火电厂锅炉燃烧系统仿真研究
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摘要
随着世界经济发展,煤炭资源利用日益紧张,改善与提高当前燃烧控制系统的控制能力对于提高锅炉热效率、节省能源以及提高电厂经济效益等方面具有重要的实际意义。由于火电厂锅炉结构复杂、热容量大、汽压控制对象具有较大的迟延和惯性特性,加上燃料流量准确测量的困难性,以及现用燃料的品质多变性,火电厂目前应用的汽压控制系统很难及时有效地克服燃料内扰,难以确保燃烧过程的稳定性、负荷适应性,影响系统的安全性和运行的经济性。
本文首先分析了锅炉燃烧系统的组成结构及其调节方式,之后重点进行了机组的动态特性和迟延特性分析,考察了负荷变化特性和汽压变化特性。针对原有控制系统中反馈信号的不足,提出引入一个能够更加直接地反映燃料量或者燃烧品质改变的辐射能信号进行快速补偿,以优化燃烧控制性能。
采用基于辐射能信号的锅炉燃烧调节系统设计思想,通过对常用的几种锅炉燃料控制系统的分析比较,提出的以主蒸汽压力为主调参数、以炉膛总辐射能为副调参数的串级燃烧控制策略。并设计一个参数自调整的模糊PI控制器作为主控制器。该控制器首先通过编写S函数来自动修正量化因子和比例因子,从而改善基本模糊控制器的性能;然后将模糊控制与PI控制相结合,以优化燃烧控制性能;仿真结果表明该方案提高了非线性、大时滞燃烧系统的控制品质。
被控对象在工况发生大范围变化时,数学模型会随之发生很大变化。对此制定了新的控制方案,提出了燃烧控制系统的H∞混合灵敏度设计方法。该控制器通过选择合适的加权函数,利用鲁棒控制工具箱得到鲁棒性强的H∞控制器。为了对比分析原有系统和改进系统的性能,研究中运用MATLAB中的SIMULINK仿真工具对二者进行了仿真实验分析,研究结果表明改进的系统比原有系统能够更好地克服内扰,克服控制对象大迟延、大惯性的特点给燃烧过程控制带来的不利影响,节约了能源,提高了机组的安全性和经济性。
As the world economic is growing, the coal resource utility has been more critical than ever. It is of significance to improve the combustion control system of the power plant for high boiler efficiency and energy reservation as well as economic efficiency, because the boiler has complicated structure, heavy hot capacity and big delay and inertia. In addition, the difficulty of measuring the flow of fuel accurately, and the quality of the fuel is changeable. The vapor pressure control subsystem in use is very difficult to overcome fuel disturbance effectively in time. It is difficult to guarantee the stability of the combustion, influence the security and operation economically.
First of all, the structures that make up the whole control system and their function were studied in this paper. Then the unit dynamic properties and the cunctation were analyzed chiefly, and the load dynamic properties as well as the main steam pressure cunctation were studied. To deal with the limitation of the conventional feedback signal, a radiant energy signal which could reflect the change of the fuel rate or the quality of combustion more directly was proposed to optimize the combustion control system.
An adjusting system of boiler combustion based on the radiant energy is adopted. Through comparison with several traditional control systems of boiler combustion, the combustion control system with the main steam pressure as the primary adjusting parameter and the radiant energy of the furnace chamber as the subsidiary parameter was put forward. A parameter self-regulation fuzzy-PI controller was designed as outer loop. The controller automatically corrected the quantizing factors and proportional factor through compiling S-function to improve the properties of the basic fuzzy controller, then combined fuzzy control with PI control to optimize the control system. Simulation result shows the project is effective to control nonlinear and big-lagged system.
To solve the problem that the mathematic model of the controlled object is not steady when the controlled object changes, a new control plan based on the H∞mixed sensitivity was put forward for combustion H∞control system. By choosing proper weighting function, the robust toolbox was used to obtain the H∞optimal controller In order to compare and analyze the properties between the original system and the improved system, the research analyzed both system in use of the toolbox of SIMULINK of MATLAB, the conclusion expressed the improved system worked better, the improved system can overcome the disturb more better than the original system, decrease the delay and the inertia, the improved can decrease the use of energy in power plant and improve the economy of the plant.
本文首先分析了锅炉燃烧系统的组成结构及其调节方式,之后重点进行了机组的动态特性和迟延特性分析,考察了负荷变化特性和汽压变化特性。针对原有控制系统中反馈信号的不足,提出引入一个能够更加直接地反映燃料量或者燃烧品质改变的辐射能信号进行快速补偿,以优化燃烧控制性能。
采用基于辐射能信号的锅炉燃烧调节系统设计思想,通过对常用的几种锅炉燃料控制系统的分析比较,提出的以主蒸汽压力为主调参数、以炉膛总辐射能为副调参数的串级燃烧控制策略。并设计一个参数自调整的模糊PI控制器作为主控制器。该控制器首先通过编写S函数来自动修正量化因子和比例因子,从而改善基本模糊控制器的性能;然后将模糊控制与PI控制相结合,以优化燃烧控制性能;仿真结果表明该方案提高了非线性、大时滞燃烧系统的控制品质。
被控对象在工况发生大范围变化时,数学模型会随之发生很大变化。对此制定了新的控制方案,提出了燃烧控制系统的H∞混合灵敏度设计方法。该控制器通过选择合适的加权函数,利用鲁棒控制工具箱得到鲁棒性强的H∞控制器。为了对比分析原有系统和改进系统的性能,研究中运用MATLAB中的SIMULINK仿真工具对二者进行了仿真实验分析,研究结果表明改进的系统比原有系统能够更好地克服内扰,克服控制对象大迟延、大惯性的特点给燃烧过程控制带来的不利影响,节约了能源,提高了机组的安全性和经济性。
As the world economic is growing, the coal resource utility has been more critical than ever. It is of significance to improve the combustion control system of the power plant for high boiler efficiency and energy reservation as well as economic efficiency, because the boiler has complicated structure, heavy hot capacity and big delay and inertia. In addition, the difficulty of measuring the flow of fuel accurately, and the quality of the fuel is changeable. The vapor pressure control subsystem in use is very difficult to overcome fuel disturbance effectively in time. It is difficult to guarantee the stability of the combustion, influence the security and operation economically.
First of all, the structures that make up the whole control system and their function were studied in this paper. Then the unit dynamic properties and the cunctation were analyzed chiefly, and the load dynamic properties as well as the main steam pressure cunctation were studied. To deal with the limitation of the conventional feedback signal, a radiant energy signal which could reflect the change of the fuel rate or the quality of combustion more directly was proposed to optimize the combustion control system.
An adjusting system of boiler combustion based on the radiant energy is adopted. Through comparison with several traditional control systems of boiler combustion, the combustion control system with the main steam pressure as the primary adjusting parameter and the radiant energy of the furnace chamber as the subsidiary parameter was put forward. A parameter self-regulation fuzzy-PI controller was designed as outer loop. The controller automatically corrected the quantizing factors and proportional factor through compiling S-function to improve the properties of the basic fuzzy controller, then combined fuzzy control with PI control to optimize the control system. Simulation result shows the project is effective to control nonlinear and big-lagged system.
To solve the problem that the mathematic model of the controlled object is not steady when the controlled object changes, a new control plan based on the H∞mixed sensitivity was put forward for combustion H∞control system. By choosing proper weighting function, the robust toolbox was used to obtain the H∞optimal controller In order to compare and analyze the properties between the original system and the improved system, the research analyzed both system in use of the toolbox of SIMULINK of MATLAB, the conclusion expressed the improved system worked better, the improved system can overcome the disturb more better than the original system, decrease the delay and the inertia, the improved can decrease the use of energy in power plant and improve the economy of the plant.
引文
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[2]周俊霞,边立秀,王丽君.火电厂热工控制系统的现状及展望.电站系统工程.2003,19(5):53～56
[3]刘红波,李少远.火电机组先进智能控制及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
[4]刘丽丽,孙灵芳,付文光.智能控制在火电站锅炉燃烧系统中的应用.自动化与仪表.2008,(4):39～42
[5]周祥龙,赵景波.工业锅炉燃烧系统——基于模糊补偿的预测函数控制.工业仪表与自动化装置. 2004,(4):17～20
[6]刘吉臻,岳俊红,谭文.基于多模型集的主汽温多模型预测控制方法.热能动力工程.2008,23(4):395～398
[7] Zhou Hong-yu,Zhang Jian,Chang Li-min.Elman Network-Based Implicit Generalized Predictive Control of Superheated Steam Temperature.Techniques of Automation&Applications.2007,23(4):47～51
[8]周洪煜,张坚.基于Elman网络的过热汽温隐式广义预测控制.自动化技术与应用. 2003,22(3):13～16
[9]张明光,王鹏,王兆刚.Smith自适应模糊PID控制算法的研究及仿真.甘肃科学学报.2008,20(1):109～111
[10]邹丽,杨献勇.复合控制在过热汽温控制中应用的仿真研究.锅炉技术.2003,34(5):1～4
[11]王广军.基于SMITH预估的神经网络再热汽温控制.计算机仿真.2008,2(51):256～293
[12]王斌,李鹏.Fuzzy自调整PID的smith预估主汽温控制系统.电气技术.2008,(4):45～50
[13]黄曼磊.鲁棒控制理论及应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2006
[14]梅生伟.现在鲁棒控制理论与应用.清华大学出版社.北京.2003
[15]恒庆海,何雨奋.控制系统的鲁棒性能设计与判据.哈尔滨工业大学学报.1996,28(1):48～53
[16]徐志成.一种新型鲁棒PID控制器参数整定方法.电力自动化设备.2006,26(7):22～26
[17] Hewitt G F, Hall A R, Pan L.Designing of Two Level Fuzzy Robust Self-tuning PID Controllers for Superheated Steam Temperature Control.2002,31:68～73
[18]周洪,刘海波.模糊控制在锅炉燃烧系统中的仿真研究.热力发电.2005,9(3):9～11
[19] Jiang Yong-cheng,Xie Yong-sheng.PI-Fuzzy Series Control System of Industrial Boiler Combustion.Microcomputer Information.2005,21(6):39～41
[20] Fang Hong,Yinan.Design of Fuzzy Self-adoptive PID Controller[J].Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition.2004,41(2):43～47
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