The electronics hardware and software design of data acquision (DAQ) unit and payload data handling unit (PDHU) are specially described in detail. The DAQ unit is responsible for data acquisition of two detectors, housekeeping data monitoring (voltage, temperature, etc.) and transfering data to PDHU. The PDHU is used to process telecommands, control DAQ system operation and communicate between SOX and satelite on-board data handling (OBDH). A ground test system which is adopted to communicate with SOX payload through LVDS bus and 1553B bus and test the functions of the SOX payload is also designed to simulate the functions of satellite OBDH. The test results are shown that the performences of the prototype of the SOX payload satisfies the physical requirements for solar soft X-ray measurement.
The summary for developing the prototype of the SOX spectrometer and the prospects of future work are introduced in the end.
硅漂移室探测器(SDD)具有体积小、内部集成制冷、分辨率高(FWHM最好可到130eV)、死时间小等优点,可以实现对中低能X射线的能谱进行精确测量。因此高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪中我们采用两路硅漂移室探测器分别对太阳X射线的中低能区的1-15keV和4-30keV能谱进行测量。两路探测器的交叉覆盖能谱5-10keV可以确保对太阳6.7keV和8keV附近的Fe、Ni离子谱线的探测。我们设计的高分辨太阳X射线谱仪载荷原理样机主要包括前端探测器读出电路,数据采集单元,数据管理单元和供电单元几个部分。
论文分析了高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪的物理需求和设计方案,重点介绍了谱仪原理样机的数据采集单元和载荷数据管理单元的电子学软硬件设计。数据采集单元对两路前端探测器的输出信号进行幅度采集、能谱累积和率计统计,对系统的工作电压、温度等信息进行监测,并打包成多种类型的数据包通过LVDS总线传送给载荷数据管理单元。载荷数据管理单元负责与卫星公共数管进行通信,通过1553B总线与卫星公共数管之间进行遥控和遥测通信,通过LVDS总线转发数据采集单元的科学数据包到卫星的公共数管。我们还设计了地面测试系统来模拟卫星公共数管的功能与SOX谱仪载荷进行1553B和LVDS总线的数据通讯。通过地面测试系统对SOX谱仪原理样机的功能进行了测试,测试表明设计的样机各项指标满足的物理需求。
论文最后对SOX谱仪原理样机做了总结,并对未来进一步的工作做出了展望。
The high resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer (SOX) is being developed as one of the six scientific payloads onboard a solar exploration satellite. Its main mission is to measure the solar soft X-ray energy spectrum. The main scientific purpose of the SOX spectrometer is to research on the evolution of thermal plasma and the characteristics of the X-ray radiation of solar flares, to get the continuous spectrum and lines (mainly the Fe XXV line near 6.7keV and the Fe/Ni line near 8keV) of solar flare thermal radiation and to study the changes of the thermal plasma temperature, radiation emission measure and coronal abundances. The SOX spectrometer is also served as a supplementary for the High Energy Burst Spectrometer (HEBS) to measure the solar energy spectrum from low energy X-ray to Gammar ray(1keV～600Mev).
The Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) with features of high resolution (better than 130eV@5.9keV), small size, internal integration of refrigeration and high count rate, can precisely measure the middle and low energy X-ray. Therefore two SDD detectors are adopted in SOX spectrometer to measure the solar X-ray spectra in the energy range of 1-15keV and 4-30keV, respectively. The overlapped energy range of 5-10keV can cover the measurement of the Fe/Li ion lines near 6.7keV and 8keV. The prototype of the high resolution solar X-ray spectrometer includes readout circuit for the front detectors, data acquisition unit, payload handling data unit and power supply unit.
The physical requirements and project design of the high resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer are introduced in this article. The electronics hardware and software design of data acquision (DAQ) unit and payload data handling unit (PDHU) are specially described in detail. The DAQ unit is responsible for data acquisition of two detectors, housekeeping data monitoring (voltage, temperature, etc.) and transfering data to PDHU. The PDHU is used to process telecommands, control DAQ system operation and communicate between SOX and satelite on-board data handling (OBDH). A ground test system which is adopted to communicate with SOX payload through LVDS bus and 1553B bus and test the functions of the SOX payload is also designed to simulate the functions of satellite OBDH. The test results are shown that the performences of the prototype of the SOX payload satisfies the physical requirements for solar soft X-ray measurement.
The summary for developing the prototype of the SOX spectrometer and the prospects of future work are introduced in the end.
引文
[1]甘为群,太阳高能物理,科学出版社,2002年
[2]方成,丁明德,陈鹏飞。太阳活动区物理,南京大学出版社,2008年
[3]李新乔,神舟2号X射线探测器空间环境与太阳耀斑观测,博士学位论文,高能物理研究所,2007年
[4]胡文瑞,林元章,吴林襄等,太阳耀斑,科学出版社,1983
[5]焦维新,空间探测,北京大学出版社,2002
[6] http://www.qiji.cn/baike/Detailed/12655.html , skylab
[7] http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/solarmax.html, Solar Max -imum Missio
[8]常进,甘为群,太阳软X射线及观测技术,紫金山天文台台刊,第14卷第4期,1995
[9]李保全,静止轨道卫星太阳X-EUV望成像远镜,博士学位论文,中科院空间科学与应用研究中心,2004
[10] http://baike.baidu.com/view/1259278?fromTaglist#sub1259278
[11]徐克尊,陈向军,陈宏芳,近代物理学,中国科学技术出版社,2008
[12]张万昌,何高葵,黄小健等,平面工艺Si-PIN低能X射线探测器研制,核电子学与探测技术,第29卷第1期,2009
[13] James R.Janesick, Sientific Charge-Coupled Devices, SPIE press, 2001
[14] http://www.ketek.net/products/vitus-sdd-modules/vitus-r100.html
[15]虞孝麒,核电子学方法,中国科学技术大学,1999
[16]王经瑾,范天明等,核电子学,原子能出版社,1983
[17]高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪载荷方案论证与初步设计(内部文档), 2010
[18] R.Alberti, C.Fiorini et al, High-rare X-ray spectroscopy using a Silicon Drift Detector and a charge preamplifier, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 568(2006) 106-111
[19] AD5300 datasheet, Analog Devices Inc, 1999
[20] PH300 datasheet, Amptek, Inc., 2008
[21] R. Jain, N.J.Bhatt and L.Bharti et al. Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS) mission: Observations and new results, ILWS WORKSHOP 2006, GOA, FEBRUARY 19-24, 2006
[22] TLC2543 datasheet, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[23] Spartan-3E FPGA Family: Complete Data Sheet, Xilinx, Inc
[24]孟宪元,钱伟康,FPGA嵌入式系统设计,电子工业出版社,2007
[25]唐朝京,雷菁,信息论与编码基础,电子工业出版社,2010
[26]徐福祥,卫星工程概论,中国宇航出版社,2003
[27]贾志宏,空间太阳望远镜在轨图像压缩单元的研制,博士学位论文,中科院国家天文台,2007
[28] MIL-STD-1553 Designer’s Guide, Data Device Corporation,2003
[29] MIL-STD-1553 Tutorial(1600100-0028), Condor Engineering Inc. 2000
[30]蒋冬初,李玉山,LVDS在高速数字系统中的应用研究,现在电子技术,2009年第7期
[31] VirtexTM 2.5V Field Programmable Gate Arrays product specification, Xilinx, Inc. 2001
[32] BU-61580 datasheet, Data Device Corporation, 1999
[33] ACE/Mini-ACE Series BC/RT/MT Advanced Communication Engine Integrated 1553 Terminal User’s Guide, Data Device Corporation, 2007
[34] CY7C68013 EZ-USB FX2TM USB Microcontroller High-speed USB Peripheral Controller, Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2002
[35] MT48LC8M16A2 datasheet, Micron Technology, Inc. 1999
[36] PCCARD-1553 interface for PCMCIA, GE Fanuc Embeded Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
[37] Carl Carmichael, Triple Module Redundancy Design Techniques for Virtex FPGAs, Xilinx xapp197, 2006
[38]段颖妮,基于FPGA伪随机序列发生器设计,电子测量技术,第32卷第5期,2009
[39]张飞,王焕玉等,基于FPGA控制实现的1553B总线通讯设计,航天控制,2010年第6期
[40]邱科平,唐玉华,许敖敖,太阳软X射线观测进展,天文学进展,第22卷第3期,2004
[41] Tanaka Y. Sol. Phys., 1983, 86:3
[42] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission
[43] http://baike.baidu.com/view/1110195.htm
[44]程泽浩,HXMT中能望远镜数据获取研究,博士学位论文,中国科学技术大学,2009年
[45] Complete 14-Bit, 3.0 MSPS Monolithic A/D Converter, AD9243 datasheet,Analog Devices, Inc., 1998
[46]彭文溪.嫦娥一号X射线谱仪数据处理方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院高能物理研究所,2009.
[47]鲍百容,元器件降额,质量与可靠性,2002年第4期
[48]http://www.Radio-electronics.Com/info/data/semicond/photo-diode/structures-materials.php.photodiode structures&materials.2007
[49]孟祥承,新型探测器技术的发展及在空间探测应用,空间探测厦门会议报告,2010
[50]王绶琯,周又元,x射线天体物理学,科学出版社,2010
[2]方成,丁明德,陈鹏飞。太阳活动区物理,南京大学出版社,2008年
[3]李新乔,神舟2号X射线探测器空间环境与太阳耀斑观测,博士学位论文,高能物理研究所,2007年
[4]胡文瑞,林元章,吴林襄等,太阳耀斑,科学出版社,1983
[5]焦维新,空间探测,北京大学出版社,2002
[6] http://www.qiji.cn/baike/Detailed/12655.html , skylab
[7] http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/solarmax.html, Solar Max -imum Missio
[8]常进,甘为群,太阳软X射线及观测技术,紫金山天文台台刊,第14卷第4期,1995
[9]李保全,静止轨道卫星太阳X-EUV望成像远镜,博士学位论文,中科院空间科学与应用研究中心,2004
[10] http://baike.baidu.com/view/1259278?fromTaglist#sub1259278
[11]徐克尊,陈向军,陈宏芳,近代物理学,中国科学技术出版社,2008
[12]张万昌,何高葵,黄小健等,平面工艺Si-PIN低能X射线探测器研制,核电子学与探测技术,第29卷第1期,2009
[13] James R.Janesick, Sientific Charge-Coupled Devices, SPIE press, 2001
[14] http://www.ketek.net/products/vitus-sdd-modules/vitus-r100.html
[15]虞孝麒,核电子学方法,中国科学技术大学,1999
[16]王经瑾,范天明等,核电子学,原子能出版社,1983
[17]高分辨太阳软X射线谱仪载荷方案论证与初步设计(内部文档), 2010
[18] R.Alberti, C.Fiorini et al, High-rare X-ray spectroscopy using a Silicon Drift Detector and a charge preamplifier, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 568(2006) 106-111
[19] AD5300 datasheet, Analog Devices Inc, 1999
[20] PH300 datasheet, Amptek, Inc., 2008
[21] R. Jain, N.J.Bhatt and L.Bharti et al. Solar X-ray Spectrometer (SOXS) mission: Observations and new results, ILWS WORKSHOP 2006, GOA, FEBRUARY 19-24, 2006
[22] TLC2543 datasheet, Texas Instruments Incorporated, 2001
[23] Spartan-3E FPGA Family: Complete Data Sheet, Xilinx, Inc
[24]孟宪元,钱伟康,FPGA嵌入式系统设计,电子工业出版社,2007
[25]唐朝京,雷菁,信息论与编码基础,电子工业出版社,2010
[26]徐福祥,卫星工程概论,中国宇航出版社,2003
[27]贾志宏,空间太阳望远镜在轨图像压缩单元的研制,博士学位论文,中科院国家天文台,2007
[28] MIL-STD-1553 Designer’s Guide, Data Device Corporation,2003
[29] MIL-STD-1553 Tutorial(1600100-0028), Condor Engineering Inc. 2000
[30]蒋冬初,李玉山,LVDS在高速数字系统中的应用研究,现在电子技术,2009年第7期
[31] VirtexTM 2.5V Field Programmable Gate Arrays product specification, Xilinx, Inc. 2001
[32] BU-61580 datasheet, Data Device Corporation, 1999
[33] ACE/Mini-ACE Series BC/RT/MT Advanced Communication Engine Integrated 1553 Terminal User’s Guide, Data Device Corporation, 2007
[34] CY7C68013 EZ-USB FX2TM USB Microcontroller High-speed USB Peripheral Controller, Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, 2002
[35] MT48LC8M16A2 datasheet, Micron Technology, Inc. 1999
[36] PCCARD-1553 interface for PCMCIA, GE Fanuc Embeded Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
[37] Carl Carmichael, Triple Module Redundancy Design Techniques for Virtex FPGAs, Xilinx xapp197, 2006
[38]段颖妮,基于FPGA伪随机序列发生器设计,电子测量技术,第32卷第5期,2009
[39]张飞,王焕玉等,基于FPGA控制实现的1553B总线通讯设计,航天控制,2010年第6期
[40]邱科平,唐玉华,许敖敖,太阳软X射线观测进展,天文学进展,第22卷第3期,2004
[41] Tanaka Y. Sol. Phys., 1983, 86:3
[42] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_Maximum_Mission
[43] http://baike.baidu.com/view/1110195.htm
[44]程泽浩,HXMT中能望远镜数据获取研究,博士学位论文,中国科学技术大学,2009年
[45] Complete 14-Bit, 3.0 MSPS Monolithic A/D Converter, AD9243 datasheet,Analog Devices, Inc., 1998
[46]彭文溪.嫦娥一号X射线谱仪数据处理方法研究[D].北京:中国科学院高能物理研究所,2009.
[47]鲍百容,元器件降额,质量与可靠性,2002年第4期
[48]http://www.Radio-electronics.Com/info/data/semicond/photo-diode/structures-materials.php.photodiode structures&materials.2007
[49]孟祥承,新型探测器技术的发展及在空间探测应用,空间探测厦门会议报告,2010
[50]王绶琯,周又元,x射线天体物理学,科学出版社,2010