绝缘子泄漏电流特性研究
|
摘要
瓷质绝缘子在线检测方法的研究对于提高电力系统的安全可靠性运行具有十分重要的意义。本文基于大量人工污秽试验,详细研究了外施电压下绝缘子泄漏电流与盐密、灰密、温湿度的关系。利用脉冲电流法检测系统对不同绝缘子在不同电压下的脉冲电流特性进行了研究。介绍了脉冲电流法的检测系统的组成,对试品绝缘子的脉冲电流特性进行了研究,实验结果表明:试品绝缘子局放脉冲能量主要出现在工频相位的60o ~120o和240o ~ 300o之间。且随着绝缘子劣化程度的加深脉冲电流的幅值、脉冲个数和产生相位的范围都增大。
实测数据中不可避免的存在高频噪声干扰,基于小波分析理论用matlab编程,通过小波分解和小波重构实现了对实验所获得数据中的高斯白噪声的抑制,使数据更加接近其实际值,为相应的数据处理和分析提供了保障。
绝缘子表面的污秽度和潮湿程度决定了其在外施电压下的泄漏电流的性质,为了研究这种关系,在大量人工雾室实验数据的基础上,考查了绝缘子泄漏电流的谐波分量和相角差φ随表面污秽度、温湿度的变化规律。实验结果表明随着污秽度和相对湿度的增大,泄漏电流中的3次谐波占基波比例有所增加,在干燥污秽情况下,绝缘子呈容抗特性;湿润污秽情况下,绝缘子呈阻抗特性。
The study of on-line detecting method for porcelain insulators is important to improve the safety of the power system.Based on the results of a large numbers of artificial contamination experimentation, the interaction of leakage current (under running voltage) and ESDD, CSDD, RH, temperature is analyzed in detail. In this paper, on-line detection for different insulators based on pulse current method is studied. The constituent parts and the realization of the detecting system are introduced. In laboratory, the partial discharge pulse current characteristics of the composite insulators have been studied. The results indicate that partial discharge pulses mainly occur between 60o ~120o and 240o ~ 300o in power frequency phrase. The amplitude of impulse current, the number of the impulse and the phase scope where occurs increase along with the development of the insulator deterioration.
The laboratory data is inevitably influenced by high-frequency noise. Based on the wavelet theory, the matlab is used to de-noise the Gaussian white noise by wavelet decomposition and wavelet reconstruction, hence the data approaches the actual value. The following data processing and analysis is guaranteed.
The leakage current characteristic under certain voltage is determined by the contamination, relative humidity and temperature. Based on the results of a large numbers of artificial contamination experimentation, the relation between leakage current harmonic component, the phase angle and the surface contamination, relative humidity, temperature is studied. The experiment results state that as the contamination and the RH increases, the ratio of the triple-harmonic in first-harmonic of the leakage current is also rising. The insulator is capacitive reactance in the dry contaminated environment and impedance in the wet contaminated environment.
实测数据中不可避免的存在高频噪声干扰,基于小波分析理论用matlab编程,通过小波分解和小波重构实现了对实验所获得数据中的高斯白噪声的抑制,使数据更加接近其实际值,为相应的数据处理和分析提供了保障。
绝缘子表面的污秽度和潮湿程度决定了其在外施电压下的泄漏电流的性质,为了研究这种关系,在大量人工雾室实验数据的基础上,考查了绝缘子泄漏电流的谐波分量和相角差φ随表面污秽度、温湿度的变化规律。实验结果表明随着污秽度和相对湿度的增大,泄漏电流中的3次谐波占基波比例有所增加,在干燥污秽情况下,绝缘子呈容抗特性;湿润污秽情况下,绝缘子呈阻抗特性。
The study of on-line detecting method for porcelain insulators is important to improve the safety of the power system.Based on the results of a large numbers of artificial contamination experimentation, the interaction of leakage current (under running voltage) and ESDD, CSDD, RH, temperature is analyzed in detail. In this paper, on-line detection for different insulators based on pulse current method is studied. The constituent parts and the realization of the detecting system are introduced. In laboratory, the partial discharge pulse current characteristics of the composite insulators have been studied. The results indicate that partial discharge pulses mainly occur between 60o ~120o and 240o ~ 300o in power frequency phrase. The amplitude of impulse current, the number of the impulse and the phase scope where occurs increase along with the development of the insulator deterioration.
The laboratory data is inevitably influenced by high-frequency noise. Based on the wavelet theory, the matlab is used to de-noise the Gaussian white noise by wavelet decomposition and wavelet reconstruction, hence the data approaches the actual value. The following data processing and analysis is guaranteed.
The leakage current characteristic under certain voltage is determined by the contamination, relative humidity and temperature. Based on the results of a large numbers of artificial contamination experimentation, the relation between leakage current harmonic component, the phase angle and the surface contamination, relative humidity, temperature is studied. The experiment results state that as the contamination and the RH increases, the ratio of the triple-harmonic in first-harmonic of the leakage current is also rising. The insulator is capacitive reactance in the dry contaminated environment and impedance in the wet contaminated environment.
引文
[1]陈涛.基于非接触式的劣化绝缘子检测方法的研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文.2006.4.
[2]石琼.智能型绝缘子分布电压检测研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2008.1.
[3] Yi Hui. Operating Current Situation and Prospect of Insulator for Transmission Line in China[J]. Electrical Equipment,2005,6(3):1-4.
[4] Yan Yu-ting,Wen Xi-shan,Wang Jian-wu,Zhang Hong-yan. A Review about On-line Monitoring the Leakage Current of Insulators[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2005,3:8-11.
[5] Bennoch C J,Judd M D,and Pearson J S. System For On-line monitoring of pollution levels on solid insulators[C]. Record of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation,Boston,MA USA,2002.
[6] Hidaka K.Progress in Japan of space charge field measurement in gaseous dielectrics using a Pockels sensor[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,1996,12(1):17-28.
[7] Kurossws K,Yoshida S,Mori E,etc.Development of an optical instrument transformer for DC voltage measurement[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1721-1726.
[8] Zhang Yuhui,Li Tianyun,Feng Xichun. Insulator Fault Diagnosis based on Distance Function[J]. Journal of Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineering,1993 ,14 (2) :26-30.
[9]关志成,刘瑛岩,周远翔,等.绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2006.
[10] Gong Jianxin,Chen Juncheng,etc.On line measure system of high-voltage network insulator leak current[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation,2002,39(44):25-28.
[11] Zhu Hu,Li Wei-guo,Lin Ye. Present and Future Development of Detection Methods for Composite Insulator[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2006,6:13-17.
[12]王雪,张冠军,严璋.国内高压绝缘子在线检测方法综述[J].电瓷避雷器,2002,6:3-8.
[13]严璋.电力绝缘在线检测技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1995.
[14] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen. The Discussion about On-line Detective Methods of Insulators[J]. Modern Scientific Instruments,2000,(1):27-29.
[15] Jiang Xingliang,Huang Bin,Etc. Calculation of Voltage Distribution Along Insulator Strings of UHV AC Transmission Line by Electric-network Method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(1):7-70.
[16] Farag A S A,Zedan F M.Analytical studies of HV insulators in Saudi Arabia [J].IEEE Trans on Electrical Insulation,1993,28 (3):37-39.
[17] Flugum RW,Karcic AJ. Effect of Configuration on Contaminated Insulator String Performance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1972,91(1): 336 -344.
[18] Brian Pokaner etc. Leakage current monitoring of composite long rod insulators[C]. Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, 1994., Proceedings of the 4th International Conference. Volume 2,3-8 July 1994 :530 - 533.
[19] M.A.R.M. Fernando etc. Leakage current patterns on artificially polluted composite insulators[C]. Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 1996. IEEE 1996 Annual Report of the Conference.Volume 1, 20-23 Oct. 1996:394–397.
[20] Wei Qian,etc. Study on the Resolution of Pulse Current Method to Detect Faulty Insulators[J]. High Voltage Engineering,1998, (9):44-46.
[21] Chi Dianlin,etc. Detecting Insulator by UV Imaging[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(2):115-116.
[22]戴利波.紫外成像技术在高压设备带电检测中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20):97-98.
[23]陈衡,侯善敬.电力设备故障红外诊断[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.
[24]张永胜,俞发晖.应用红外热像技术检测瓷绝缘子运行状况初探[J].青海电力(2003年增刊):40-43.
[25] GB/T 4585.2-1991交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验方法——固体污层法[S],1991.
[26] Li Zhi,Wang Yongjiang,etc. Research on Leakage Current and Discharge Phenomena of Insulators[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(12):1-2.
[27] Mei Xiaobing,Shu Lichun,Jiang Xingliang,etc. Separation of Leakage Current on Insulators Under Wet Contaminated Conditions[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(9):18-20.
[28] Yue Bo,Wang Liming,Mao Yingke. Study on the Characteristics of High Frequency Leakage Current of Contaminated Insulator[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2005,41(6):401-407.
[29] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen,Liu Chun,etc.Research into the corona current characteristics of polluted insulators [A].Proceeding of International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials[C],Himeji,Japan,2001.
[30] Ramos N G,Campillo R M T,Naito K.A study on the characteristics of various conductive contaminants accumulated on high voltage insulators[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1842-1850.
[31] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen. Approaching to On-line Detection Methods for lnsulators[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2000(2):3-8.
[32] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen,Liu Chun,etc. Study of On-line Detecting Device for Suspension Insulator String[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2003,39(1):53-59.
[33]聂一雄,尹项根,刘春等.一种高频电流传感器的设计[J].仪器仪表学报(增刊),2001,22(3):196-198.
[34]丘志贤.绝缘子的爬电距离、表面积、体积及形状因素的计算[J].电瓷避雷器,1998(4):14-20.
[35] Xu Tao,Dai Yusong,Li Jianming. Application of Wavelet Analysis to Separation ofSignal and Noise in on-line Monitoring Insulation of Power Device[J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science and Technology,2004(2):13-15.
[36] Li Shue,Di Minyan,Lv Feng. Technology of Fault Diagnosis in Electricity Equipments Based On Wavelet Transformation[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor,2004(5):46-48.
[37] Donoho D L. De-noising by soft thresholding[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory , 1995 ,41 (3) :613-627.
[38] Pan Quan , Zhang Lei. Two de-noising methods by wavelet transform[J]. IEEE Trans on SP,1999,47 (12) :3401-3406.
[39] Donoho D L, Johnstone L M. Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage[J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1995, 90(432): 1200-1224.
[40] K Berkner, Jr R O Wells. Wavelet transforms and de-noising algorithm[C]. Signal,System&Computer, Conference Record of the Thirty-second Asilomar Conference,1998,(2):1639-1643.
[41]李建平.小波分析与信号处理[M].重庆:重庆出版,1997.
[42] Tomotaka Suda.Frequency characteristics of leakage current waveforms of an artificially polluted suspension insulator[J].IEEE Trans on D&El,2001,8(4):705-710.
[43] Tomotaka Suda,Senior Member.Frequency characteristics of leakage current waveforms of a string of suspension insulators[J].Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):481-488.
[44] El-Hag A H, Jayaram S. Low frequency harmonic components of leakage current as a diagnostic tool to study aging of silicone rubber insulators[C] .IEEE Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. Canada. 2001:579-600.
[45] DL/T 626-2005劣化盘形悬式绝缘子检测规[S],2005.
[2]石琼.智能型绝缘子分布电压检测研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文.2008.1.
[3] Yi Hui. Operating Current Situation and Prospect of Insulator for Transmission Line in China[J]. Electrical Equipment,2005,6(3):1-4.
[4] Yan Yu-ting,Wen Xi-shan,Wang Jian-wu,Zhang Hong-yan. A Review about On-line Monitoring the Leakage Current of Insulators[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2005,3:8-11.
[5] Bennoch C J,Judd M D,and Pearson J S. System For On-line monitoring of pollution levels on solid insulators[C]. Record of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation,Boston,MA USA,2002.
[6] Hidaka K.Progress in Japan of space charge field measurement in gaseous dielectrics using a Pockels sensor[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,1996,12(1):17-28.
[7] Kurossws K,Yoshida S,Mori E,etc.Development of an optical instrument transformer for DC voltage measurement[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1721-1726.
[8] Zhang Yuhui,Li Tianyun,Feng Xichun. Insulator Fault Diagnosis based on Distance Function[J]. Journal of Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineering,1993 ,14 (2) :26-30.
[9]关志成,刘瑛岩,周远翔,等.绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M].北京:清华人学出版社,2006.
[10] Gong Jianxin,Chen Juncheng,etc.On line measure system of high-voltage network insulator leak current[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation,2002,39(44):25-28.
[11] Zhu Hu,Li Wei-guo,Lin Ye. Present and Future Development of Detection Methods for Composite Insulator[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2006,6:13-17.
[12]王雪,张冠军,严璋.国内高压绝缘子在线检测方法综述[J].电瓷避雷器,2002,6:3-8.
[13]严璋.电力绝缘在线检测技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 1995.
[14] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen. The Discussion about On-line Detective Methods of Insulators[J]. Modern Scientific Instruments,2000,(1):27-29.
[15] Jiang Xingliang,Huang Bin,Etc. Calculation of Voltage Distribution Along Insulator Strings of UHV AC Transmission Line by Electric-network Method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(1):7-70.
[16] Farag A S A,Zedan F M.Analytical studies of HV insulators in Saudi Arabia [J].IEEE Trans on Electrical Insulation,1993,28 (3):37-39.
[17] Flugum RW,Karcic AJ. Effect of Configuration on Contaminated Insulator String Performance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1972,91(1): 336 -344.
[18] Brian Pokaner etc. Leakage current monitoring of composite long rod insulators[C]. Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, 1994., Proceedings of the 4th International Conference. Volume 2,3-8 July 1994 :530 - 533.
[19] M.A.R.M. Fernando etc. Leakage current patterns on artificially polluted composite insulators[C]. Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 1996. IEEE 1996 Annual Report of the Conference.Volume 1, 20-23 Oct. 1996:394–397.
[20] Wei Qian,etc. Study on the Resolution of Pulse Current Method to Detect Faulty Insulators[J]. High Voltage Engineering,1998, (9):44-46.
[21] Chi Dianlin,etc. Detecting Insulator by UV Imaging[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(2):115-116.
[22]戴利波.紫外成像技术在高压设备带电检测中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2003,27(20):97-98.
[23]陈衡,侯善敬.电力设备故障红外诊断[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999.
[24]张永胜,俞发晖.应用红外热像技术检测瓷绝缘子运行状况初探[J].青海电力(2003年增刊):40-43.
[25] GB/T 4585.2-1991交流系统用高压绝缘子人工污秽试验方法——固体污层法[S],1991.
[26] Li Zhi,Wang Yongjiang,etc. Research on Leakage Current and Discharge Phenomena of Insulators[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(12):1-2.
[27] Mei Xiaobing,Shu Lichun,Jiang Xingliang,etc. Separation of Leakage Current on Insulators Under Wet Contaminated Conditions[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2005,31(9):18-20.
[28] Yue Bo,Wang Liming,Mao Yingke. Study on the Characteristics of High Frequency Leakage Current of Contaminated Insulator[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2005,41(6):401-407.
[29] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen,Liu Chun,etc.Research into the corona current characteristics of polluted insulators [A].Proceeding of International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials[C],Himeji,Japan,2001.
[30] Ramos N G,Campillo R M T,Naito K.A study on the characteristics of various conductive contaminants accumulated on high voltage insulators[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(4):1842-1850.
[31] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen. Approaching to On-line Detection Methods for lnsulators[J]. Insulators and Surge Arresters,2000(2):3-8.
[32] Nie Yixiong,Yin Xianggen,Liu Chun,etc. Study of On-line Detecting Device for Suspension Insulator String[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2003,39(1):53-59.
[33]聂一雄,尹项根,刘春等.一种高频电流传感器的设计[J].仪器仪表学报(增刊),2001,22(3):196-198.
[34]丘志贤.绝缘子的爬电距离、表面积、体积及形状因素的计算[J].电瓷避雷器,1998(4):14-20.
[35] Xu Tao,Dai Yusong,Li Jianming. Application of Wavelet Analysis to Separation ofSignal and Noise in on-line Monitoring Insulation of Power Device[J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science and Technology,2004(2):13-15.
[36] Li Shue,Di Minyan,Lv Feng. Technology of Fault Diagnosis in Electricity Equipments Based On Wavelet Transformation[J]. Instrument Technique and Sensor,2004(5):46-48.
[37] Donoho D L. De-noising by soft thresholding[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory , 1995 ,41 (3) :613-627.
[38] Pan Quan , Zhang Lei. Two de-noising methods by wavelet transform[J]. IEEE Trans on SP,1999,47 (12) :3401-3406.
[39] Donoho D L, Johnstone L M. Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage[J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1995, 90(432): 1200-1224.
[40] K Berkner, Jr R O Wells. Wavelet transforms and de-noising algorithm[C]. Signal,System&Computer, Conference Record of the Thirty-second Asilomar Conference,1998,(2):1639-1643.
[41]李建平.小波分析与信号处理[M].重庆:重庆出版,1997.
[42] Tomotaka Suda.Frequency characteristics of leakage current waveforms of an artificially polluted suspension insulator[J].IEEE Trans on D&El,2001,8(4):705-710.
[43] Tomotaka Suda,Senior Member.Frequency characteristics of leakage current waveforms of a string of suspension insulators[J].Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(1):481-488.
[44] El-Hag A H, Jayaram S. Low frequency harmonic components of leakage current as a diagnostic tool to study aging of silicone rubber insulators[C] .IEEE Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena. Canada. 2001:579-600.
[45] DL/T 626-2005劣化盘形悬式绝缘子检测规[S],2005.