萍乡肉红鲫（♀）×彭泽鲫（♂）杂交受精细胞学及其子一代的SSR分析
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摘要
萍乡肉红鲫(Carassius auratus vat.pingxiangnensis,暂定名)是在江西省萍乡发现的一种野生鲫鱼突变种。本实验室经过七年的工作,完成了对萍乡肉红鲫六代选育。选育后的萍乡肉红鲫具有生长速度快、适应性强、营养价值高、易繁易养、抗病力强等优良经济性状,此外还发现萍乡肉红鲫是又一雌核发育的三倍体两性种群,类似起源于黑龙江省方正县双风水库的天然雌核发育银鲫,但又略有不同。对于这一具有极大研究潜力的特殊品种,明确萍乡肉红鲫雌核发育的生殖方式,了解其与银鲫生殖方式的共同点和不同之处,对于补充鱼类发育遗传学的基础资料有着十分重要的意义。本文分别利用细胞学手段和微卫星标记技术对萍乡肉红鲫的生物学特性、受精生物学及生殖方式展开了一系列研究,主要结果显示:
利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对萍乡肉红鲫(♀)×彭泽鲫((?)),萍乡肉红鲫(♀)×萍乡肉红鲫((?))两个交配组合的精子入卵过程、早期胚胎发育过程进行了观察。结果表明,这两种交配组合的精子入卵和胚胎发育过程没有本质的区别。精孔器漏斗状,精孔管一次只能通过一个精子。成熟的精卵相遇时,产生一系列胞间反应,包括卵细胞的皮层反应、细胞质膜的修复与重建、卵膜举起等。两个交配组合的早期胚胎发育形态基本一致,仅时间上存在一定的差异。
采用石蜡连续切片观察它们的雌性原核和雄性原核的融合过程,结果表明,异源精子,包括彭泽鲫和兴国红鲤的精子在萍乡肉红鲫的受精卵中始终处于固缩态,不解凝形成雄性原核,也不与雌性原核融合;而同源精子可以原核化并且与雌性原核融合。
3、采用微卫星(SSR)DNA标记技术对不同交配组合的后代与亲本进行了研究,以确定萍乡肉红鲫的生殖方式。SSR结果显示杂交子一代与母本基因型一致而与父本彭泽鲫、兴国红鲤无明显的亲缘关系。
4、不同交配组织子一代的形态特征与母本完全一致,没有父本的遗传特征。结果表明,萍乡肉红鲫是行雌核发育和两性生殖的三倍体两性群体。
Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp(Carassius auratus var.pingxiangnensis) is a wildness mutant crucian carp species founded in Pingxiang area of Jiangxi Province.For seven years,the sixth generation of the fish has been breeded now. The offsprings of this generation has advantageous traits which are fast growing, strong adaptability、high nutritional value、easy to breed and strong disease resistance,etc.Furthermore we found this fish which exists as a bisexual population is another triploid gynogenetic natural mutant similar to the Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch origined in Shuangfen reserovir of Heilongjiang Province.Because the fish is a unique potencial population being lacked of its genetic characteristics,it is very important to know the gynogenetic reproduction mode of the fish.it is also significative to know the homology and the difference from the Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch.The offsprings's biological characteristics which from different mate groups,changing of the early fertilizatized eggs,embryo development and reproduction biology were observed under light and electronic microscope. Microsatellite markers(SSR)was used to analyze the relationship between the parents with offspring in different mate groups.Main results show:
1.Early sperm entry into the egg,embryonic development process of two different mate groups,Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp(♀)×Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp((?))and Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp(♀)×Pengze crucian carp((?)),has been observed by optical microscopy and SEM..The results showed that sperm penetration into eggs and embryonic development of both mating groups did have essentially difference.The micropylar region is funnel shape.Only one sperm can entry the micropylar canal.A series of intracellular reaction produced including cortical reaction,fertilizationg membrane hunching,maturation division restarting with extrusion of a single polar,the plasma memebrane testoration and reorgenizastion.The result show that the modalities of embryos of crossbreeding and inbreeding looked the same,but there was a little difference on the hatching time of early stage of embrogenesis.
2.The fusion of male pronuleus and female pronuleus were observed by paraffin slice,The heterologous sperm nucleus remained condensed after entering the egg,it did not transform into female pronuleus and fuse with female pronuleus. The homologous sperm nucleus transform into female pronuleus and decondensates to fuse with the female pronuleus.
3.SSR DNA marker was used to analysis the relationship between parent and offspring in different mate groups and to conform the reproduction mode of Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp.The amplified patterns clearly indicated that the genotype of the F1 progeny triggered by the male Carassius auratus var.pengze and xingguo red carp was similar to the female parent but different from the male parent.
4.The morphologic characteristics of the offspring from different mate groups has also been in full accord with the female parent. In conclusion,the Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp as a multiple tiploid and bisexual reproduction strain did reproduce by both gynogenesis and bissexual.
利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对萍乡肉红鲫(♀)×彭泽鲫((?)),萍乡肉红鲫(♀)×萍乡肉红鲫((?))两个交配组合的精子入卵过程、早期胚胎发育过程进行了观察。结果表明,这两种交配组合的精子入卵和胚胎发育过程没有本质的区别。精孔器漏斗状,精孔管一次只能通过一个精子。成熟的精卵相遇时,产生一系列胞间反应,包括卵细胞的皮层反应、细胞质膜的修复与重建、卵膜举起等。两个交配组合的早期胚胎发育形态基本一致,仅时间上存在一定的差异。
采用石蜡连续切片观察它们的雌性原核和雄性原核的融合过程,结果表明,异源精子,包括彭泽鲫和兴国红鲤的精子在萍乡肉红鲫的受精卵中始终处于固缩态,不解凝形成雄性原核,也不与雌性原核融合;而同源精子可以原核化并且与雌性原核融合。
3、采用微卫星(SSR)DNA标记技术对不同交配组合的后代与亲本进行了研究,以确定萍乡肉红鲫的生殖方式。SSR结果显示杂交子一代与母本基因型一致而与父本彭泽鲫、兴国红鲤无明显的亲缘关系。
4、不同交配组织子一代的形态特征与母本完全一致,没有父本的遗传特征。结果表明,萍乡肉红鲫是行雌核发育和两性生殖的三倍体两性群体。
Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp(Carassius auratus var.pingxiangnensis) is a wildness mutant crucian carp species founded in Pingxiang area of Jiangxi Province.For seven years,the sixth generation of the fish has been breeded now. The offsprings of this generation has advantageous traits which are fast growing, strong adaptability、high nutritional value、easy to breed and strong disease resistance,etc.Furthermore we found this fish which exists as a bisexual population is another triploid gynogenetic natural mutant similar to the Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch origined in Shuangfen reserovir of Heilongjiang Province.Because the fish is a unique potencial population being lacked of its genetic characteristics,it is very important to know the gynogenetic reproduction mode of the fish.it is also significative to know the homology and the difference from the Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch.The offsprings's biological characteristics which from different mate groups,changing of the early fertilizatized eggs,embryo development and reproduction biology were observed under light and electronic microscope. Microsatellite markers(SSR)was used to analyze the relationship between the parents with offspring in different mate groups.Main results show:
1.Early sperm entry into the egg,embryonic development process of two different mate groups,Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp(♀)×Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp((?))and Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp(♀)×Pengze crucian carp((?)),has been observed by optical microscopy and SEM..The results showed that sperm penetration into eggs and embryonic development of both mating groups did have essentially difference.The micropylar region is funnel shape.Only one sperm can entry the micropylar canal.A series of intracellular reaction produced including cortical reaction,fertilizationg membrane hunching,maturation division restarting with extrusion of a single polar,the plasma memebrane testoration and reorgenizastion.The result show that the modalities of embryos of crossbreeding and inbreeding looked the same,but there was a little difference on the hatching time of early stage of embrogenesis.
2.The fusion of male pronuleus and female pronuleus were observed by paraffin slice,The heterologous sperm nucleus remained condensed after entering the egg,it did not transform into female pronuleus and fuse with female pronuleus. The homologous sperm nucleus transform into female pronuleus and decondensates to fuse with the female pronuleus.
3.SSR DNA marker was used to analysis the relationship between parent and offspring in different mate groups and to conform the reproduction mode of Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp.The amplified patterns clearly indicated that the genotype of the F1 progeny triggered by the male Carassius auratus var.pengze and xingguo red carp was similar to the female parent but different from the male parent.
4.The morphologic characteristics of the offspring from different mate groups has also been in full accord with the female parent. In conclusion,the Pingxiang red transparent crucian carp as a multiple tiploid and bisexual reproduction strain did reproduce by both gynogenesis and bissexual.
引文
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