基于网络的适应性远程教育系统的研究
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摘要
基于网络的远程教育是于20世纪90年代出现的一种师生分离的、凭借媒体所进行的教育模式，它以计算机网络技术、卫星通信技术为基础，以多媒体技术为主要手段。可以预料，在未来的信息社会中，基于网络的远程教育将在人们的生活和学习中起到重要的作用。
本文的主要创新性工作包括：
(1)提出了一种基于网络的适应性远程学习系统。该系统以学习者为中心，从而满足适应性学习的需求；系统在网络服务器的基础上增加了应用服务器，从而使系统的负载能力得到提高，能适应更多的学习者的需求；由于系统在资源库服务器和资源库的基础上增加了用户库服务器和用户库，从而使系统的各模块之间能协调工作，提高了系统的灵活性和适应性。
(2)提出了一种基于模糊理论的适应性远程学习系统的资源库和用户库模型。这种模型既能形成描述课程知识的模糊结构图，又能针对不同的学习者的知识形成其模糊结构子图；模型能对描述学习者认知水平的模糊概念进行定量描述，并能根据学习者的学习进度和认知水平，提供不同的学习内容。实验结果表明，利用该模型构建的适应性远程学习系统与改善学习者的学习有正相关性。
(3)提出并实现了一种基于网络的安全远程教育管理系统，将公钥密码学中的加密和数字签名方法应用于该管理系统中，能很好地满足系统对安全性和认证性的要求；以现有的ElGamal数字签名体制为基础，提出了基于网络的远程教育系统的代理数字签名算法：单代理数字签名算法和多代理数字签名算法，与目前用得较多的基于Fiat-Shamir签名体制的代理数字签名算法和基于Guillou-Quisquater签名体制的代理数字签名算法相比，这些算法具有密钥短小、参数规模小、运算速度快和安全性好的优点。
(4)对基于WAN和基于LAN的实时远程教育系统进行了比较，依托山西师范大学高速的多媒体校园网，构建了一种基于H.323协议标准的实时远程教育系统，给出了系统的拥塞控制策略，并通过实验验证了其有效性和实用性。
(5)提出了适用于基于网络的适应性远程考试系统的最大信息量组卷模型，将线性规划的离差加权模型应用于组卷系统中，并给出了便于实现的组卷策略和步骤；将相关系数法应用于基于网络的适应性远程考试的试卷分析中，给出了用相关系数法进行试卷分析的模型和方法；通过实例验证了这些方法的可行性和实用性。
(6)实现了基于网络的适应性远程学习系统、适应性远程考试系统的资源库、用户库、题库的建构方法和功能结构、工作流程及开发的关键技术，在此基础上，完成了系统的主要界面和主要功能模块的设计。
Distance education based on the network is a kind of education pattern, whichappears in 1990's. It has such characteristic: The teachers and students separate, rely onthe media carrying on the teaching. It take the computer network technology, thesatellite communication technology as the foundation, it also take the multimediatechnology as the main method. We may expect that distance education based on thenetwork will play the vital role in people's life and the study in the future informationsociety.
The main new points of this paper can be summarized, that is:
(1) An adaptive e-learning system based on network environment is proposed. As aresult of making the learner become the center of system, the requirements of adaptivelearning are met; As a result of adding application server on network server, theloading ability of the system is improved, and more requirements of learner are met; asa result of adding learner data-base server & learner data-base, the cooperative powerof every sections in the system are improved, the flexibility and adaptability of thesystem are increased.
(2) The learning database & the learner database models of an adaptive e-learningsystem are proposed based on the fuzzy sets. Owing to make use of the fuzzy setstheory, this model enables to form the fuzzy graph that is used to describe theknowledge of the network Courses, and it enables to form the fuzzy subgraph that isused to describe the individual learner's knowledge. This system enables to recognizeeach individual learner and describe their knowledge by means of fixing quantifyration, and dynamically provides the navigation of each individual learner. This abilityto adapt to an individual learner's needs can significantly improve the learning processand meet the requirements of individual learning. The results of the test have indicatedthat improving learner's results directly correlative to the learning system.
(3) The security distance education management system based on the network isproposed. The application of the cryptography and the digital signature in thismanagement system could satisfy the system well with the request of secure and theauthentication. The proxy digital signature algorithms based on The ElGamalsignature scheme in existence are proposed, and they are mono-proxy digital signaturealgorithm and multi-proxy digital signature.These digital signature algorithms have thestrongpoint of short key, small parameter scale, rapid operation, finer security, andcontrast with the proxy digital signature algorithms based on The Fiat-Shamirsignature scheme and The Guillou-Quisquater signature scheme.
(4) The system based on the WAN is compared with that based on the LAN.Depended on the high speed multimedia campus network of Shanxi Normal University,one kind of real-time e-learning system is provided and constructed based on theH.323 protocol standard, its strategy of congestion control have been provided, and itsfeasibility and usability are confirmed through the example.
(5) The linear programming theory is applied to present and complete the greatestinformation content model, which is suitable for the adaptive e-testing system based onthe network. The weighted deviations model of the linear programming is applied inthe system to form the test paper, and in order to realize the system, the strategy andthe steps for forming test papers are provided. The relevant coefficient is used toanalyze the quality of the adaptive e-learning test. The model and the method, whichuse the relevant coefficient to carry on the quality analysis of test papers, are provided.And its feasibility and usability are confirmed through the example.
(6) The method, which constructs resource database, the user database and thequestion database, is realized. The composition and the technology of the adaptivee-learning system & the adaptive e-testing system based on the network are realized.The system function structure, the working program and essential technology fordeveloping the system are realized. In this foundation, the main contact surface, themain function module and so on about the system are designed and realized.
本文的主要创新性工作包括：
(1)提出了一种基于网络的适应性远程学习系统。该系统以学习者为中心，从而满足适应性学习的需求；系统在网络服务器的基础上增加了应用服务器，从而使系统的负载能力得到提高，能适应更多的学习者的需求；由于系统在资源库服务器和资源库的基础上增加了用户库服务器和用户库，从而使系统的各模块之间能协调工作，提高了系统的灵活性和适应性。
(2)提出了一种基于模糊理论的适应性远程学习系统的资源库和用户库模型。这种模型既能形成描述课程知识的模糊结构图，又能针对不同的学习者的知识形成其模糊结构子图；模型能对描述学习者认知水平的模糊概念进行定量描述，并能根据学习者的学习进度和认知水平，提供不同的学习内容。实验结果表明，利用该模型构建的适应性远程学习系统与改善学习者的学习有正相关性。
(3)提出并实现了一种基于网络的安全远程教育管理系统，将公钥密码学中的加密和数字签名方法应用于该管理系统中，能很好地满足系统对安全性和认证性的要求；以现有的ElGamal数字签名体制为基础，提出了基于网络的远程教育系统的代理数字签名算法：单代理数字签名算法和多代理数字签名算法，与目前用得较多的基于Fiat-Shamir签名体制的代理数字签名算法和基于Guillou-Quisquater签名体制的代理数字签名算法相比，这些算法具有密钥短小、参数规模小、运算速度快和安全性好的优点。
(4)对基于WAN和基于LAN的实时远程教育系统进行了比较，依托山西师范大学高速的多媒体校园网，构建了一种基于H.323协议标准的实时远程教育系统，给出了系统的拥塞控制策略，并通过实验验证了其有效性和实用性。
(5)提出了适用于基于网络的适应性远程考试系统的最大信息量组卷模型，将线性规划的离差加权模型应用于组卷系统中，并给出了便于实现的组卷策略和步骤；将相关系数法应用于基于网络的适应性远程考试的试卷分析中，给出了用相关系数法进行试卷分析的模型和方法；通过实例验证了这些方法的可行性和实用性。
(6)实现了基于网络的适应性远程学习系统、适应性远程考试系统的资源库、用户库、题库的建构方法和功能结构、工作流程及开发的关键技术，在此基础上，完成了系统的主要界面和主要功能模块的设计。
Distance education based on the network is a kind of education pattern, whichappears in 1990's. It has such characteristic: The teachers and students separate, rely onthe media carrying on the teaching. It take the computer network technology, thesatellite communication technology as the foundation, it also take the multimediatechnology as the main method. We may expect that distance education based on thenetwork will play the vital role in people's life and the study in the future informationsociety.
The main new points of this paper can be summarized, that is:
(1) An adaptive e-learning system based on network environment is proposed. As aresult of making the learner become the center of system, the requirements of adaptivelearning are met; As a result of adding application server on network server, theloading ability of the system is improved, and more requirements of learner are met; asa result of adding learner data-base server & learner data-base, the cooperative powerof every sections in the system are improved, the flexibility and adaptability of thesystem are increased.
(2) The learning database & the learner database models of an adaptive e-learningsystem are proposed based on the fuzzy sets. Owing to make use of the fuzzy setstheory, this model enables to form the fuzzy graph that is used to describe theknowledge of the network Courses, and it enables to form the fuzzy subgraph that isused to describe the individual learner's knowledge. This system enables to recognizeeach individual learner and describe their knowledge by means of fixing quantifyration, and dynamically provides the navigation of each individual learner. This abilityto adapt to an individual learner's needs can significantly improve the learning processand meet the requirements of individual learning. The results of the test have indicatedthat improving learner's results directly correlative to the learning system.
(3) The security distance education management system based on the network isproposed. The application of the cryptography and the digital signature in thismanagement system could satisfy the system well with the request of secure and theauthentication. The proxy digital signature algorithms based on The ElGamalsignature scheme in existence are proposed, and they are mono-proxy digital signaturealgorithm and multi-proxy digital signature.These digital signature algorithms have thestrongpoint of short key, small parameter scale, rapid operation, finer security, andcontrast with the proxy digital signature algorithms based on The Fiat-Shamirsignature scheme and The Guillou-Quisquater signature scheme.
(4) The system based on the WAN is compared with that based on the LAN.Depended on the high speed multimedia campus network of Shanxi Normal University,one kind of real-time e-learning system is provided and constructed based on theH.323 protocol standard, its strategy of congestion control have been provided, and itsfeasibility and usability are confirmed through the example.
(5) The linear programming theory is applied to present and complete the greatestinformation content model, which is suitable for the adaptive e-testing system based onthe network. The weighted deviations model of the linear programming is applied inthe system to form the test paper, and in order to realize the system, the strategy andthe steps for forming test papers are provided. The relevant coefficient is used toanalyze the quality of the adaptive e-learning test. The model and the method, whichuse the relevant coefficient to carry on the quality analysis of test papers, are provided.And its feasibility and usability are confirmed through the example.
(6) The method, which constructs resource database, the user database and thequestion database, is realized. The composition and the technology of the adaptivee-learning system & the adaptive e-testing system based on the network are realized.The system function structure, the working program and essential technology fordeveloping the system are realized. In this foundation, the main contact surface, themain function module and so on about the system are designed and realized.
引文
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