复合桌面虚拟化技术研究
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摘要
随着虚拟化技术的日益成熟及其广泛的应用前景,虚拟化已成为当今的研究热点。虚拟化一般可分为服务器虚拟化、网络虚拟化、存储虚拟化及桌面虚拟化。其中前面三种虚拟化特别是服务器虚拟化已经被IT界广泛使用,但是随着虚拟化技术向桌面计算的延伸,桌面虚拟化技术也越来越受到人们的关注。
桌面虚拟化与传统桌面环境相比,最主要的优势是可以集中化管理和交付,有效降低IT成本,提升信息安全;同时用户在任何地方都可拥有相同且个性化的计算环境,有效提高移动性。
一般的桌面虚拟化大多以服务器虚拟化(即虚拟机技术)为基础,存在操作系统单一,扩展性差或者资源利用低的缺点。本文提出了一种融合虚拟机、远程桌面、云计算相关技术的复合桌面虚拟化技术,该桌面虚拟化有如下特点:1.对不同操作系统平台的应用进行融合,整合在一个统一的桌面环境下。2.应用程序被封装成虚拟机模板,使用SaaS技术,对版权进行有效的管理和控制。3.只传输应用程序相关界面,减少网络传输。4.远程桌面与虚拟化技术相结合,提高虚拟资源利用率
为了验证该桌面虚拟化机制的有效性,我们以Xen、RDP/RFB为基础,实现了一个后端虚拟机集群管理软件VE-manager及负载平衡器VE-Balancer,同时利用web技术实现了一个前端portal,最终利用这些模块搭建了一个复合桌面虚拟化的原型系统VE-Desktop。
Along With the increasing maturity of virtualization technology and its broad prospect, virtualization has become a research hotspot. Virtualization in general can be divided into server virtualization, network virtualization, storage virtualization and desktop virtualization. The first three kinds of virtualization, especially server virtualization, has been widely deployed in the IT Infrastructure, but with the extension of Virtualization technology to desktop computing field, desktop virtualization technology is also gaining attention recently.
Compared with the traditional desktop environment, Desktop virtualization has follow key advantage: centralized management and delivery reduce the IT costs effectively and improve information security; at the same time, users can access the same and personalized computing environment everywhere, effectively improve the mobility.
Most of the desktop virtualization solution is based on server virtualization (i.e. virtual machine technology). Poor extensibility and low level of resource utilization are the general shortcoming of most the desktop virtualization solution. This paper presents a compound desktop virtualization solution with involved virtual machine, remote desktop and cloud computing technologies. Our desktop virtualization has the following characteristics: 1. The applications from different platforms are integrated into a single desktop environment. 2. All the applications are packed into virtual machine templates, using SaaS technology, so the copyright can be effectively protected. 3. Only the related interface of certain applications is transferred, so reduce the network transmission. 4. Combined the technology of Remote Desktop and Virtual machine, our solution can enhance resource utility.
In order to verify our desktop virtualization solution, we implement virtualized cluster management software: VE-manager and a load balancer: VE-Balancer; at the same time a front-end portal is implemented which is taking advantage of the web technology. All these modules are used to build a prototype system of compound desktop virtualization: VE-Desktop.
桌面虚拟化与传统桌面环境相比,最主要的优势是可以集中化管理和交付,有效降低IT成本,提升信息安全;同时用户在任何地方都可拥有相同且个性化的计算环境,有效提高移动性。
一般的桌面虚拟化大多以服务器虚拟化(即虚拟机技术)为基础,存在操作系统单一,扩展性差或者资源利用低的缺点。本文提出了一种融合虚拟机、远程桌面、云计算相关技术的复合桌面虚拟化技术,该桌面虚拟化有如下特点:1.对不同操作系统平台的应用进行融合,整合在一个统一的桌面环境下。2.应用程序被封装成虚拟机模板,使用SaaS技术,对版权进行有效的管理和控制。3.只传输应用程序相关界面,减少网络传输。4.远程桌面与虚拟化技术相结合,提高虚拟资源利用率
为了验证该桌面虚拟化机制的有效性,我们以Xen、RDP/RFB为基础,实现了一个后端虚拟机集群管理软件VE-manager及负载平衡器VE-Balancer,同时利用web技术实现了一个前端portal,最终利用这些模块搭建了一个复合桌面虚拟化的原型系统VE-Desktop。
Along With the increasing maturity of virtualization technology and its broad prospect, virtualization has become a research hotspot. Virtualization in general can be divided into server virtualization, network virtualization, storage virtualization and desktop virtualization. The first three kinds of virtualization, especially server virtualization, has been widely deployed in the IT Infrastructure, but with the extension of Virtualization technology to desktop computing field, desktop virtualization technology is also gaining attention recently.
Compared with the traditional desktop environment, Desktop virtualization has follow key advantage: centralized management and delivery reduce the IT costs effectively and improve information security; at the same time, users can access the same and personalized computing environment everywhere, effectively improve the mobility.
Most of the desktop virtualization solution is based on server virtualization (i.e. virtual machine technology). Poor extensibility and low level of resource utilization are the general shortcoming of most the desktop virtualization solution. This paper presents a compound desktop virtualization solution with involved virtual machine, remote desktop and cloud computing technologies. Our desktop virtualization has the following characteristics: 1. The applications from different platforms are integrated into a single desktop environment. 2. All the applications are packed into virtual machine templates, using SaaS technology, so the copyright can be effectively protected. 3. Only the related interface of certain applications is transferred, so reduce the network transmission. 4. Combined the technology of Remote Desktop and Virtual machine, our solution can enhance resource utility.
In order to verify our desktop virtualization solution, we implement virtualized cluster management software: VE-manager and a load balancer: VE-Balancer; at the same time a front-end portal is implemented which is taking advantage of the web technology. All these modules are used to build a prototype system of compound desktop virtualization: VE-Desktop.
引文
[1] R. P. Goldberg. Survey of Virtual Machine Research. IEEE Computer, pages 34--45, June 1974.
[2] Wikipedia. Virtualization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization
[3] VMware. Understanding full virtualization, paravirtualization, and hardware assist; http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware_paravirtualization.pdf.
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[7] Zhigang Wang, Chuliang Weng, Yu Wang, Minglu Li. A Resource Management Mechanism and Its Implementation for Virtual Machines. Systems and Virtualization Management. Standards and New Technologies. pages 113-118. 2008
[8] Chuliang Weng, Minglu Li, Zhigang Wang, Xinda Lu. Automatic Performance Tuning for the Virtualized Cluster System. Proceedings of the 2009 29th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Jun. 2009 and Virtualization Management. Standards and New Technologies. pages 113-118. 2008
[9] Bugnion, E., Devine, S., Govil, K., Rosenblum, M. 1997. Disco: Running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 15(4): 412-447.
[10] Intel Staff. Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manuals. Intel, May 2007.
[11] Robin, J.S. and C.E. Irvine. Analysis of the Intel Pentium's Ability to Support a Secure Virtual Machine Monitor. In 9th USENIX Security Symposium. 14-17 August 2000, Denver, CO: USENIX, the Advanced Computing Systems Association. Pages 129 - 144.
[12] A. Whitaker, M. Shaw, and S. Gribble. Denali: Lightweight virtual machines for distributed and networked applications. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, October 2002.
[13] Carl A. Waldsburger. Memory resource management in VMware ESX Server. In Proc. of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Boston, MA, December 9-11 2002.
[14] M. Rosenblum and T. Garfinkel. Virtual Machine Monitors: Current Technology and Future Trends. IEEE Computer, 38(5):39--47, 2005.
[15] B. Cumberland, K. Schauser, and M. Munke. Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition: Technical Reference. Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA, Aug. 1999.
[16] R. W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. X Window System. Digital Press, third edition, 1992.
[17] Grant Wallace, Kai Li,Jun. Virtually shared displays and user input devices. 2007 USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference
[18] libvirt, Available: http://libvirt.org/.
[19] UserLand Software, Inc.: XML-RPC, Available: http://www.xmlrpc.com/.
[20] Stephen T. Jones, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau and Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau. Antfarm: Tracking Processes in a Virtual Machine Environment. 2006 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX '06) Boston, MA, June 2006
[21] Stephen T. Jones. Implicit Operating System Awareness in a Virtual Machine Monitor. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2007
[22] Yuting Zhang, Azer Bestavros, Mina Guirguis, Ibrahim Matta, Richard West. Friendly Virtual Machines: Leveraging a Feedback-Control Model for Application Adaptation. VEE’05
[23] Amir Y., Awerbuch B., Barak A., Borgstrom R.S. and Keren A. An Opportunity Cost Approach for Job Assignment in a Scalable Computing Cluster. IEEE Tran. Parallel and Distributed Systems (11) 7, pp. 760-768, July 2000.
[24] C. Clark, K. Fraser, S. Hand, J. G. Hansen, E. Jul, C. Limpach, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield. Live migration of virtual machines. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), pages 273--286, Boston, MA, May 2005.
[25] VMware, Inc. VMware VMotion and CPU Compatibility. http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vmotion_info_guide.pdf. 2008
[26] R. Bradford, E. Kotsovinos, A. Feldmann, and H. Schioberg. Live wide-area migration of virtual machines including local persistent state. In VEE '07: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Virtual execution environments, pages 169--179, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM.
[27] F. Travostino, P. Daspit, L. Gommans, C. Jog, C. de Laat, J. Mambretti, I. Monga, B. van Oudenaarde, S. Raghunath, and P. Wang, Seamless Live Migration of Virtual Machines Over the MAN/WAN, Future Generations Computer Systems, Vol.22, No.8, October 2006
[28] Nelson, M., Lim, B.-H., and Hutchins, G. Fast transparent migration for virtual machines. In Usenix, Anaheim, CA (2005), pp. 25--25.
[29] P. Liu, Z. Yang, X. Song, Y. Zhou, H. Chen, and B. Zang. Heterogeneous live migration of virtual machines. Technical report, Parallel Processing Institute, Fudan University.
[30]. Jinesh Varia. Cloud Architectures. http://jineshvaria.s3.amazonaws.com/public/cloudarchitectures-varia.pdf
[31] Open-iSCSI team, http://www.open-iscsi.org/
[32] Baratto, R. A., Potter, S., Su, G., and Nieh, J. MobiDesk: Mobile virtual desktop computing. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Philadelphia, PA, Sept/Oct 2004), pp. 1--16.
[33] Karissa Miller and Mahmoud Pegah. Virtualization, Virtually at the Desktop. Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services. October 7-10, 2007, Olando, Florida, USA.
[34] Xiaofei Liao, Xianjie Xiong, Hai Jin and Liting Hu. LVD: A Lightweight Virtual Desktop Management Architecture. Systems and Virtualization Management. Standards and New Technologies Second International Workshop, SVM 2008 Munich, Germany, October, 21-22, 2008 Proceedings
[35] Hai Jin. Desktop Virtualization: Techniques and Applications. Pervasive Computing and Applications, 2008. ICPCA 2008. Third International Conference.
[36] Calder, B., Chien, A.A., Wang, J. and Yang, D., The entropia virtual machine for Desktop Grids. In: VEE '05: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA. pp. 186-196.
[2] Wikipedia. Virtualization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization
[3] VMware. Understanding full virtualization, paravirtualization, and hardware assist; http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware_paravirtualization.pdf.
[4] Barham, P., Dragovic, B., Fraser, K., Hand, S., Harris, T.,Ho, A., Neugebauer, R., Pratt, I., Warfield, A. 2003. Xen and the Art of Virtualization. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles (October).
[5] 5. S. Ghemawat, H. Gobioff, and S.-T. Leung. The Google file system. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '03), Bolton Landing, NY, Oct. 2003. ACM.
[6] Popek, G. J., Goldberg, R. P. 1974. Formal requirements for virtualizable third-generation architectures. Communications of the ACM 17(7): 412-421.
[7] Zhigang Wang, Chuliang Weng, Yu Wang, Minglu Li. A Resource Management Mechanism and Its Implementation for Virtual Machines. Systems and Virtualization Management. Standards and New Technologies. pages 113-118. 2008
[8] Chuliang Weng, Minglu Li, Zhigang Wang, Xinda Lu. Automatic Performance Tuning for the Virtualized Cluster System. Proceedings of the 2009 29th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Jun. 2009 and Virtualization Management. Standards and New Technologies. pages 113-118. 2008
[9] Bugnion, E., Devine, S., Govil, K., Rosenblum, M. 1997. Disco: Running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 15(4): 412-447.
[10] Intel Staff. Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manuals. Intel, May 2007.
[11] Robin, J.S. and C.E. Irvine. Analysis of the Intel Pentium's Ability to Support a Secure Virtual Machine Monitor. In 9th USENIX Security Symposium. 14-17 August 2000, Denver, CO: USENIX, the Advanced Computing Systems Association. Pages 129 - 144.
[12] A. Whitaker, M. Shaw, and S. Gribble. Denali: Lightweight virtual machines for distributed and networked applications. In Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference, October 2002.
[13] Carl A. Waldsburger. Memory resource management in VMware ESX Server. In Proc. of the 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Boston, MA, December 9-11 2002.
[14] M. Rosenblum and T. Garfinkel. Virtual Machine Monitors: Current Technology and Future Trends. IEEE Computer, 38(5):39--47, 2005.
[15] B. Cumberland, K. Schauser, and M. Munke. Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition: Technical Reference. Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA, Aug. 1999.
[16] R. W. Scheifler and J. Gettys. X Window System. Digital Press, third edition, 1992.
[17] Grant Wallace, Kai Li,Jun. Virtually shared displays and user input devices. 2007 USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference
[18] libvirt, Available: http://libvirt.org/.
[19] UserLand Software, Inc.: XML-RPC, Available: http://www.xmlrpc.com/.
[20] Stephen T. Jones, Andrea C. Arpaci-Dusseau and Remzi Arpaci-Dusseau. Antfarm: Tracking Processes in a Virtual Machine Environment. 2006 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX '06) Boston, MA, June 2006
[21] Stephen T. Jones. Implicit Operating System Awareness in a Virtual Machine Monitor. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2007
[22] Yuting Zhang, Azer Bestavros, Mina Guirguis, Ibrahim Matta, Richard West. Friendly Virtual Machines: Leveraging a Feedback-Control Model for Application Adaptation. VEE’05
[23] Amir Y., Awerbuch B., Barak A., Borgstrom R.S. and Keren A. An Opportunity Cost Approach for Job Assignment in a Scalable Computing Cluster. IEEE Tran. Parallel and Distributed Systems (11) 7, pp. 760-768, July 2000.
[24] C. Clark, K. Fraser, S. Hand, J. G. Hansen, E. Jul, C. Limpach, I. Pratt, and A. Warfield. Live migration of virtual machines. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), pages 273--286, Boston, MA, May 2005.
[25] VMware, Inc. VMware VMotion and CPU Compatibility. http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/vmotion_info_guide.pdf. 2008
[26] R. Bradford, E. Kotsovinos, A. Feldmann, and H. Schioberg. Live wide-area migration of virtual machines including local persistent state. In VEE '07: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Virtual execution environments, pages 169--179, New York, NY, USA, 2007. ACM.
[27] F. Travostino, P. Daspit, L. Gommans, C. Jog, C. de Laat, J. Mambretti, I. Monga, B. van Oudenaarde, S. Raghunath, and P. Wang, Seamless Live Migration of Virtual Machines Over the MAN/WAN, Future Generations Computer Systems, Vol.22, No.8, October 2006
[28] Nelson, M., Lim, B.-H., and Hutchins, G. Fast transparent migration for virtual machines. In Usenix, Anaheim, CA (2005), pp. 25--25.
[29] P. Liu, Z. Yang, X. Song, Y. Zhou, H. Chen, and B. Zang. Heterogeneous live migration of virtual machines. Technical report, Parallel Processing Institute, Fudan University.
[30]. Jinesh Varia. Cloud Architectures. http://jineshvaria.s3.amazonaws.com/public/cloudarchitectures-varia.pdf
[31] Open-iSCSI team, http://www.open-iscsi.org/
[32] Baratto, R. A., Potter, S., Su, G., and Nieh, J. MobiDesk: Mobile virtual desktop computing. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (Philadelphia, PA, Sept/Oct 2004), pp. 1--16.
[33] Karissa Miller and Mahmoud Pegah. Virtualization, Virtually at the Desktop. Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference on User services. October 7-10, 2007, Olando, Florida, USA.
[34] Xiaofei Liao, Xianjie Xiong, Hai Jin and Liting Hu. LVD: A Lightweight Virtual Desktop Management Architecture. Systems and Virtualization Management. Standards and New Technologies Second International Workshop, SVM 2008 Munich, Germany, October, 21-22, 2008 Proceedings
[35] Hai Jin. Desktop Virtualization: Techniques and Applications. Pervasive Computing and Applications, 2008. ICPCA 2008. Third International Conference.
[36] Calder, B., Chien, A.A., Wang, J. and Yang, D., The entropia virtual machine for Desktop Grids. In: VEE '05: Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA. pp. 186-196.