含亲水性链结构的聚苯乙烯基螯合吸附剂
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摘要
本文分别设计和制备了带有ⅰ)由聚乙二醇键联硫、氮杂环化合物形成的直链型,ⅱ)由聚二乙醇胺型和聚酰胺-胺型超支化分子形成的树枝型和交联网络型,ⅲ)由氨基葡萄糖形成的环型等四类亲水性链结构的功能基的交联聚苯乙烯基螯合吸附剂。采用红外光谱、元素分析、扫描电镜、孔径分析、光电子能谱等方法对吸附剂进行了表征;研究了其对常见重金属离子的吸附性能、吸附机理。提出了微环境结构体的概念;探讨了微环境结构体的结构特别是其中的亲水性链结构对吸附剂的性质及吸附行为的影响原理。
以不同链长的聚乙二醇、含硫聚乙二醇与杂环化合物2-氨基吡啶、2-氨基-5-甲硫基-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-氨基-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,制备了14种亲水性不同的含直链亲水性链结构的交联聚苯乙烯基螯合吸附剂。研究结果表明,与相应的无亲水性链结构的吸附剂相比,亲水性链结构的引入,能显著改善吸附剂的亲水性,从而使吸附剂对金属离子的吸附能力大大提高。
以发散合成法制备了含树枝链和交联网络两类亲水性链结构的聚苯乙烯负载低代数聚二乙醇胺型和聚酰胺-胺型超支化分子螯合吸附剂。研究结果表明,树枝链结构型吸附剂具有良好的亲水性,对Hg2+、Ag+和Cu2+具有较强的吸附能力,尤其是含硫的聚苯乙烯负载聚酰胺-胺型吸附剂,其对Hg2+和Ag+的吸附选择性较强。而随着超支化分子代数的增加而得到的交联网络结构型吸附剂对金属离子的吸附性能而有所降低。
将含有多羟基和氨基的壳聚糖水解产物-氨基葡萄糖负载到交联聚苯乙烯上,得到了具有环状亲水性链结构的吸附剂。对其吸附性能的研究表明,该吸附剂不仅可以有效地富集Au3+,同时还可以利用氨基葡萄糖的还原性,将吸附的Au3+缓慢还原成Au颗粒。
Four series of crosslinked polystyrene-based chelating adsorbents were synthesized in this thesis, which used S, N-containing heterocyclic compound via line-shaped polyethylene glycol, tree-shaped and network-shaped poly(diethanolamine) or poly(amido amine)‘dendrimer-like’hyperbranched molecule, and ring-shaped glucosamine as hydrophilic chain structure in functional groups, respectively. Fourier transform-infrared spectra, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, aperture analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize their structures. The adsorption capabilities and mechanism for common heavy metal ions of the adsorbents were studied. The conception“Micro-environmental Structure Part“was first present in the thesis and the effects of it especially the hydrophilic chain structure in it on the adsorption behaviors of the adsorbents were also researched.
The heterocyclic compounds such as 2-amion-pyridine, 2-amino-5-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadizole, 2-amino-5-ethyl- 1,3,4-thiadizole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole were used in the preparations. The adsorbents with different hydrophilicity were obtained by anchoring those heterocyclic compounds into PS matrix via hydrophilic chain structure. The results showed that the introduction of the hydrophilic chain structure can increase the hydrophilicity of the adsorbents. Accordingly, the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents towards metal ions increased compared with those having no hydrophilic chain structure.
The PS supported‘dendrimer-like’hyperbranched molecule chelating adsorbents having tree-shaped hydrophilic chain structure were synthesized by anchoring poly(diethanolamine) and poly(amido amine) into PS matrix using divergent method. The adsorption for metal ions was studied and the results showed that this series of adsorbents could adsorb Hg2+、Ag+ and Cu2+ effectively, especially the adsorbents that have S-containing spacer. But the adsorption capability of the network-shaped adsorbents which were obtained by the increase of the generation of hyperbranched molecule was inferior to that of tree-shaped group.
The adsorbent having ring-shaped hydrophilic chain structure was prepared by the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with glucosamine hydrochlorate. The adsorption results showed that the adsorbent had good adsorption and enrichment capacities for Au3+. Moreover, redox reaction occurred during the adsorption and Au3+ was reduced into Au particles.
以不同链长的聚乙二醇、含硫聚乙二醇与杂环化合物2-氨基吡啶、2-氨基-5-甲硫基-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-氨基-5-乙基-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,制备了14种亲水性不同的含直链亲水性链结构的交联聚苯乙烯基螯合吸附剂。研究结果表明,与相应的无亲水性链结构的吸附剂相比,亲水性链结构的引入,能显著改善吸附剂的亲水性,从而使吸附剂对金属离子的吸附能力大大提高。
以发散合成法制备了含树枝链和交联网络两类亲水性链结构的聚苯乙烯负载低代数聚二乙醇胺型和聚酰胺-胺型超支化分子螯合吸附剂。研究结果表明,树枝链结构型吸附剂具有良好的亲水性,对Hg2+、Ag+和Cu2+具有较强的吸附能力,尤其是含硫的聚苯乙烯负载聚酰胺-胺型吸附剂,其对Hg2+和Ag+的吸附选择性较强。而随着超支化分子代数的增加而得到的交联网络结构型吸附剂对金属离子的吸附性能而有所降低。
将含有多羟基和氨基的壳聚糖水解产物-氨基葡萄糖负载到交联聚苯乙烯上,得到了具有环状亲水性链结构的吸附剂。对其吸附性能的研究表明,该吸附剂不仅可以有效地富集Au3+,同时还可以利用氨基葡萄糖的还原性,将吸附的Au3+缓慢还原成Au颗粒。
Four series of crosslinked polystyrene-based chelating adsorbents were synthesized in this thesis, which used S, N-containing heterocyclic compound via line-shaped polyethylene glycol, tree-shaped and network-shaped poly(diethanolamine) or poly(amido amine)‘dendrimer-like’hyperbranched molecule, and ring-shaped glucosamine as hydrophilic chain structure in functional groups, respectively. Fourier transform-infrared spectra, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, aperture analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize their structures. The adsorption capabilities and mechanism for common heavy metal ions of the adsorbents were studied. The conception“Micro-environmental Structure Part“was first present in the thesis and the effects of it especially the hydrophilic chain structure in it on the adsorption behaviors of the adsorbents were also researched.
The heterocyclic compounds such as 2-amion-pyridine, 2-amino-5-methylthio-1,3,4-thiadizole, 2-amino-5-ethyl- 1,3,4-thiadizole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole were used in the preparations. The adsorbents with different hydrophilicity were obtained by anchoring those heterocyclic compounds into PS matrix via hydrophilic chain structure. The results showed that the introduction of the hydrophilic chain structure can increase the hydrophilicity of the adsorbents. Accordingly, the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents towards metal ions increased compared with those having no hydrophilic chain structure.
The PS supported‘dendrimer-like’hyperbranched molecule chelating adsorbents having tree-shaped hydrophilic chain structure were synthesized by anchoring poly(diethanolamine) and poly(amido amine) into PS matrix using divergent method. The adsorption for metal ions was studied and the results showed that this series of adsorbents could adsorb Hg2+、Ag+ and Cu2+ effectively, especially the adsorbents that have S-containing spacer. But the adsorption capability of the network-shaped adsorbents which were obtained by the increase of the generation of hyperbranched molecule was inferior to that of tree-shaped group.
The adsorbent having ring-shaped hydrophilic chain structure was prepared by the reaction of chloromethylated polystyrene with glucosamine hydrochlorate. The adsorption results showed that the adsorbent had good adsorption and enrichment capacities for Au3+. Moreover, redox reaction occurred during the adsorption and Au3+ was reduced into Au particles.
引文
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