多功能清雪车螺旋集雪器结构与性能研究
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摘要
本文依托吉林大学与沈阳山河工程机械厂合作的“多功能清雪车研发”项目,对浮雪清除装置——螺旋集雪器的结构和性能进行研究。在阐述其结构和工作原理的基础上,分析螺旋叶片的结构和成形方式,分析雪的物理力学性质,研究螺旋集雪器结构参数,即螺旋外径、螺旋角、螺距、螺旋轴直径对螺旋集雪器性能的影响;在此基础上建立螺旋功耗以及清雪效率的数学模型;借助计算机分析软件,对螺旋功耗和清雪效率进行计算机数值分析,分析螺旋外径、螺旋的螺距、螺旋轴直径等螺旋结构参数以及螺旋转速、清雪车行进速度等性能参数对功耗、清雪效率的影响,并得到相应的特性参数关系曲线;以螺旋集雪器最小功耗和最大清雪作业效率为目标函数,对螺旋集雪器结构参数进行优化分析。理论计算、计算机数值分析和优化分析为多功能清雪车螺旋集雪器结构设计提供了一定的理论参考。
Snow cover on the road is one of the hidden dangers of traffic security, if the snow can not be cleared on time, the safety of people to travel will get harm. The efficiency of manual snow-removing is low, which takes many troubles to pedestrian, so it is more urgent to need mechanized snow-removing.
Multifunctional snow-removing is the special mechanical equipment of road maintenance in winter which is used to eliminating snow, ensuring patency of traffic and safety of driving. It continuous low temperature in winter in most areas of the northeast and northwest in our country, the important factor to traffic jam and even malignant accident is the wet road surface owing to the snow which can not melt during many months. Especially, with the rapid development of expressway construction in recent years, it seems especially important of the snow-removing of highway and city road. It can not meet the market demand of the production development of snow removing machinery in China, while the price to the imported snow-removing equipment is high, the supply cycle of service and fittings is long, the cost is expensive, which can not completely meet the road condition of our country. So it has great practical significance and huge economic benefit to design and manufacture highly-efficient snow-removing adapted to the snowy district of our country.
The snow clearing capacity of the snow-remover depends on the properties of snow clearing device, so it is necessary to study the structure and properties of snow clearing device deeply. At present, the mechanical“real-time snow removing”technology is adopted in many countries. Mechanical“real-time snow removing”technology is clearing by using floating snow clearing machinery while it snows, the process of snowing is just process of clearing, so the clearing work can be basically completed. Aiming at this conception, floating snow clearing device with high efficiency, time saving and force saving is needed. The device mainly used for clearing floating snow is spiral snow collection, which is generally used with high speed rotating fan and snow throwing cylinder. Snow is collected by spiral snow collection and threw to roadside or snow truck through snow throwing cylinder driven by rotating fan, which can save time, and the efficiency is high. But the clearing efficiency also has a certain gap while being compared with developed countries, so deep research is needed to improve it.
This paper relys on the cooperative project“Research and Development of Multifunctional Snow-removing”between Jilin university and Shenyang Shanhe engineering machine factory, mainly studies the snow-removing device spiral snow collection based on the refitted ZL50 loader. Research on optimization of the structure and properties of the spiral snow-collected device is made. The main research contents are as follows:
(1) Combining with the project, the installation style and working system of spiral snow collection are illustrated, and the structure and working principle are introduced, then the design technical parameters of spiral snow collection and performance parameter of loader are given; the spiral blade is chose and its expansion form is illustrated, which lay a function for subsequent related analysis and calculation ; the physical characteristics of snow is studied, lay a theoretical foundation for the mechanical analysis of snow later.
(2) Base on the mechanical analysis and velocity analysis of snow, the relationship between various parameters of the spiral snow collection and the working properties was studied, and the helical vane, the pitch of helical vane and helix angle are determined preliminarily. The mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection were established. According to the press, displacement and power to choose the type of motor for snow plough, and the diameter of helical axis and the rotational speed of the spiral snow collection is determined. In order to avoiding sympathetic vibration, modal analysis of the spiral snow collection is made, the conclusion of which shows that resonance will not occurs to the spiral snow collection in the determined rotational speed.
(3) According to the mathematics models established, by means of the tool box of Simulink of MATLAB, the system block diagrams are builded. Then according to the related technique parameters and the references and literatures, mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection were simulated. Which analyzed the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection of the structure parameters such as the helical vane D, the diameter of helical axis d, the pitch of helical vane s and technology parameters such as rotational speed of the spiral snow-collected n device and the marching speed of the snow-removing V. The conclusion of simulation shows that the influence of the structure parameters on the consumed power of the spiral snow-collected device is littile, which can be ignored, but the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow of helical vane of the spiral snow collection D and the pitch of helical vane s of the spiral snow collection is great, along with the augment of the helical vane of the spiral snow collection D, the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spiral snow collection rises; along with the augment of the pitch of helical vane s of the spiral snow collection, the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spiral snow collection rises. And the influence of the diameter of helical axis d to the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spirial snow collection is not big. The influence of the technology parameters on efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection are both great, along with the augment of rotational speed of the spiral snow collection, the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection both rise, along with the augment of the marching speed of the snow-removing, the consumed power of the spiral snow collection device rises. It has a certain reference value of the analysis above to the structure design and research on properties of the spiral snow collection and so on.
(4) Combined with the result of the simulation, the least power consumption and the largest productivity are taken synchronously as objective functions. The rigidity limitation, anti-torsion limitation, power limitation, and the boundary restraint of the helical vane D, the pitch of helical vane s, and helical angle of the spiral snow-collected deviceαare taken as constraints. Based on the genetic algorithm, the structure parameters of the spiral snow collection are optimized, and the structure optimized was obtained. The result of optimization is that the helical vane D equals to 0.83m, the pitch of helical vane s equals to 1.6m.
Snow cover on the road is one of the hidden dangers of traffic security, if the snow can not be cleared on time, the safety of people to travel will get harm. The efficiency of manual snow-removing is low, which takes many troubles to pedestrian, so it is more urgent to need mechanized snow-removing.
Multifunctional snow-removing is the special mechanical equipment of road maintenance in winter which is used to eliminating snow, ensuring patency of traffic and safety of driving. It continuous low temperature in winter in most areas of the northeast and northwest in our country, the important factor to traffic jam and even malignant accident is the wet road surface owing to the snow which can not melt during many months. Especially, with the rapid development of expressway construction in recent years, it seems especially important of the snow-removing of highway and city road. It can not meet the market demand of the production development of snow removing machinery in China, while the price to the imported snow-removing equipment is high, the supply cycle of service and fittings is long, the cost is expensive, which can not completely meet the road condition of our country. So it has great practical significance and huge economic benefit to design and manufacture highly-efficient snow-removing adapted to the snowy district of our country.
The snow clearing capacity of the snow-remover depends on the properties of snow clearing device, so it is necessary to study the structure and properties of snow clearing device deeply. At present, the mechanical“real-time snow removing”technology is adopted in many countries. Mechanical“real-time snow removing”technology is clearing by using floating snow clearing machinery while it snows, the process of snowing is just process of clearing, so the clearing work can be basically completed. Aiming at this conception, floating snow clearing device with high efficiency, time saving and force saving is needed. The device mainly used for clearing floating snow is spiral snow collection, which is generally used with high speed rotating fan and snow throwing cylinder. Snow is collected by spiral snow collection and threw to roadside or snow truck through snow throwing cylinder driven by rotating fan, which can save time, and the efficiency is high. But the clearing efficiency also has a certain gap while being compared with developed countries, so deep research is needed to improve it.
This paper relys on the cooperative project“Research and Development of Multifunctional Snow-removing”between Jilin university and Shenyang Shanhe engineering machine factory, mainly studies the snow-removing device spiral snow collection based on the refitted ZL50 loader. Research on optimization of the structure and properties of the spiral snow-collected device is made. The main research contents are as follows:
(1) Combining with the project, the installation style and working system of spiral snow collection are illustrated, and the structure and working principle are introduced, then the design technical parameters of spiral snow collection and performance parameter of loader are given; the spiral blade is chose and its expansion form is illustrated, which lay a function for subsequent related analysis and calculation ; the physical characteristics of snow is studied, lay a theoretical foundation for the mechanical analysis of snow later.
(2) Base on the mechanical analysis and velocity analysis of snow, the relationship between various parameters of the spiral snow collection and the working properties was studied, and the helical vane, the pitch of helical vane and helix angle are determined preliminarily. The mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection were established. According to the press, displacement and power to choose the type of motor for snow plough, and the diameter of helical axis and the rotational speed of the spiral snow collection is determined. In order to avoiding sympathetic vibration, modal analysis of the spiral snow collection is made, the conclusion of which shows that resonance will not occurs to the spiral snow collection in the determined rotational speed.
(3) According to the mathematics models established, by means of the tool box of Simulink of MATLAB, the system block diagrams are builded. Then according to the related technique parameters and the references and literatures, mathematical models of efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection were simulated. Which analyzed the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection of the structure parameters such as the helical vane D, the diameter of helical axis d, the pitch of helical vane s and technology parameters such as rotational speed of the spiral snow-collected n device and the marching speed of the snow-removing V. The conclusion of simulation shows that the influence of the structure parameters on the consumed power of the spiral snow-collected device is littile, which can be ignored, but the influence on the efficiency of cleaning snow of helical vane of the spiral snow collection D and the pitch of helical vane s of the spiral snow collection is great, along with the augment of the helical vane of the spiral snow collection D, the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spiral snow collection rises; along with the augment of the pitch of helical vane s of the spiral snow collection, the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spiral snow collection rises. And the influence of the diameter of helical axis d to the efficiency of cleaning snow of the spirial snow collection is not big. The influence of the technology parameters on efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection are both great, along with the augment of rotational speed of the spiral snow collection, the efficiency of cleaning snow and consumed power of the spiral snow collection both rise, along with the augment of the marching speed of the snow-removing, the consumed power of the spiral snow collection device rises. It has a certain reference value of the analysis above to the structure design and research on properties of the spiral snow collection and so on.
(4) Combined with the result of the simulation, the least power consumption and the largest productivity are taken synchronously as objective functions. The rigidity limitation, anti-torsion limitation, power limitation, and the boundary restraint of the helical vane D, the pitch of helical vane s, and helical angle of the spiral snow-collected deviceαare taken as constraints. Based on the genetic algorithm, the structure parameters of the spiral snow collection are optimized, and the structure optimized was obtained. The result of optimization is that the helical vane D equals to 0.83m, the pitch of helical vane s equals to 1.6m.
引文
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