人参花挥发油的质谱研究
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摘要
人参花蕾系采集五加科(Araliaceae)植物人参(Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer )生长4年以上的花蕾,人参生于以红松为主的针阔混交林或杂木下,分布于中国、朝鲜、俄罗斯境内。我国人参的野生及栽培地区主要覆盖于吉林、辽宁、黑龙江及河北北部的山地。研究表明,人参挥发油主要成分有倍半萜烯类、脂肪族、芳香族及杂环类,具有消炎、镇咳、抗疲劳,抗肿瘤的作用。关于人参花的挥发性成分研究国内外的研究较少,国内报道基本见于20世纪90年代初,由于实验条件限制,对人参花的挥发性成分的研究还不够全面,所以有必要利用现代技术对其进行深入的研究。
本文结合了传统的水蒸汽蒸馏法和现代的超临界CO2萃取的方法对人参花的挥发油的进行了工艺的优化,通过单因素考察确定水蒸汽法提取人参花的最佳工艺是:粉碎粒度为过10目筛,料液比为1:8,提取时间为8小时,回收率为0.184%;通过正交试验得出超临界CO2萃取法最佳条件为萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间2 h,回收率为2.15%。
首次采用GC-MS对超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)萃取人参花中的挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定,结合分析传统方法水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)法提取的挥发油,将二者的成分进行了比较。两种方法分别鉴定了67种和20种成分,分别占挥发油总流出物峰面积的89.67 %及61.84 %。人参花水蒸汽法提取人参花挥发油中组分中含量超过1%的共有11个,全部为萜类;SFE法提取人参花挥发油流出物中,含量在1%以上的有9个化合物。
运用酸催化法结合GC—MS分析并鉴定出人参花中含有13种脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸、十四甲基-十五酸、亚麻酸,棕榈酸。实验结果表明人参花中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸。鉴定出的不饱和脂肪酸有3种,分别为亚油酸,亚麻酸,十六碳三烯酸。不饱和脂肪酸总含量达到总流出物峰面积的58.62%。
首次采用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用技术对人参花中的挥发性成分进行分析,实验优化了分析人参花挥发性成分的条件为样品在70℃下平衡30 min后,用65μm聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯基苯( PDMS-DVB )纤维头对人参花样品顶空吸附45 min,于250℃下解吸5 min,然后采用GC-MS对解吸物进行分离鉴定,共鉴定出38种成分,相对含量在1%以上的共有8种,与SD提取的人参花挥发油成分相同的组分有23种,两种方法提取的主要成分基本一致,通过对SPME的方法准确性和精密度的检验,证明了该方法稳定可靠,一定程度上可以取代SD法进行快速的定性和半定量分析。
采用静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱法(SHS-GC-MS )分离鉴定了人参花中的挥发性成分,实验中优化了SHS的萃取条件,在80℃下平衡40min后用锁式气体针精密抽取10ml人参花粉末顶空的空气,用GC-MS进行分离鉴定,共鉴定其出18种挥发性成分,占色谱总流出物面积的50.3%。
综合鉴定出的SD、SFE、SPME和HS四种提取方法提取的人参花挥发油成分共计103种,与已报道的文献比对,首次从人参挥发油中检测出的化合物共计58种。
利用现代质谱技术与代谢组学相的方法,筛选出人参挥发油引起的大鼠尿液中显著性变化的3种生物标记物,分别为C16 H34 N4 O3,C14 H32 N6 O5,C38 H74 N10 O17。这些热证标记物的发现对寻找人参导致“上火”的热证的原因起到重要的作用。
通过对超临界CO2萃取法所提取人参花挥发油,进行抗氧化活性实验得出,人参花挥发油具有一定的清除自由基的能力,样品浓度在1mg/ml~1.8ml/ml范围内,抗氧化剂浓度与DPPH清除率之间基本呈线性关系,本实验数据为进一步摸清人参花活性部位及开发利用该资源奠定了基础。
Ginseng flower bud is the flower bud of Araliaceae (Araliaceae) plant ginseng (Panax Ginseng CA Meyer),which is growing more than 4 years, The ginseng mainly grows in conifer and broadleaf mixed forest or weed-tree which dominated by Korean pine, Distributed in China, Korea, Russia. In China, wild areas and cultivation area of Ginseng include Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Hebei northern mountainous region.
The research show that the main ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng are sesquiterpenes, aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, It has anti-inflammatory, antitussive, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor effect. The research on the main ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud is few between domestic and foreign research, domestic reports are earlier, Most reports found in the early 90s of the 20th century, but have not been reported recently. Some literature have carried on the comparison to the different parts of the volatile components of ginseng, conclusion is that the volatile components of each part of ginseng varied, so it can not replace each other, Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the thorough research to it.
This paper has carried on to the extraction process optimization of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud combining the traditional steam distillation and the modern supercritical CO2 extract method, Through single factor inspection,to determine the best technology to extract ginseng flower bud is steam distillation, the smashing granularity has sieved for 10 items, ratio of material to liquid is 1:8, the extraction time is 8 hours, the returns-ratio is 0.184%; Through orthogonal test, obtained the best conditions by supercritical CO2 extraction method is extract pressure is 30MPa, the extract temperature is 50℃, extract time is 2 h, the returns-ratio is 2.15%.
For the first time using GC-MS to analyze and identify the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud which is extracted by supercritical CO2 method, And steam distillation (SD) extraction of ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud are analyzed together, of the two components were compared. Two different methods identified 67 kinds and 20 kinds of components, accounting for total volatile oil of 89.67% and 61.84%. Ginseng Flower steam extraction of essential oil components containing above 1% is eleven, all of them are terpenes; SFE extraction of ginseng flower essential oil effluent, the content above 1% is nine.
Combined with acid catalysis method GC-MS to analyze and identify 13 kinds of fatty acids existed in ginseng flower bud, mainly is linoleic acid, 14-methyl pentadecanoicacid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid. The results show that ginseng flower bud is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids of the oil is up to 58.62%
For the first time using HS-SPME-GC-MS coupling technique to analyze the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, the experiment optimized the analysis condition on the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, condition is that the sample at 70℃after 30 m in equilibrium, with 65μm polydimethylsiloxane - divinyl benzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber head to headspace adsorb the ginseng flower bud sample 45 min, to desorb at 250℃for 5 min, Then use GC-MS to Separate and identify the desorptionsubstance, 38 kinds of components were identified, the content above 1% is eight, compare to SD method, there are 23 kinds of components are the same, main components are basically the same using two extraction methods, examine accuracy and precision of the SPME method, The method proved reliable, To a certain extent, it can replace the SD method for rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis.
Using static headspace - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) to identify the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, in the experiment optimized the SHS extract condition, at 70℃after 30 m in equilibrium, precisely extract the 10ml headspace air of Ginseng flower powder using lock gas needle, Using GC-MS to isolate and identify, identify 18 kinds of volatile components, the total area of chromatographic effluent accounted for 50.3%.
The SD, SFE, SPME and HS extraction method totally identified 103 kinds of components in the volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, compared with the reported literature, For the first time detected a total of 59 components in the volatile oil of ginseng flower.
Three biomarkers were screened by using a modern mass spectrometry and metabolomics in the of ginseng volatile oil, they are C16 H34 N4 O3,C14 H32 N6 O5,C38 H74 N10 O17
Ginseng flower essential oil has some antioxidant activity, which was extrated by SFE-CO2, the concertration is between 1mg/ml~1.8ml/ml, DPPH antioxidant concentration and clearance rate are linearity related. Development and utilization of the resource basis were assisted by the experiment data.
本文结合了传统的水蒸汽蒸馏法和现代的超临界CO2萃取的方法对人参花的挥发油的进行了工艺的优化,通过单因素考察确定水蒸汽法提取人参花的最佳工艺是:粉碎粒度为过10目筛,料液比为1:8,提取时间为8小时,回收率为0.184%;通过正交试验得出超临界CO2萃取法最佳条件为萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间2 h,回收率为2.15%。
首次采用GC-MS对超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)萃取人参花中的挥发性成分进行了分析鉴定,结合分析传统方法水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)法提取的挥发油,将二者的成分进行了比较。两种方法分别鉴定了67种和20种成分,分别占挥发油总流出物峰面积的89.67 %及61.84 %。人参花水蒸汽法提取人参花挥发油中组分中含量超过1%的共有11个,全部为萜类;SFE法提取人参花挥发油流出物中,含量在1%以上的有9个化合物。
运用酸催化法结合GC—MS分析并鉴定出人参花中含有13种脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸、十四甲基-十五酸、亚麻酸,棕榈酸。实验结果表明人参花中含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸。鉴定出的不饱和脂肪酸有3种,分别为亚油酸,亚麻酸,十六碳三烯酸。不饱和脂肪酸总含量达到总流出物峰面积的58.62%。
首次采用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用技术对人参花中的挥发性成分进行分析,实验优化了分析人参花挥发性成分的条件为样品在70℃下平衡30 min后,用65μm聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯基苯( PDMS-DVB )纤维头对人参花样品顶空吸附45 min,于250℃下解吸5 min,然后采用GC-MS对解吸物进行分离鉴定,共鉴定出38种成分,相对含量在1%以上的共有8种,与SD提取的人参花挥发油成分相同的组分有23种,两种方法提取的主要成分基本一致,通过对SPME的方法准确性和精密度的检验,证明了该方法稳定可靠,一定程度上可以取代SD法进行快速的定性和半定量分析。
采用静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱法(SHS-GC-MS )分离鉴定了人参花中的挥发性成分,实验中优化了SHS的萃取条件,在80℃下平衡40min后用锁式气体针精密抽取10ml人参花粉末顶空的空气,用GC-MS进行分离鉴定,共鉴定其出18种挥发性成分,占色谱总流出物面积的50.3%。
综合鉴定出的SD、SFE、SPME和HS四种提取方法提取的人参花挥发油成分共计103种,与已报道的文献比对,首次从人参挥发油中检测出的化合物共计58种。
利用现代质谱技术与代谢组学相的方法,筛选出人参挥发油引起的大鼠尿液中显著性变化的3种生物标记物,分别为C16 H34 N4 O3,C14 H32 N6 O5,C38 H74 N10 O17。这些热证标记物的发现对寻找人参导致“上火”的热证的原因起到重要的作用。
通过对超临界CO2萃取法所提取人参花挥发油,进行抗氧化活性实验得出,人参花挥发油具有一定的清除自由基的能力,样品浓度在1mg/ml~1.8ml/ml范围内,抗氧化剂浓度与DPPH清除率之间基本呈线性关系,本实验数据为进一步摸清人参花活性部位及开发利用该资源奠定了基础。
Ginseng flower bud is the flower bud of Araliaceae (Araliaceae) plant ginseng (Panax Ginseng CA Meyer),which is growing more than 4 years, The ginseng mainly grows in conifer and broadleaf mixed forest or weed-tree which dominated by Korean pine, Distributed in China, Korea, Russia. In China, wild areas and cultivation area of Ginseng include Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and Hebei northern mountainous region.
The research show that the main ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng are sesquiterpenes, aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, It has anti-inflammatory, antitussive, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor effect. The research on the main ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud is few between domestic and foreign research, domestic reports are earlier, Most reports found in the early 90s of the 20th century, but have not been reported recently. Some literature have carried on the comparison to the different parts of the volatile components of ginseng, conclusion is that the volatile components of each part of ginseng varied, so it can not replace each other, Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the thorough research to it.
This paper has carried on to the extraction process optimization of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud combining the traditional steam distillation and the modern supercritical CO2 extract method, Through single factor inspection,to determine the best technology to extract ginseng flower bud is steam distillation, the smashing granularity has sieved for 10 items, ratio of material to liquid is 1:8, the extraction time is 8 hours, the returns-ratio is 0.184%; Through orthogonal test, obtained the best conditions by supercritical CO2 extraction method is extract pressure is 30MPa, the extract temperature is 50℃, extract time is 2 h, the returns-ratio is 2.15%.
For the first time using GC-MS to analyze and identify the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud which is extracted by supercritical CO2 method, And steam distillation (SD) extraction of ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud are analyzed together, of the two components were compared. Two different methods identified 67 kinds and 20 kinds of components, accounting for total volatile oil of 89.67% and 61.84%. Ginseng Flower steam extraction of essential oil components containing above 1% is eleven, all of them are terpenes; SFE extraction of ginseng flower essential oil effluent, the content above 1% is nine.
Combined with acid catalysis method GC-MS to analyze and identify 13 kinds of fatty acids existed in ginseng flower bud, mainly is linoleic acid, 14-methyl pentadecanoicacid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid. The results show that ginseng flower bud is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids of the oil is up to 58.62%
For the first time using HS-SPME-GC-MS coupling technique to analyze the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, the experiment optimized the analysis condition on the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, condition is that the sample at 70℃after 30 m in equilibrium, with 65μm polydimethylsiloxane - divinyl benzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber head to headspace adsorb the ginseng flower bud sample 45 min, to desorb at 250℃for 5 min, Then use GC-MS to Separate and identify the desorptionsubstance, 38 kinds of components were identified, the content above 1% is eight, compare to SD method, there are 23 kinds of components are the same, main components are basically the same using two extraction methods, examine accuracy and precision of the SPME method, The method proved reliable, To a certain extent, it can replace the SD method for rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis.
Using static headspace - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS) to identify the ingredients of volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, in the experiment optimized the SHS extract condition, at 70℃after 30 m in equilibrium, precisely extract the 10ml headspace air of Ginseng flower powder using lock gas needle, Using GC-MS to isolate and identify, identify 18 kinds of volatile components, the total area of chromatographic effluent accounted for 50.3%.
The SD, SFE, SPME and HS extraction method totally identified 103 kinds of components in the volatile oil of ginseng flower bud, compared with the reported literature, For the first time detected a total of 59 components in the volatile oil of ginseng flower.
Three biomarkers were screened by using a modern mass spectrometry and metabolomics in the of ginseng volatile oil, they are C16 H34 N4 O3,C14 H32 N6 O5,C38 H74 N10 O17
Ginseng flower essential oil has some antioxidant activity, which was extrated by SFE-CO2, the concertration is between 1mg/ml~1.8ml/ml, DPPH antioxidant concentration and clearance rate are linearity related. Development and utilization of the resource basis were assisted by the experiment data.
引文
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