基于视频图像的人脸特征点定位技术研究
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摘要
人脸特征点定位技术是人脸分析技术的关键,它被广泛应用于人脸识别、三维人脸建模、人脸动画等领域。但是由于光照、姿态、面部表情的变化以及眼镜、胡须等遮挡物的干扰,增加了人们对特征点精确定位的难度。本文主要针对的是左右转动的人脸视频序列研究鲁棒的人脸特征点定位算法,主要的研究工作及创新点如下:
1)在分析人脸面部主要器官分布规律的基础上,参照MPEG-4标准中人脸定义参数FDP的人脸特征点分布,选取了本文使用的人脸特征点,同时根据人脸特征点对后续应用的重要性以及特征点定位的难易程度将选取的特征点进行了分类。
2)通过对ASM模型的初始位置以及人脸特征点的局部搜索策略进行改进,提出了采用叠加的ASM模型以及二维轮廓线进行局部特征点搜索的算法。用于人脸视频序列第一帧接近正面人脸特征点的定位,该帧定位的准确性直接影响到后续视频人脸特征点的跟踪。
3)提出按人脸姿态的不同,采用不同的策略跟踪视频人脸特征点。对于小姿态的人脸采用仿射矫正的光流跟踪方法,而对于中/大姿态的人脸则通过分区域,计算跟踪准确的人脸特征点的偏移量矫正光流跟踪方法。对于难跟踪的人脸外轮廓点,本文提出采用把人脸图像转换到HSV色彩空间,利用Sobel变换提取人脸轮廓的方法定位人脸外轮廓上的特征点。
4)作为对视频序列人脸特征点定位的一个应用,本文根据视频序列中定位出来的人脸两内眼角点和鼻尖点估计出人脸姿态。最后,本文以VisualC++6.0以及OpenCV1.0为开发平台,实现了视频人脸序列特征点的定位并估计人脸姿态。
Facial feature points location is the key to face analysis techniques, it is widely used in face recognition, 3D face modeling and facial animation etc. However, it is very hard to locate facial feature points precisely due to the changes of light, gesture and facial expression and the occlusions of glasses and beard. In this dissertation, robust facial feature points location algorithm is studied to turning left and right human video sequence. The main points of research and innovation are as follows:
1) The facial feature points are selected according to MPEG-4 facial definition parameters ( FDP) in the analysis of the major organs of human face. And the selected facial feature points are classified by the importance of follow-up applications and the ease of locating feature points.
2) The stack ASM and two-dimensional contour lines of searching local feature points are introduced by improving the initial position of ASM and the searching strategies of local facial feature points. This method is used to locate the first frame facial feature points of video sequences which directly affects the positioning accuracy of the follow-up video facial feature points tracking.
3) Different strategies to track the video facial feature points to the different facial gestures are proposed. Affine-corrected optical flow tracking method is used for small gestures of human face. Offset correction of the optical flow tracking method through the sub-region, calculating accurate points tracking for medium / large gestures of face. The human face images are converted to the HSV color space, using Sobel transform to extract the face contour is used to locate facial feature points on the outer contour.
4) The face gestures are estimated according to the inside corner of the eye points and the tip of nose as an application of facial feature point location by video sequences. Finally, the facial feature points location of the video sequence and estimation of face gestures have been implemented by Visual C++6.0 and OpenCV1.0.
1)在分析人脸面部主要器官分布规律的基础上,参照MPEG-4标准中人脸定义参数FDP的人脸特征点分布,选取了本文使用的人脸特征点,同时根据人脸特征点对后续应用的重要性以及特征点定位的难易程度将选取的特征点进行了分类。
2)通过对ASM模型的初始位置以及人脸特征点的局部搜索策略进行改进,提出了采用叠加的ASM模型以及二维轮廓线进行局部特征点搜索的算法。用于人脸视频序列第一帧接近正面人脸特征点的定位,该帧定位的准确性直接影响到后续视频人脸特征点的跟踪。
3)提出按人脸姿态的不同,采用不同的策略跟踪视频人脸特征点。对于小姿态的人脸采用仿射矫正的光流跟踪方法,而对于中/大姿态的人脸则通过分区域,计算跟踪准确的人脸特征点的偏移量矫正光流跟踪方法。对于难跟踪的人脸外轮廓点,本文提出采用把人脸图像转换到HSV色彩空间,利用Sobel变换提取人脸轮廓的方法定位人脸外轮廓上的特征点。
4)作为对视频序列人脸特征点定位的一个应用,本文根据视频序列中定位出来的人脸两内眼角点和鼻尖点估计出人脸姿态。最后,本文以VisualC++6.0以及OpenCV1.0为开发平台,实现了视频人脸序列特征点的定位并估计人脸姿态。
Facial feature points location is the key to face analysis techniques, it is widely used in face recognition, 3D face modeling and facial animation etc. However, it is very hard to locate facial feature points precisely due to the changes of light, gesture and facial expression and the occlusions of glasses and beard. In this dissertation, robust facial feature points location algorithm is studied to turning left and right human video sequence. The main points of research and innovation are as follows:
1) The facial feature points are selected according to MPEG-4 facial definition parameters ( FDP) in the analysis of the major organs of human face. And the selected facial feature points are classified by the importance of follow-up applications and the ease of locating feature points.
2) The stack ASM and two-dimensional contour lines of searching local feature points are introduced by improving the initial position of ASM and the searching strategies of local facial feature points. This method is used to locate the first frame facial feature points of video sequences which directly affects the positioning accuracy of the follow-up video facial feature points tracking.
3) Different strategies to track the video facial feature points to the different facial gestures are proposed. Affine-corrected optical flow tracking method is used for small gestures of human face. Offset correction of the optical flow tracking method through the sub-region, calculating accurate points tracking for medium / large gestures of face. The human face images are converted to the HSV color space, using Sobel transform to extract the face contour is used to locate facial feature points on the outer contour.
4) The face gestures are estimated according to the inside corner of the eye points and the tip of nose as an application of facial feature point location by video sequences. Finally, the facial feature points location of the video sequence and estimation of face gestures have been implemented by Visual C++6.0 and OpenCV1.0.
引文
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[3]林维训,潘纲,吴朝晖,潘云鹤.脸部特征定位方法综述.中国图象图形学报,2003,8(8):849-859.
[4] Guangzheng Yang,Thomas S Huang.Human face detection in a complex background. Pattern Recognition,1994,27(1):53-63.
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[6] Liming Zhang,Lenders.P.Knowledge-based eye detection for human face recognition, In: Proceedings of Knowledge-based Intelligent Engineering Systems and Alied Technologies, 2000(1):117-120.
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[19] Xinwen Hou,Stan Z.Li,Hongjiang Zhang,Qiansheng Cheng. Direct appearance models.In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,2001: 828-833.
[20] Shuicheng Yan ,Ce Liu ,Stan Z.Li,Hongjiang Zhang, Heungyeung Shum , Qiansheng Cheng. Face alignment using texture-constrained active shape models.Image and Vision Computing,2003,21(1): 69-75.
[21] Yi Zhou,Lie Gu,Hongjiang Zhang.Bayesian tangent shape model: estimating shape and pose parameters via Bayesian inference. In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,2003: 109-116.
[22] Feng Jiao, Stan Li, Heung-Yeung Shum,Dale Schuurmans. Face alignment using statistical models and wavelet feature.In: Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003: 321-327.
[23] Fei Zuo, De W, Peter H.Fast facial feature extraction using a deformable shape model with Haar-wavelet based local texture attributes.In: Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing,2004: 1425-1428.
[24] Milborrow S, Nicolls F. Locating Facial Features with an Extended Active Shape Model, In:Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision,2008.
[25] Ran He,Zhen Lei,Xiaotong Yuan,Stan Z.Li.Regularized Active Shape Model for Shape Alignment.In:IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and GestureRecognition.2008, 17-19.
[26] Stephen J.MaKenna,Shaogang Gong,Rolf P.Wurtz.etc. Tracking facial feature points with Gabor wavelets and Shape models.In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Audio and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, 1997,1206:35-42.
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[28] Carlo Tomasi, Takeo Kanade.Detection and Tracking of Point Features. Technical Report CMU-CS-91-132,1991.
[29] Fabrice Bourel,Claude C.Chibelushi,Adrian A.Low.Robust Facial Feature Tacking. In: Proceeding of the 11th British Machine Vision Conference,Bristol, UK,2000,1:232-241.
[30]赵明华.人脸检测和识别技术的研究(博士学位论文),四川大学博士学位论文,2006.
[31] G.Yang,T.S.Huang.Human Face Detection in Complex Background. Pattern Recognition, 1994,27(1):53-63.
[32] C.H.Lee,J.S.Kim,K.H.Park.Automatic human face location in a complex background using motion and color information, Pattern Recognition,1996, 29(11) :1877-1899.
[33] M.Turk,A.Pentland.Eigenfaces for Recognition.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1991, 3(1):71-86
[34] H.A.Rowley.Neural network-based face detection.Ph.D. Carnegie Mellon University, 1999.
[35] H.A.Rowley,S.Baluja,T.Kanada.Rotation Invariant Neural Network-Based Face Detection. In:Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,1998: 38-44.
[36] E.Osuna,R.Freund,F.Girosi.Training Support Vector Machines:an Application to Face Detection.In:Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,1997:130-136.
[37]马勇,丁小青.基于层次型支持向量机的人脸检测.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(1):35-38.
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