单相能量馈网系统的研制
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摘要
随着社会经济的迅速发展,能源问题在当今社会中受到越来越多的关注。能量回馈系统可以缓减经济发展和能源短缺之间的矛盾。无论在减少能源的浪费方面还是在新能源的利用开发方面,能源回馈都发挥着重要作用。目前能量回馈技术主要用于功率电子负载、分布式发电和电机制动能馈等场合。
本文主要研究了单相能量馈网系统。设计了一种可以将这些再生能源重新送入电网的装置,该装置可将能源以与电网电压同频同相的正弦波电流送入电网,极大的节约了电能并且降低了对电网的谐波污染。
能量馈网系统中包含两个关键环节:升压环节、逆变环节。升压环节采用Boost变换器使其电压达到逆变的要求,逆变环节是将直流电压转化为交流电压。在本文中分析了Boost电路的工作原理以及各种控制方法。在此基础上设计了Boost变换器,采用闭环控制,PI调节的方式对输出电压控制,使输出电压恒定在一定的值。
本文分析了电压型逆变器的工作原理及电流控制方法,设计了单相全桥式逆变器。采用与传统锁相技术不同的方法采集电网电压同步信号,用软件的方法产生与电网电压同频同相的正弦波作为参考电流波形。控制策略为滞环电流控制。最终让逆变器输出电流跟踪参考正弦波,使输出电流与电网电压同频同相。并用仿真软件Psim对系统进行分析,仿真结果与理论分析吻合。
本文的最后给出了系统实验波形,实验结果与仿真结果相符,系统能较好的输出电流跟踪性能,实现了能量回馈的功能,为能量回馈系统进行深入研究打下了基础。
With the development of social economy, people pay more and more attention on energy source problem. Energy feedback system researched is aimed at settling these questions. Energy feedback system plays an important role not only in cutting down waste of energy, but also in utilizing green-energy. Now, this system is used in electronic power load, distributed generation and motor braking feedback.
Single-phase energy feedback system is researched in this paper. The system is designed to transfer renewable energy that has the same frequency and same phase with power network into AC power network at unit power factor. This device saves energy and reduces harmonic wave pollution.
There are two parts in energy feedback system, including boost and inverter. With boost circuit, DC/DC converter is used to boost voltage to meet the requirements of inverter. Then DC voltage is inverted to AC voltage in inversion circuit.
The paper analyzes the principle of BOOST transform circuit and several methods of control. On the base of the principle, DC/DC boost converter is designed. This converter realizes constant voltage by closed-loop control and PI adjusting.
The paper designs single-phase full-bridge inverter by analyzing the principle of voltage inverter and the method of current control. Locking signal is sampled in a new method witch is different from the traditional method. The reference sine wave is generated by software. Hysteresis control is used to control current. The output current of inverter trace reference sine wave and keeps the same frequency and same phase with power network voltage. This paper simulates the system by using PSIM. And simulation results comport with theory results.
At the end of this paper, the experiment results show that the system can obtain well output current following performance. The system realizes the function that DC energy can be fed back to AC power network.
本文主要研究了单相能量馈网系统。设计了一种可以将这些再生能源重新送入电网的装置,该装置可将能源以与电网电压同频同相的正弦波电流送入电网,极大的节约了电能并且降低了对电网的谐波污染。
能量馈网系统中包含两个关键环节:升压环节、逆变环节。升压环节采用Boost变换器使其电压达到逆变的要求,逆变环节是将直流电压转化为交流电压。在本文中分析了Boost电路的工作原理以及各种控制方法。在此基础上设计了Boost变换器,采用闭环控制,PI调节的方式对输出电压控制,使输出电压恒定在一定的值。
本文分析了电压型逆变器的工作原理及电流控制方法,设计了单相全桥式逆变器。采用与传统锁相技术不同的方法采集电网电压同步信号,用软件的方法产生与电网电压同频同相的正弦波作为参考电流波形。控制策略为滞环电流控制。最终让逆变器输出电流跟踪参考正弦波,使输出电流与电网电压同频同相。并用仿真软件Psim对系统进行分析,仿真结果与理论分析吻合。
本文的最后给出了系统实验波形,实验结果与仿真结果相符,系统能较好的输出电流跟踪性能,实现了能量回馈的功能,为能量回馈系统进行深入研究打下了基础。
With the development of social economy, people pay more and more attention on energy source problem. Energy feedback system researched is aimed at settling these questions. Energy feedback system plays an important role not only in cutting down waste of energy, but also in utilizing green-energy. Now, this system is used in electronic power load, distributed generation and motor braking feedback.
Single-phase energy feedback system is researched in this paper. The system is designed to transfer renewable energy that has the same frequency and same phase with power network into AC power network at unit power factor. This device saves energy and reduces harmonic wave pollution.
There are two parts in energy feedback system, including boost and inverter. With boost circuit, DC/DC converter is used to boost voltage to meet the requirements of inverter. Then DC voltage is inverted to AC voltage in inversion circuit.
The paper analyzes the principle of BOOST transform circuit and several methods of control. On the base of the principle, DC/DC boost converter is designed. This converter realizes constant voltage by closed-loop control and PI adjusting.
The paper designs single-phase full-bridge inverter by analyzing the principle of voltage inverter and the method of current control. Locking signal is sampled in a new method witch is different from the traditional method. The reference sine wave is generated by software. Hysteresis control is used to control current. The output current of inverter trace reference sine wave and keeps the same frequency and same phase with power network voltage. This paper simulates the system by using PSIM. And simulation results comport with theory results.
At the end of this paper, the experiment results show that the system can obtain well output current following performance. The system realizes the function that DC energy can be fed back to AC power network.
引文
1 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.第四版.机械工业出版社,1995:23-33,164-165
2 姜桂宾.分布式发电系统用逆变电源及其并联组网控制技术研究.博士学位论文.西安交通大学.2003:1-3
3 李宝昌.能馈式电子模拟功率负载的研制.硕士学位论文.北方交通大学.2002:3-4
4 王士湖,王莉.一种再生制动控制电路的设计.淮阴工学院学报.2002,3:52-53
5 Meinhardt M, Cramer G. Past, present and future of grid connected photovoltaic and hybrid-power-systems. Power enqineering society summer meeting,2000,IEEE. Volume 2,2000:1283-1287
6 Hatziadoniu C J, Lobo A A, Pourboghrat F, Daneshdoost M. A Simplified dynamic model of grid-connected fuel-cell generators. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Nov 2006:224-228
7 Hong Huang, Liuchen Chang. Energy-flow direction control of grid-connected IGBT inverter for wind energy extraction. Electrical and computer Engineering 2000 canadian conference on volume 1, 7-10 March 2000:535-539
8 吴隆安,赖寿宏,涂从欢.能量回馈系统的设计与实现.电力电子技术.1995,1:24
9 黄声华,辜承林.一种全可控能量回馈系统.湖北工学院学报.1994,9:120-121
10 张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.修订版.电子工业出版社,2004:27-36
11 杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术.机械工业出版社,2004:72-78
12 张福顺,张进民.一种实用的直流升压电源.电子科技,1995,2:58-59
13 Rabello A L, Co M A, Simonetti D S L, Vieira J L F. An Isolated DC/DC Boost Converter using Two Cascade Control Loops. Industrial Electronics, 1997, ISIE’97, Proceeding of the IEEE international Symposium on volume 2, 7-11 July 1997: 452
14 J.A. Gow, C.D. Manning. Controller arrangement for boost converter systems sourced from solar photovoltaic arrays or other maximum power sources. IEE Proc-Electr. Power Appl. Vol 147. No 1. January 2000:15-16
15 徐正喜,陈涛.舰用直流升压变换电路研究.舰用科学技术.1998,6:58-61
16 吴向群,汪晓光.电流型并联开关稳压电源设计.航空计算技术.1997,2:24-25
17 马永龙,杨坤涛,叶艾等.Boost 升压电路在固体激光电源中的应用.光学与光电技术.2003,135-136:
18 孙频东.Boost 电源变换器原理与仿真.计算机仿真.2003,4:118-119
19 Soeren Baekhoej Kjaer, Johon K. Pedersen. A review of single-phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,VOL 41,NO 5,SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2005:1292-1304
20 吴忠,丑武胜.DC/DC 升压变换器 PID 串级控制系统仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004,5:1013-1015
21 何瑞金,吴庆彪,孙培德,冯香枝.一种新颖的 DC/DC 变换器的设计与实现.东北大学学报(自然科学版).2005,1:128
22 柳鹏.数字式能量回馈系统的研究.硕士学位论文.浙江大学.2004,3:1-5,
23 陈道炼.DC-AC 逆变技术及其应用.机械工业出版社.2003:218-232
24 Gert K. Andersen,Christian Klumpner. A new green power inverter for fuel cells. Power Electronics specialists conference,2002,pesc02,2002 IEEE 33rd. 727-733
25 焦在强.单级式并网型光伏发电系统用逆变器的研究.硕士学位论文.中国科学院研究生院.2004:
26 易映萍,徐勇.单相正弦波逆变蓄电池并网放电装置的研制.湖南工程学院学报.2003,4:11-14
27 刘亚龙,李匡成,王福兴,高玉峰.应用升压电路的蓄电池放电设备.电源技术.2004,7:425-432
28 Xuanyuan Wang, Mehrdad Kazerani. A Modular Photo-voltaic Grid-connected Inverter based on phase-shifted-carrier technique。Industry applications conference,2002,37th.IAS Annual meeting.Conference Record of the volume 4,13-18 oct.2002:2520-2525
29 Kleber C.A.de Souza,Marcus R.de Castro,Fernando Antunes。A DC/AC Converter for Single-Phase Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems. IECON 02,Volume 4,5-8Nov.2002:3268-3273
30 De Souza K C A, De Castro M R, Antunes F. A DC/AC converter for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems. IECON 02 industrial Electronics Society, IEEE2002 28th Annual Conference of the IEEE. Volume 4,2002:3268-3273
31 Shi-cheng Zheng, Pei-zhen Wang and Lu-sheng Ge. Study on PWM control strategy of photovoltaic Grid-connected Generation system. Power electronics and motion control conference. 2006, IPEMC’06’ CES/IEEE 5th international. Volume 3, 2006:2-4
32 屈莉莉,杨兆华,杨振坤,秦亿.一种新型蓄电池充放电专用节能装置.电源技术 468-469
33 赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究.博士学位论文.合肥工业大学.2003:
34 李绍铭.再生能源回馈电网的电力电子技术方案的研究.电子技术应用.2002,4:38-39
35 杨海柱,金新民,刘洁.500W 光伏并网逆变器设计. 国外电子元器件, 2006,3: 50-52.
36 杨凡.一种基于 80C196KC 单片机的新型电子负载的设计. 硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2004: 25-30
37 张承慧,李珂,杜春水,崔纳新.基于幅相控制的变频器能量回馈控制系统.电工技术学报.2005,2:41
38 Yaosuo Xue and Liuchen Chang. Closed-Loop SPWM Control for Grid-Connected Buck-Boost Inverters.2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen Germany,2004.2004:3366-3370
39 S.-K.Chung. Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems. IEE Proc-Electr, power Appl.Vol.147,No,3,May 2000.213-215
40 Kyoungsoo Ro, Saifur Rahman. Two-Loop Controller for Maximizing Performance of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybird Power Plant. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol.13,No.3,September 1998:276-279
41 首福俊,黄念慈,窦伟.一种新型的光伏逆变器控制方法.电力电子技术.2004.2:66-68
42 周晓霖,黄声华,刘冠军.一种可实现能量回馈的新型蓄电池充电系统.船电技术.2000,1:1-4
43 BLASKO V, KAURA V. A new mathematical model mode and control of a three-phase AC-DC voltage source converter. IEEE Trans on Power Electron, 1997,12(1):116-122
44 WU Rusong,DEWAN S B,SL EMON G R. Analysis of a PWM AC to DC voltage source converter under the predicted current control with a fixed switching frequency.IEEE TIA, 1991,27(4):756-764
45 Qiang Zhang, Lewei Qian, Chongwei Zhang and David Cartes. Study on Grid connected inverter used in high power wind generation system. The 2006 IEEE industry applications conference forty-first IAS annual meeting. Volume 2,2006:1053-1056
46 Herong Gu, Zilong Yang, Deyu Wang, Weiyong Wu. Research on control method of double-mode inverter with Grid-connection and stand-alone. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference 2006. IPEMC’06. CES/IEEE 5th internation. Volume 1, Aug, 2006:1-5
47 Bin Yu, Liuchen Chang. Improve predictive current controlled PWM for single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter. Power Electronics specialists conference 2005.PESC’05 IEEE 36th 2005: 231-236
48 Zheng Shicheng, Wang Peizhen, Ge Lusheng. Study on improving output current waveform of photovoltaic grid-connected system. Industrial electronics and applications. 2006 1ST IEEE conference on may 2006:1-5
49 S?ren B?kh?j Kj?r, John K. Pedersen, Frede Blaabjerg. Power Inverter Topologies for Photovoltaic Modules-A Review, to appear in the IAS 2002 Annual Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA, on October 13-18 2002.
50 Ohnuki T, Miyashita O. High Power Factor PWM Rectifier with an Analog Pulsewidth Prediction Controllers. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics. 1996.11(3): 460-465
51 薛令河.基于TMS320F2812 DSP的CO2焊波形控制系统研究.北京工业大学硕士论文.2006:20
52 严创业.IGCT 器件模型及拓扑结构仿真模型.华北电力大学硕士论文.2005:14-17
2 姜桂宾.分布式发电系统用逆变电源及其并联组网控制技术研究.博士学位论文.西安交通大学.2003:1-3
3 李宝昌.能馈式电子模拟功率负载的研制.硕士学位论文.北方交通大学.2002:3-4
4 王士湖,王莉.一种再生制动控制电路的设计.淮阴工学院学报.2002,3:52-53
5 Meinhardt M, Cramer G. Past, present and future of grid connected photovoltaic and hybrid-power-systems. Power enqineering society summer meeting,2000,IEEE. Volume 2,2000:1283-1287
6 Hatziadoniu C J, Lobo A A, Pourboghrat F, Daneshdoost M. A Simplified dynamic model of grid-connected fuel-cell generators. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Nov 2006:224-228
7 Hong Huang, Liuchen Chang. Energy-flow direction control of grid-connected IGBT inverter for wind energy extraction. Electrical and computer Engineering 2000 canadian conference on volume 1, 7-10 March 2000:535-539
8 吴隆安,赖寿宏,涂从欢.能量回馈系统的设计与实现.电力电子技术.1995,1:24
9 黄声华,辜承林.一种全可控能量回馈系统.湖北工学院学报.1994,9:120-121
10 张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.修订版.电子工业出版社,2004:27-36
11 杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术.机械工业出版社,2004:72-78
12 张福顺,张进民.一种实用的直流升压电源.电子科技,1995,2:58-59
13 Rabello A L, Co M A, Simonetti D S L, Vieira J L F. An Isolated DC/DC Boost Converter using Two Cascade Control Loops. Industrial Electronics, 1997, ISIE’97, Proceeding of the IEEE international Symposium on volume 2, 7-11 July 1997: 452
14 J.A. Gow, C.D. Manning. Controller arrangement for boost converter systems sourced from solar photovoltaic arrays or other maximum power sources. IEE Proc-Electr. Power Appl. Vol 147. No 1. January 2000:15-16
15 徐正喜,陈涛.舰用直流升压变换电路研究.舰用科学技术.1998,6:58-61
16 吴向群,汪晓光.电流型并联开关稳压电源设计.航空计算技术.1997,2:24-25
17 马永龙,杨坤涛,叶艾等.Boost 升压电路在固体激光电源中的应用.光学与光电技术.2003,135-136:
18 孙频东.Boost 电源变换器原理与仿真.计算机仿真.2003,4:118-119
19 Soeren Baekhoej Kjaer, Johon K. Pedersen. A review of single-phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS,VOL 41,NO 5,SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2005:1292-1304
20 吴忠,丑武胜.DC/DC 升压变换器 PID 串级控制系统仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004,5:1013-1015
21 何瑞金,吴庆彪,孙培德,冯香枝.一种新颖的 DC/DC 变换器的设计与实现.东北大学学报(自然科学版).2005,1:128
22 柳鹏.数字式能量回馈系统的研究.硕士学位论文.浙江大学.2004,3:1-5,
23 陈道炼.DC-AC 逆变技术及其应用.机械工业出版社.2003:218-232
24 Gert K. Andersen,Christian Klumpner. A new green power inverter for fuel cells. Power Electronics specialists conference,2002,pesc02,2002 IEEE 33rd. 727-733
25 焦在强.单级式并网型光伏发电系统用逆变器的研究.硕士学位论文.中国科学院研究生院.2004:
26 易映萍,徐勇.单相正弦波逆变蓄电池并网放电装置的研制.湖南工程学院学报.2003,4:11-14
27 刘亚龙,李匡成,王福兴,高玉峰.应用升压电路的蓄电池放电设备.电源技术.2004,7:425-432
28 Xuanyuan Wang, Mehrdad Kazerani. A Modular Photo-voltaic Grid-connected Inverter based on phase-shifted-carrier technique。Industry applications conference,2002,37th.IAS Annual meeting.Conference Record of the volume 4,13-18 oct.2002:2520-2525
29 Kleber C.A.de Souza,Marcus R.de Castro,Fernando Antunes。A DC/AC Converter for Single-Phase Grid-connected Photovoltaic Systems. IECON 02,Volume 4,5-8Nov.2002:3268-3273
30 De Souza K C A, De Castro M R, Antunes F. A DC/AC converter for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems. IECON 02 industrial Electronics Society, IEEE2002 28th Annual Conference of the IEEE. Volume 4,2002:3268-3273
31 Shi-cheng Zheng, Pei-zhen Wang and Lu-sheng Ge. Study on PWM control strategy of photovoltaic Grid-connected Generation system. Power electronics and motion control conference. 2006, IPEMC’06’ CES/IEEE 5th international. Volume 3, 2006:2-4
32 屈莉莉,杨兆华,杨振坤,秦亿.一种新型蓄电池充放电专用节能装置.电源技术 468-469
33 赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究.博士学位论文.合肥工业大学.2003:
34 李绍铭.再生能源回馈电网的电力电子技术方案的研究.电子技术应用.2002,4:38-39
35 杨海柱,金新民,刘洁.500W 光伏并网逆变器设计. 国外电子元器件, 2006,3: 50-52.
36 杨凡.一种基于 80C196KC 单片机的新型电子负载的设计. 硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2004: 25-30
37 张承慧,李珂,杜春水,崔纳新.基于幅相控制的变频器能量回馈控制系统.电工技术学报.2005,2:41
38 Yaosuo Xue and Liuchen Chang. Closed-Loop SPWM Control for Grid-Connected Buck-Boost Inverters.2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen Germany,2004.2004:3366-3370
39 S.-K.Chung. Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems. IEE Proc-Electr, power Appl.Vol.147,No,3,May 2000.213-215
40 Kyoungsoo Ro, Saifur Rahman. Two-Loop Controller for Maximizing Performance of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybird Power Plant. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol.13,No.3,September 1998:276-279
41 首福俊,黄念慈,窦伟.一种新型的光伏逆变器控制方法.电力电子技术.2004.2:66-68
42 周晓霖,黄声华,刘冠军.一种可实现能量回馈的新型蓄电池充电系统.船电技术.2000,1:1-4
43 BLASKO V, KAURA V. A new mathematical model mode and control of a three-phase AC-DC voltage source converter. IEEE Trans on Power Electron, 1997,12(1):116-122
44 WU Rusong,DEWAN S B,SL EMON G R. Analysis of a PWM AC to DC voltage source converter under the predicted current control with a fixed switching frequency.IEEE TIA, 1991,27(4):756-764
45 Qiang Zhang, Lewei Qian, Chongwei Zhang and David Cartes. Study on Grid connected inverter used in high power wind generation system. The 2006 IEEE industry applications conference forty-first IAS annual meeting. Volume 2,2006:1053-1056
46 Herong Gu, Zilong Yang, Deyu Wang, Weiyong Wu. Research on control method of double-mode inverter with Grid-connection and stand-alone. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference 2006. IPEMC’06. CES/IEEE 5th internation. Volume 1, Aug, 2006:1-5
47 Bin Yu, Liuchen Chang. Improve predictive current controlled PWM for single-phase grid-connected voltage source inverter. Power Electronics specialists conference 2005.PESC’05 IEEE 36th 2005: 231-236
48 Zheng Shicheng, Wang Peizhen, Ge Lusheng. Study on improving output current waveform of photovoltaic grid-connected system. Industrial electronics and applications. 2006 1ST IEEE conference on may 2006:1-5
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