宁武东马坊风能场一期风电机组防雷接地工程设计
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摘要
近年,我国风电产业发展势头迅猛,随着风电机组单机容量和风电场规模逐渐增大,风电机组塔筒越来越高,加之风力发电机组安置于海边、旷野、山顶等环境中,雷电已成为危及风电场安全运行的一大自然灾害
华能宁武东马坊风电工程是列入山西省风力发电规划的山西省和忻州市重点建设项目,一期装机容量49.5MW,共计安装33台1500kW风力发电机组。项目审批用地面积11.4876公顷,33台风电机组南北跨度大、布置较为分散。风能场地处华北山地地带,海拔2000m左右、地势高峻,土壤电阻率较大,雷暴活动频繁,要求每台风电机组防雷接地冲击接地电阻在4Ω以下,工程设计难度较大。
本文客观准备的对风能场地埋、地质、土壤,环境,气候气象以及雷电活动规律等进行了充分的现场调研。认真分析雷电对风电机组的危害方式,根据场地特征的不同将33台风电机组分成A、B、C三组,并依据国家规范和标准相应的设计出A、B、C三种类型防雷接地地网设计方案。每一类型的设计方案均通过技术论证,确保实施后地网性能稳定运行、满足项目要求。做到全面规划、技术先进、经济合理,为华能宁武风能场在雷电环境中的安全运行保驾护航。
In recent years, the wind power industry in china developed rapidly. With the increasing of unit capacity of the wind turbine and wind farm size, the higher wind turbine towers, and often placing wind turbines on the seaside, wilderness and hilltop, etc., lightning has become great natural danger to the safe operation of a wind farm.
The CHNG's wind power project in Dong Ma Fang of Ningwu is the key construction project of Shanxi Province and Xinzhou City, listed in the wind power planning of Shanxi Province. The first installed capacity of 49.5 MW. A total of 33 of units of wind turbines with 1500kW. Land area of 11.4876 hectares project approval,33 north-south span of the typhoon motor group, the more dispersed arrangement.in the mountainous areas of North China. The areas are about 2000m above sea level, steep terrain, and the soil resistivity rate is high, the thunder storm activity is frequent. Earthing of Lightning Protection requires the impulse grounding resistance is smaller than 4Ω, which means the engineering design is difficult.
This objective for the wind energy field buried, geology, soil, environment, climate, weather and lightning activities, such laws were adequate on-site investigation.In this paper, the danger of lighting to wind turbine is carefully analyzed, and the 33 units of wind turbines are divided into three kinds of ground network marked A, B and C, and based on national norms and standards relevant to design A, B, C are three types of lightning protection and grounding in network design.The design proposal is demonstrated to ensure that the ground network runs steadily and meet the requirement of the project. The design has comprehensive planning, advanced technology, economic rationality, and can ensure the safe operation of CHNG's wind farm of Ningwu in the lightning environment.
华能宁武东马坊风电工程是列入山西省风力发电规划的山西省和忻州市重点建设项目,一期装机容量49.5MW,共计安装33台1500kW风力发电机组。项目审批用地面积11.4876公顷,33台风电机组南北跨度大、布置较为分散。风能场地处华北山地地带,海拔2000m左右、地势高峻,土壤电阻率较大,雷暴活动频繁,要求每台风电机组防雷接地冲击接地电阻在4Ω以下,工程设计难度较大。
本文客观准备的对风能场地埋、地质、土壤,环境,气候气象以及雷电活动规律等进行了充分的现场调研。认真分析雷电对风电机组的危害方式,根据场地特征的不同将33台风电机组分成A、B、C三组,并依据国家规范和标准相应的设计出A、B、C三种类型防雷接地地网设计方案。每一类型的设计方案均通过技术论证,确保实施后地网性能稳定运行、满足项目要求。做到全面规划、技术先进、经济合理,为华能宁武风能场在雷电环境中的安全运行保驾护航。
In recent years, the wind power industry in china developed rapidly. With the increasing of unit capacity of the wind turbine and wind farm size, the higher wind turbine towers, and often placing wind turbines on the seaside, wilderness and hilltop, etc., lightning has become great natural danger to the safe operation of a wind farm.
The CHNG's wind power project in Dong Ma Fang of Ningwu is the key construction project of Shanxi Province and Xinzhou City, listed in the wind power planning of Shanxi Province. The first installed capacity of 49.5 MW. A total of 33 of units of wind turbines with 1500kW. Land area of 11.4876 hectares project approval,33 north-south span of the typhoon motor group, the more dispersed arrangement.in the mountainous areas of North China. The areas are about 2000m above sea level, steep terrain, and the soil resistivity rate is high, the thunder storm activity is frequent. Earthing of Lightning Protection requires the impulse grounding resistance is smaller than 4Ω, which means the engineering design is difficult.
This objective for the wind energy field buried, geology, soil, environment, climate, weather and lightning activities, such laws were adequate on-site investigation.In this paper, the danger of lighting to wind turbine is carefully analyzed, and the 33 units of wind turbines are divided into three kinds of ground network marked A, B and C, and based on national norms and standards relevant to design A, B, C are three types of lightning protection and grounding in network design.The design proposal is demonstrated to ensure that the ground network runs steadily and meet the requirement of the project. The design has comprehensive planning, advanced technology, economic rationality, and can ensure the safe operation of CHNG's wind farm of Ningwu in the lightning environment.
引文
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[21]陈先禄,刘渝根,黄勇.接地[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2001.
[22]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.电子信息系统防雷接地技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.
[23]苏邦礼.雷电与避雷工程[M].广州：中山大学出版社,1996.
[24]虞浩,臧庚媛,张勋文,等.现代防雷技术基础[M].北京：清华大学出版,1995.
[25]曾永林.智能大楼雷电电磁脉冲的防护设计[J].国家电力公司中南勘测设计研究院, 2008.
[26]肖稳安,张小青.雷电与防护技术基础[M].北京：气象出版,2006.
[27]李冰,李峰,山西电网雷电数据分析[J].山西电力,2009,154(3)：3-5.
[28]贾朝阳,王盘兴,李丽平,等.山西省雷暴气候特征[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(7)：138-139.
[29]许崇武,胡学文,彭泉光,等.接地网防蚀研究及应用[R].武汉：武汉水利电力大学,2000.
[30]王光雍,王海江,银耀德,等.自然环境的腐蚀与防护[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997.
[31]吴丽蓉,胡学文,许崇武(Wu Lirong, Hu Xuewen, Xu Chongwu)用EIS快速评估有机涂层防护性能的方法(Methods for evaluating the performance of protective coatings withEIS)[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术(Corrosion Science and Protection Technology),2000, (3): 182.
[32]中国气象局.QX/T 104-2009.接地降阻剂[S].北京：气象出版社,2009.
[33]中国气象局.QX/T 106-2009.防雷装置设计技术评价规范[S].北京：气象出版社,2009.
[2]何建坤,张希良.促进可再生能源大规模发展的战略与政策[C].中国可再生能源发展战略国际研讨会.北京,2005.
[3]全球风能发电产业现状分析[EB/01]. http://www.chinairn.com/doc/70310/440307.html. 2009-07-03/2009-12-13.
[4]许小峰.雷电灾害与监测预报[J].气象,2004,30(12)：17-21.
[5]钱冠军,王晓瑜,汪雁.雷电屏蔽模拟理论与试验技术的研究[J].高压电技术,998,24(2).
[6]陈渭民.雷电学原理[M].北京：气象出版社,2008.
[7]雷暴—航空飞行的天敌[EB/Ol].http://www.weather.com.cn/static/html/article/20080708/8948_2.shtml,2008-07-08/2010-12-01.
[8]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50343-2004.建筑物电子信息系统防雷技术规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[9]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50057-2000.建筑物防雷设计规范[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[10]张小青.建筑物内电子设备的防雷保护[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2000.
[11]梅卫群,江燕如.建筑防雷工程与设计[M].北京：气象出版,2004.55-92.
[12]余崇高.“滚球法”在变电站防雷设计中的应用[J].内蒙古水利,2005,03,115-118.
[13]防雷知识系列(二)—雷击闪电的特性[EB/Ol].http://www.bokee.net/company/weblog_viewEntry/1346383.html.2008-01-11/2010-10-22.
[14]何如喜.中国风能产业发展现状及对策研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2008,8.84.
[15]闫凌宇.国内风电产业概况和存在问题的初步分析[J].电器工业,2008,8,12-14.
[16]刘卫东.我国风力发电设备现状和发展趋势[J].现代制造技术与设备,2008,185(4)：1-4.
[17]徐华,赵萍.浙江临海括苍山风电场简介及运行分析[J].浙江电力,2000,4：23-25.
[18]风力发电如何摆脱雷击--《风能世界》杂志专访[EB/Ol].http://www.windpower-china.com/node/2169.2010-11-18/2010-12-01.
[19]风机叶片防雷-中国风能协会[EB/Ol].http://www.docin.com/p-51329529.html.2010-04-24/2010-05-12.
[20]李家启,李良福.雷电灾害典型案例分析[M].北京：气象出版社,2007.
[21]陈先禄,刘渝根,黄勇.接地[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2001.
[22]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.电子信息系统防雷接地技术[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004.
[23]苏邦礼.雷电与避雷工程[M].广州：中山大学出版社,1996.
[24]虞浩,臧庚媛,张勋文,等.现代防雷技术基础[M].北京：清华大学出版,1995.
[25]曾永林.智能大楼雷电电磁脉冲的防护设计[J].国家电力公司中南勘测设计研究院, 2008.
[26]肖稳安,张小青.雷电与防护技术基础[M].北京：气象出版,2006.
[27]李冰,李峰,山西电网雷电数据分析[J].山西电力,2009,154(3)：3-5.
[28]贾朝阳,王盘兴,李丽平,等.山西省雷暴气候特征[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(7)：138-139.
[29]许崇武,胡学文,彭泉光,等.接地网防蚀研究及应用[R].武汉：武汉水利电力大学,2000.
[30]王光雍,王海江,银耀德,等.自然环境的腐蚀与防护[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997.
[31]吴丽蓉,胡学文,许崇武(Wu Lirong, Hu Xuewen, Xu Chongwu)用EIS快速评估有机涂层防护性能的方法(Methods for evaluating the performance of protective coatings withEIS)[J].腐蚀科学与防护技术(Corrosion Science and Protection Technology),2000, (3): 182.
[32]中国气象局.QX/T 104-2009.接地降阻剂[S].北京：气象出版社,2009.
[33]中国气象局.QX/T 106-2009.防雷装置设计技术评价规范[S].北京：气象出版社,2009.