胡柚皮化学成分及其活性研究
|
摘要
常山胡柚Citrus Changshan-huyou Y. B. Chang为芸香科植物柚Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck与甜橙Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck的杂交品种，主产于浙江省的常山、衢州、龙游、江山、开化等地，以常山为重点产区。本研究目的在于探明胡柚皮的化学成分的组成，对其药理及生物活性进行筛选，为第三代保健食品的开发提供可靠的理论基础，并为今后胡柚的分类及其皮的质量标准评价以及药理作用提供化学成分方面的依据，以便更好地综合开发和利用柑桔资源及发展我国传统中药。本研究的主要结果如下：
采用层析法(硅胶柱吸附层析、薄层层析、大孔树脂吸附层析、C-18反相柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析)从该种植物的果皮提取物中分离得到了33个化合物，通过1D-NMR，2D-NMR，Mass及IR光谱分析，鉴定了其中31个化合物的结构，2个为新化合物，其余29个化合物为首次从该种植物中分得，以二氢黄酮及其甙类——橙皮甙和柚皮甙为主要成分，其次是多甲氧基黄酮和柠檬苦素类化合物。从胡柚皮中分得的β-紫罗酮为具有13个碳原子的化合物，作为天然产物它们在自然界中不仅稀有而且含量也不丰富。
另外，通过采用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用(GC/MS/DS)技术，对胡柚皮中挥发性成分进行了分析，共检测鉴定出49种化合物，其中萜烯类化合物占主导地位，优势成分为苧烯(相对含量35.292％，分子量为136)。
对其挥发油及不同极性溶剂的提取物的药理活性研究表明胡柚皮挥发油具有较好的抗真菌活性，对石膏样毛癣菌和红色毛癣菌表现出了很高的敏感性，它们的MIC值分别为O.025μl/ml和0.00625μl/ml；胡柚皮中某些化合物对T、B淋巴细胞的增殖反应有抑制作用，且对T淋巴细胞增殖反应的抑制作用比对B淋巴细胞增殖反应的抑制作用具有广谱性，有效部位为氯仿部位；抗凝血作用效果不明显，不同浓度的测试物对血小板聚集无抑制效果，在临床上表现为无抗凝血作用。通过对胡柚皮粗提物、纯化合物及标准品的对照试验表明，黄酮类化合物作为自由基清除剂时存在构-效关系，不同样品对O_2~(?)的清除能力是清除·OH能力的10～50倍，胡柚皮中黄酮类化合物是一种良好的自由基清除剂。
通过利用二次旋转组合设计的方法探讨了常山胡柚皮中黄酮类化合物的最
佳提取工艺参数。结果表明：提取时间、料：液比、提取温度和乙醇浓度对提取
效果都有显著影响，影响最大的因素是提取时间，其次是料：液比，提取温度和
乙醇浓度对提取效果影响最小。提取效果随温度的升高、乙醇浓度的增加及提取
时间的延长而增加，随料：液比的增加而降低。最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度90％，
料：液比 1：5，提取时间门 分钟，提取温度 20’C，最大提取量为 1．98mg／ffil。
推荐的工业提取条件以乙醇浓度80％，料：液比为 1：8，提取温度50’C，提取
时间 100分钟为宜。
Citrus Changshan-huyou Y. B. Chang is a hybrid of Citrus grandis (Linn.) Osbeck and C. sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck in genus Citrus. It is widely distributed in Changshan^ Quzhou, Longyou> Jiangshan and Kaihua regions of Zhejiang province; with the greatest population being found in Changshan. The study was conducted to understand the chemical constituents from the Huyou peels. The objective was to screen the biological and pharmacological activities, develop new healthy foods and offer a chemical basis for evaluation of quality standards and pharmacological activities. It would serve as a basis for value-added development and utilization of citrus resources, as well as promote Chinese traditional medicine. The main results were as follows:
The chemical constituents of Huyou peels were studied systematically. 31 compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography and elucidated on the basis of various spectral analysis (1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS, IR etc.). Among the isolated compounds were 2 new compounds that have never been reported in natural products and organic synthesis. The other 29 compounds although having been isolated from other plants, were however isolated for the first time in this plant The flavanones and their glycosides-hesperidin and naringin-were the primary components粀hile polymethoxylated flavones and limonoids were the subsidiary components. P -ionone anague isolated from the Huyou peels has 13 carbons. It is rare and not abundant as a natural product in nature. It has never been reported in Citrus, and was therefore being isolated for the first time in Citrus.
The ideal extracting technology for flavonoids in peels was investigated by using quad ratio rotational combination designs. The results showed that extracting of flavonoids was significantly affected by time, ratio of material to solvent, temperature and alcohol contents. Extracting time was the primary condition, while the ratio of material to solvent was the second most important condition. Extracting was affected less by extracting temperature and alcohol contents than by other conditions. The
yield increased as the temperature, alcohol content and extension of extracting time increase; but decreased as the ratio of material to solvent increases. The best extracting conditions were 90% alcohol content, a ratio of 1 '5 material to solvent, 115 minutes and 20 ℃. The maximal extraction rate of the flavonoids was above 1.98mg/ml. The industrial extracting conditions that we recommend are 80% alcohol content, a 1 '. 8 ratio of material to solvent, 100 minutes and 50 ℃. extracting time and temperature respectively.
Another 49 chemical constituents of volatile oils (mostly terpenes) extracted from the Huyou peels were identified by using GC-MS-DS technique. The primary component was Limonene (relative content: 35.292%, molecular weight: 136).
In vitro, that the volatile oils have a manifest antibacterial and antifungal activities had been established. Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum are sensitive to the volatile oils. The MIC were 0.025Hl/ml and 0.00625W/ml. The results showed that some chemical constituents had good inhibitory effects for T cell and B cell proliferation reaction; making us conclude that the chloroform fraction was the immune bioactivities section. The effect of anti-cruor was not effective. Meanwhile, the study confirmed that the flavonoids extracted from the Huyou peels had the relationship of structure-effect as the scavenge reagents of free radicals. The ability of different samples scavenging O2- was 50 times that of scavenging ?OH . The flavonoids from the Huyou peels was effective scavenge reagents of free radicals.
This study can not only stimulate the development of citrus processing, but also enhance the comprehensive utilization of citrus by-products. It can stimulate a new approach for the valued-added utilization and development of citrus residues.
采用层析法(硅胶柱吸附层析、薄层层析、大孔树脂吸附层析、C-18反相柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析)从该种植物的果皮提取物中分离得到了33个化合物，通过1D-NMR，2D-NMR，Mass及IR光谱分析，鉴定了其中31个化合物的结构，2个为新化合物，其余29个化合物为首次从该种植物中分得，以二氢黄酮及其甙类——橙皮甙和柚皮甙为主要成分，其次是多甲氧基黄酮和柠檬苦素类化合物。从胡柚皮中分得的β-紫罗酮为具有13个碳原子的化合物，作为天然产物它们在自然界中不仅稀有而且含量也不丰富。
另外，通过采用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用(GC/MS/DS)技术，对胡柚皮中挥发性成分进行了分析，共检测鉴定出49种化合物，其中萜烯类化合物占主导地位，优势成分为苧烯(相对含量35.292％，分子量为136)。
对其挥发油及不同极性溶剂的提取物的药理活性研究表明胡柚皮挥发油具有较好的抗真菌活性，对石膏样毛癣菌和红色毛癣菌表现出了很高的敏感性，它们的MIC值分别为O.025μl/ml和0.00625μl/ml；胡柚皮中某些化合物对T、B淋巴细胞的增殖反应有抑制作用，且对T淋巴细胞增殖反应的抑制作用比对B淋巴细胞增殖反应的抑制作用具有广谱性，有效部位为氯仿部位；抗凝血作用效果不明显，不同浓度的测试物对血小板聚集无抑制效果，在临床上表现为无抗凝血作用。通过对胡柚皮粗提物、纯化合物及标准品的对照试验表明，黄酮类化合物作为自由基清除剂时存在构-效关系，不同样品对O_2~(?)的清除能力是清除·OH能力的10～50倍，胡柚皮中黄酮类化合物是一种良好的自由基清除剂。
通过利用二次旋转组合设计的方法探讨了常山胡柚皮中黄酮类化合物的最
佳提取工艺参数。结果表明：提取时间、料：液比、提取温度和乙醇浓度对提取
效果都有显著影响，影响最大的因素是提取时间，其次是料：液比，提取温度和
乙醇浓度对提取效果影响最小。提取效果随温度的升高、乙醇浓度的增加及提取
时间的延长而增加，随料：液比的增加而降低。最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度90％，
料：液比 1：5，提取时间门 分钟，提取温度 20’C，最大提取量为 1．98mg／ffil。
推荐的工业提取条件以乙醇浓度80％，料：液比为 1：8，提取温度50’C，提取
时间 100分钟为宜。
Citrus Changshan-huyou Y. B. Chang is a hybrid of Citrus grandis (Linn.) Osbeck and C. sinensis (Linn.) Osbeck in genus Citrus. It is widely distributed in Changshan^ Quzhou, Longyou> Jiangshan and Kaihua regions of Zhejiang province; with the greatest population being found in Changshan. The study was conducted to understand the chemical constituents from the Huyou peels. The objective was to screen the biological and pharmacological activities, develop new healthy foods and offer a chemical basis for evaluation of quality standards and pharmacological activities. It would serve as a basis for value-added development and utilization of citrus resources, as well as promote Chinese traditional medicine. The main results were as follows:
The chemical constituents of Huyou peels were studied systematically. 31 compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography and elucidated on the basis of various spectral analysis (1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS, IR etc.). Among the isolated compounds were 2 new compounds that have never been reported in natural products and organic synthesis. The other 29 compounds although having been isolated from other plants, were however isolated for the first time in this plant The flavanones and their glycosides-hesperidin and naringin-were the primary components粀hile polymethoxylated flavones and limonoids were the subsidiary components. P -ionone anague isolated from the Huyou peels has 13 carbons. It is rare and not abundant as a natural product in nature. It has never been reported in Citrus, and was therefore being isolated for the first time in Citrus.
The ideal extracting technology for flavonoids in peels was investigated by using quad ratio rotational combination designs. The results showed that extracting of flavonoids was significantly affected by time, ratio of material to solvent, temperature and alcohol contents. Extracting time was the primary condition, while the ratio of material to solvent was the second most important condition. Extracting was affected less by extracting temperature and alcohol contents than by other conditions. The
yield increased as the temperature, alcohol content and extension of extracting time increase; but decreased as the ratio of material to solvent increases. The best extracting conditions were 90% alcohol content, a ratio of 1 '5 material to solvent, 115 minutes and 20 ℃. The maximal extraction rate of the flavonoids was above 1.98mg/ml. The industrial extracting conditions that we recommend are 80% alcohol content, a 1 '. 8 ratio of material to solvent, 100 minutes and 50 ℃. extracting time and temperature respectively.
Another 49 chemical constituents of volatile oils (mostly terpenes) extracted from the Huyou peels were identified by using GC-MS-DS technique. The primary component was Limonene (relative content: 35.292%, molecular weight: 136).
In vitro, that the volatile oils have a manifest antibacterial and antifungal activities had been established. Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum are sensitive to the volatile oils. The MIC were 0.025Hl/ml and 0.00625W/ml. The results showed that some chemical constituents had good inhibitory effects for T cell and B cell proliferation reaction; making us conclude that the chloroform fraction was the immune bioactivities section. The effect of anti-cruor was not effective. Meanwhile, the study confirmed that the flavonoids extracted from the Huyou peels had the relationship of structure-effect as the scavenge reagents of free radicals. The ability of different samples scavenging O2- was 50 times that of scavenging ?OH . The flavonoids from the Huyou peels was effective scavenge reagents of free radicals.
This study can not only stimulate the development of citrus processing, but also enhance the comprehensive utilization of citrus by-products. It can stimulate a new approach for the valued-added utilization and development of citrus residues.
引文
恩思明格A H．1989．美国食品与营养百科全书选集(4)．营养学．北京：农业出版社．170-173．
冯宝民，裴月湖．2000．柚皮中的香豆素类化学成分的研究[I]．沈阳药科大学学报．17(4)：253-255．
胡春．1994A．黄酮类化合物抗氧化性质的研究---菊花生物抗氧化性及保健作用的研究．无锡轻工业大学博士学位论文．14-35，36-50．
胡春．1994B．黄酮类化合物抗氧化性质的研究---菊花生物抗氧化性及保健作用的研究．无锡轻工业大学博士学位论文．86-89．
胡春，丁霄霖．1996．黄酮类化合物在不同氧化体系中的抗氧化作用研究．食品与发酵工业．22(3)：46-53．
江苏新医学院编．1985．中药大词典．下册．上海科学技术出版社．1505．
焦家俊编著．2000．有机化学实验．上海交通大学出版社．86-89．
李成之．1992．现代免疫化学技术．上海：上海科学技术出版社．
林正奎，华映芳．中国特有沙田柚果皮精油化学成分研究．植物学报．1989．31(1)：73-76．
刘文粢等．1991．广陈皮化学成分的比较研究Ⅰ．挥发油的成分研究．中药材．14(3)：33．
马玉琪，梁彬，胡东荣等．1982．广东蛇药中水溶性部分有效成分的分离鉴定．中草药．13(5)：1-4．
毛晓明，张家庆．1993．槲皮素等中药提取物对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用[J]．中国中药杂志．18(10)：623-624．
尚崇厚主编．1987．中药化学(第一版)．上海：上海科学技术出版社．191-250．
沈洵等译．1980．光生物学．北京：科学出版社．
藤卷正生等编著．1989．香料科学(中译本)．轻工业出版社．
汪德清，沈文梅，田亚平等．1995．黄芪总黄酮对羟自由基所致哺乳动物细胞损伤的防护作用．中国中药杂志．20(4)：240-242．
王红，张为明．1993．银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的质量研究．中国野生植物资源．1：13-16．
萧兵，钟俊维编著．1985．农业多因素试验设计与统计分析．湖南科学技术出版社．332-367．
游佐武彦，松原义治，沢(刀 辶)昭义．1992．他甘夏柑果皮构造生理活性[J]．油化学．41(3)：55-57．
于德泉，杨峻山主编．1999年．《分析化学手册 第七分册-核磁共振波谱分析》(第二版)．化学工业出版社．北京．中国．43．
烷基中的C原子受到γ-位取代基的屏蔽，而导致~(13)C化学位移值变小，或者说有一个负取代基效应称γ效应．γ效应来源于CH键的空间诱导极化作用：即γ-C上氢原子和取代基在范德华半径内交盖，于是σ成键电子从H原子移向γ-C原子致使γ-c原子的电子密度较高而屏蔽(δCγ减小，δHγ增大)．这也适合于空间距离在范德华半径内的氢原子之间．γ效应对~(13)C化学位移的影响能够鉴别烯烃取代基的E-和Z-构型．
万素英等编著．2000．食品抗氧化剂．中国轻工业出版社．153-173．
王红，张卫明．1995．银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的质量研究．中国野生植物资源．(1)：13-16．
韦直，何业祺主编．《浙江植物志》．第三卷．1986，438页．浙江科学技术出版社．
吴应罴，李少娟．1988．用大孔吸附树脂分离柚甙．中草药．19(10)：20-21．
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会．1997．中国植物志．第43卷．第二分册．1-6．科学出版社
中国医学百科全书编委会．1987．中国医学百科全书：生物物理学．上海科技出版社．
张尔贤等．1993．油柑清除活性氧作用研究J．化学发光评价．自由基生命科学进展．第一集．118-122．
张红雨．1999．黄酮类抗氧化剂结构---活性关系的理论解释．中国科学(B辑)．29(1)：91-96．
张英．1995．竹叶保健功能因子的研究．无锡轻工业大学博士学位论文．133-134．
章竹君，吕九如．1991．发光分析．分析实验室．10(4)：102-115．
张卓然．1998．医学微生物实验学．科学出版社．
郑学钦，胡春．1997．用化学发光法检测芦丁等物质清除超氧阴离子自由基的作用．中国药学杂志．32(3)：140-142．
周博文，胡文雅，吴俊景．1993．化州橘红多糖的药用研究．中国药学杂志．28(3)：135-136．
Agrawal, P. K. et al. 1981. ~(13)C NMR spectroscopy of flavonoids~+. Heterocycles. 16: 2181.
Alberola, J., Casas, A., and Primo, E. 1967. Detection of adulteration in citrus juices. 10. Identification of sugars in orange juices and in commercial sucroses by gas liquid chromatography. Rev. Agroquim. Tecnol. Aliment. 7:476-482.
Alberola, J., and Primo, E. 1969. Detection of adulterations in citrus juices. XⅢ. Identification of amino acids in orange juices and in commercial citrus acids and sources. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 7: 56-62.
Alford A R. Bentley M D. 1986. Citrus limonoids as potential antifeedants for the syruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Econ. Entonol. 79: 35-38.
Alford, A. Randall; Murray, Kathleen D. 2000. Prospects for citrus limonoids in insect pest management. ACS Symp. Ser. 758:201-211.
A. M. El-Shafae and A. S. Soliman. 1998. A pyranocoumarin and two alkaloids (one with antispasmodic effect) from Citrus deliciosa. Pharmazie. 53:640-643.
Amarendra Patra. 1986. Carbon-~13 NMR signals of some simple coumarins~+. India Chem. Soc. 63: 417-419.
Andrews, R., Hough, L., Powell, D.B., and Woods, B.M. 1959. The composition of the alkali-stable polysaccharide of sufar beet pectin. J. Chem. Soc. 774-779.
Andrew TM, Motoharu J, Yukan F, et al. 1985. Isolation and structures of citropone A and B from citrus plant, first examples of naturally occurring homoacridone alkaloids, containing a tropone ring system. Tetrahedron letters. 26(26): 3271-3272.
Anon. 1982. Naringin, a bitter flavoring, available on high-purity grades. Food product Dev. 16(1): 29.
Antonio G. González, et al. 1994. 4,5-Dihydroblumenol A. a New Nor-Isoprenoid from PERROTTETIA MULTIFORA. Journal of Natural Products. 57(3): 400-402.
Aspinall, G.O. 1970. Pectins, plant gums, and other plant polysaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2B, W. Pigman, and D. Horton edited. Academic Press, New York.
Attaway, J. A. 1994. "Citrus juice flavonoids with anticarcinogenic and antitumor properties." In Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention I, ACS Symp. Ser. 546, M. T. Huang, T. Osawa, C. T. Ho, and R. T. Rosen, Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., Chap. 19. 240-248.
Averna, V. 1960. Nitrogen metabolism in vegetables. I. Free amino acids in various parts of citrus fruits. Conserve Deriv. Agrum. 9, 83-93.
Axelrod, B. 1947. Citrus fruit phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 167: 57-72.
Axelrod, B., Jang, R., and Lawrence, J.M. 1955. Glutamic acid decarboxylase of lemons and oranges. J. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 1039-1041.
Azzouz, M.A., Reineccius, G.A., and Moshonas, M.G. 1976. Comparison between cold-pressed and distilled lime oils through the application of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J. Food Sci. 41: 324-328.
Badria FA, El-ayer AM, El-Kashef HA. 1994. A potent heptoprotective agent from grapefruit. Alexandria J. Pharm. Sci. 8(3): 165-169.
Baier, W. E. 1947. Method for recovery of naringin, U. S. Pat. 2,421,063.
Baig, M. M. and Cerda, J. J. 1983. "Citrus pectic polysaccharides-Their in vitro interaction with low density serum lipoproteins." In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, I. Furda, Ed.,ACS Symp. Ser. 214, America Chemical Society. Washington, D. C. 185-190.
Baker, R. A. 1976. Clarification of citrus juices with polygalacturonic acid. J. Food Sci. 41:1198-1200.
Baker, R. A. 1994. Potential dietary benefits of citrus pectin and fiber, Food Technol. 48(11): 133-136, 138-139.
Baker, R.A., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1968. oxidation of ascorbic acid by enzyme preparations from orange. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 81: 269-275.
Bar, A. et al. 1990. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone: Properties and applications, Lebensm.-Wiss, u-Technol. 23(5): 371-376.
Bartholomew, E.T., and Sinclair, W.B. 1951. The Lemon Fruit: Its Composition, Physiology, and Products. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Basa SC, Tripathy RN. 1984. A new acridone alkaloid from Citrus decumana. Journal of Natural Product. 47(2): 325-330.
Beljanski, Mirko. 1990,1988. Virucidal composition comprising flavopereirine. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 373986 (C1. A61K35/78). 20 Jun. 1990, FR Appl. 88/15845, 02 Dec. 1988; 7pp.
Beljanski, Mirko. 1990,1988. Separation of naringin and naringenin from plant material as neoplasm inhibitors. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 352147 (C1. A61K31/35).24 Jan. 1990, FR Appl. 88/8434, 23 Jun. 1988;22pp.
Beljanski, M. 1992. Pharmaceutical composition and method of use, U. S. Pat. 5,145,839.
Bellevue, F.H., Woster, P.M., Edwards, D.J.,He, K., and Hollenberg, P.F. 1997. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin(6',7'-DHB), a naturally occurring inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 7: 2593-2598.
Benavente-Garcia, Obdulio; Castillo, Julian: Marin, Francisco R.; Ortuno, Ana; Del Rio, Jose A. 1997. Uses and properties of Citrus flavonoids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(12): 1505-1515.
Ben-Aziz, A. 1967. Nobiletin is main fungistat in tangerines resistant to Mal Secco. Science. 155,1026-1027.
Benezet, L., and Igolen, G. 1946. n-Octanal, the main aldehyde of the essence of sweet oranges from French Guinea. Bull. Soc. Chim. 359-361.
Bennett, R.D. 1971. Acidic limonoids of grapefruit seeds. Phytochemistry 10: 3065-3068.
Bentley M D. Rajab M S. Mendal M J et al. 1990. Limonoids model insect antifeedants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1400-1403.
Bernhard, R.A. 1958. Examination of lemon oil by gas-partition chromatography. Food Res. 23, 213-216.
Bernhard, R.A. 1960. Analysis and composition of oil of lemon by gas-liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 3:471-476.
Bernhard, R.A. 1961. Citrus flavor. Volatile constituents of the essential oil of the orange. J. Food Sci. 26:401-411.
Blake, J. R., Knutson, R. K. and Strommer, D. L. 1982. Composition for aerated frozen desserts containing fruit puree and method of preparation, U. S. Pat. 4,335,155.
Blakemore, S. M. 1962. Puree and method of making same, U. S. Pat. 3,031,307.
Bogin, E., and Wallace, A. 1966A. CO_2 fixation in preparations from Tunisian sweet lemons and Eureka lemon fruits. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88:298-307.
Bogin, E., and Wallace, A. 1966B. Organic acid synthesis and accumulation in sweet and sour lemon fruits. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 89:182-194.
Braverman, J.S. 1933. The chemical composition of the orange. Hadar 6:62-65.
Braverman, J.B.S. 1949. Citrus Products. Interscience Publishers, New York.
Bren φe, C. 1971. Research studies of the distribution of free amino acids and other compounds in orange fruits picked in Greece during the period January to Marsh 1968 and collected during the period January to March 1969. Husholdingsradets Tekniske Meddelelser 9:15-59.
Breslau, B. F., Pensenstauler, D. F. and Mitchell, W. G. 1976. The recovery of sugar from citrus press liquor by ultrafiltration, Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf. 22:53-74.
Bruemmer, J.H., and Roe, B. 1971A. Substrate specificity of citrus alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:266-268.
Bruemmer, J.H., and Roe, B. 1971B. Regulation of NAD oxidoreductase in oranges. Phytochemistry 10:255-259.
Buchel, J. A. 1989. Flavoring witth citrus oils, Perf. Flavorist. 14(1):22-26.
Calomme, Mario; Pieters, Luc; Vlietnick, Arnoid; Vanden Berghe, Dirk. 1996. Inhibition of bacterial mutagenesis by Citrus flavonoids. Planta Med. 62(3): 222-226.
Calvarano, I., Bovalo, F., and di Giacomo, A. 1974. Clemintine essential oil. Atti Ⅲ. Conveyno Nazionale. Olii Essenz. Deriv. Agrum. 1-2, 43-49.
Cantagalli, P., Forconi, V., Gagnoni, G., and Pieri, J. 1972. Immunochemical behaviour of the proteins of the orange. J. Sci. Food Agric. 23:905-910.
Cameron, K., et al. 2000. Purification and characterization of a Beta-glucosidase from Citrus Sinensis Var. Valencia fruit tissue. J. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (Publication request approval date: December 6,2000).
Cao G, Sofic E. ,Prior R L. 1997. Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: structure-activity relationships. Free Radical Biol. Med. 22:749-760.
Chace, E. M. 1922. By-products from citrus fruit, USDA Circular No. 232, Washington, D. C.
Chace, E. M. ,von Loesecke, H. W. and Heid, J. L. 1940. Citrus fruit products, USDA Circular No. 577, Washington, D. C.
Chanda, S.K., Hirst, E.L., and Perceval, E.G.V. 1951. The constitution of pear cell-wall xylan. J. Chem. Soc. 1240-1246.
Chandler, B. V. and Robertson, G. L. 1983. The solubility of limonin, the bitter principle of orange juice, J. Sci. Food. Agric. 84: 1272-1284.
Chang, M. L. W. 1983. "Dietary Pectin: Effect on metabolic processes in rats."In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, I. Furda, Ed. ,ACS Symp. Ser. 214, America Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Chap. 11. 185-190.
Chapman & Hall Number FYJ81-E CAS Registry Number: 203928-00-1. Type of Compound Code(s): VT1550.
Chasimir, D. J. 1983. Counter-current extraction of soluble solids from foods. CSIRO Food Res. Quarterly. 53:38.
Cheetham, P. S. J. and Quail, M. A. 1991. Process for preparing L-rhamnose. U.S.Pat.5,077,206. Curl, A.L., and Veldhuis, M.K. 1948. The composition of sugars in Florida Valencia orange juice, Fruit Prod. J. 27: 342-343,361.
Chen, C. S. and Chen, W. A. 1998. Method for producing ready to pour frozen concentrated clarified fruit juice, fruit juice produced thereform, and high solids fruit product, U. S. Pat. 5,756,141.
Chen, Yuting; Zheng, Rongliang; Jia, zhongjian; Ju, Yong. 1990. Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants. Free Radical Biol. Med. 9(1):19-21.
Chihiro Ito, Kazuko Fujiwara, Mayumi Kajita, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Yuko Takemura, Yoshiko Suzuki, Kiyoko Tanaka, Mitsuo Omura and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1991. New coumarins from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(10):2509-2513.
Chihiro Ito, Mayumi Nakagawa, Mami Inoue, Yuko Takemura, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mitsuo Omura and hiroshi Furukawa. 1993. A new biscoumarin from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(9):1657-1658.
Clark, J.R., and Bernhard, R.A. 1960A. Examination of lemon oil by gas-liquid chromatography. Ⅱ. The hydrocarbon fraction. Food Res. 25:389-394.
Clark, J.R., and Bernhard, R.A. 1960B. Examination of lemon oil by gas-liquid chromatography. Ⅲ. The oxygenated fraction. Food Res. 25:731-738.
Clark, R.B., and Wallace, A. 1963. Dark CO2 fixation in orange acid synthesis and accumulation in citrus fruit vesicles. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 83:322-332.
Clements, R.L. 1964. Organic acids in citrus fruits. I. Varietal differences. J. Food Sci. 29: 276-280.
Clements, R.L. 1966. Disc electrophoresis of citrus fruit proteins. Phytochemistry 5:243-249.
Clements, R.L., and Leland, H.V. 1962. An ion-exchange study of the free amino acids in the juices of six varieties of citrus. J. Food Sci. 27:20-25.
Coleman, R. L. 1975. d-Limonene as a degreasing agent, Citrus Ind. May. 56(11):23-25.
Connolly, J.D., Overton, K.H., and Polonsky, J. 1970. The chemistry and biochemistry of the limonoids and quassinoids. In Progress in Phytochemistry, Vol. 2, L. Reinhold, and Y. Liwschitz (Editors). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Coulson, D.M., Crowell, W.R., and Freiss, S.L. 1950. Polarography of reduced glutathione and glutathione-ascorbic acid mixtures. Amperometric method for determination of ascorbic acid. Anal. Chem. 22:525-529.
Croweil, P. L. ,Chang, R. R. ,Ren, Z. ,Elson, C. E. and Gould, M. N. 1991. Selective inhibition of isoprenylation of 21-26 Kda proteins by the anticarcinogen d-limonene and its metabolities, J. Biol. Chem. 266(26):17679-17685.
Cruse, R. R. and Lime, B. J. 1970. How to make whole citrus fruit puree, Food Eng. 42(6): 109-112, 115, 116.
Curl, A.L. 1965. The occurrence of β-citraurin and β-apo-8'-carotenal in the peels of California tangerines and oranges. J. Food Sci. 30:13-18.
Curl, A.L. 1967. Apo-10'-violaxanthal, new carotenoid from Valencia orange peels. J. Food Sci. 32:141-143.
Das, A., and Rao, C. V. N. 1965. Constitution of the glucan from mango, Mangifera indica L.2. Barry degradation studies. Aust. J. Chem. 18:845-850.
Das, N.P. and Pereira, T.A. 1990. Effects of flavonoids on thermal autoxidation of palm oil: structure-activity relationships. J.Am. Oil chem. Soc. 67(4): 255-258.
David M, Pavaj PK, John BS. 1987. Coumarins glycosides from Citrus flavedo. Phytochemistry. 26(9):2547-2549.
Davis, W.B. 1942. The distribution and preparation of citrus peroxidase. Am. J. Bot. 29: 252-254.
Davis, W.B. 1947. Determination of flavanones in citrus fruit. Anal. Chem. 19: 476-478.
Del. Rio, J.A. et al. 1998. Citrus polyimethoxylated flavones can confer resistance against phytophthora citrophthora, penicillium digitation and Geotrichum sp. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46: 4423-4428.
Dische, Z. 1947.A new specific color reaction of hexuronic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 167: 189-198.
Doesburg, J.J. 1965. Pectic substances in fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables. I.B.V.T. Commun. 25, Inst. Res. Storage Process. Hortic. Produce, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Doesburg, J.J. 1973. The pectic substances. In phytochemistry, The Process and Products of Photosynthesis. Vol. 1. E.P. Miller(Editor). Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Dreyer, D.L. 1965. Citrus bitter principles. Ⅲ. Isolation of deacetylnomilin and deoxylimonin. J. Org. Chem. 30:749-751.
Dreyer, D.L. 1966. Citrus bitter principles. Ⅵ. Ichangin. J. Org. Chem. 31:2279-2281.
Dreyer, D.L. 1968. Limonoid bitter principles. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 26:190-244.
Eckhard W., Sylvia S., James N. and George Y. 1989. External of Leaf Flavonoids of POLANISIA TRACHYSPERMA. Phytochemistry. 28(1):303-305.
Ehrlich, J. R. and Hess, H. 1985. Beverages obtained from alcoholic treatment of roasted citrus fruit peels, U. S. Pat. 4,497,842.
Elgamal M. H. A. et al. 1979.~(13)C NMR chemical shifts and carbon-proton coupling constants of some furocoumarins and furochromones. Phytochemistry. 18:139-143.
El-Sayed, S.T.; Jwanny, E. W.; Salem, A. M.; Mabrouk, N.A.; Shehata, A. N. 2001. Bioactivity of Egyptian orange(Citrus sinensis) peel against some microorganisms. Al-Azhar J. Microbiol. 51:83-98.
Elsbury, J. 1932. The preparation of candied peel. Food Manufact. 7:237-239.
Elson, C. E. and Yu, S. G. 1994. The chemoprevention of cancer by mevalonate-derived constituents of fruits and vegetables. J. Nutr. 124(5): 607-614.
Emerson, O.H. 1948. The bitter principles of citrus fruit. Ⅰ. Isolation of nimolin, a new bitter principle from the seeds of oranges and lemons. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70:545-549.
Emerson, O.H. 1951. Bitter principles of citrus. Ⅱ. Relation of nomilin and obacunone. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73:2621-2623.
EPA. 1998. www. epa.gov/docs/REDs/3083.
Federal Register. 1994. d-Limonene. Tolerance exemption, 40CFR Part 180, Fed. Reg., Vol59. No. 89. May 10, 24055.
Feeney, R. D., Prosise, R. L. ,McGrade, J.,Niehoff, R. L. and Volker, D. A. 1988. Process for making brownies containing cellulosic fiber. U. S. Pat. 4,774,099.
Felicia V.; Guthrie, Najla; Chambers, Ann F.; Moussa, Madeleine; Carroll, Kenneth K. 1996. Inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and delay of mammary tumorigenesis by flavonoids and citrus juices. Nutr. Cancer. 26(2):167-181.
Fernandez-Flores, E., Kline, D.A., and Johnson, A.R. 1970. GLC Determination of organic acids in fruits and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 53:17-20.
Finan, P.A., and O'Colla, P.S. 1958. Composition of beet araban. Chem. Ind. 493-494.
Flath, R.A., Lundin, R.E., and Teranishi, R. 1966. The structure of β-sinensal. Tetrahedron Lett. 295-302.
Foote, P.A., and Gelpi, R.Z. 1943. Florida volatile oils. Ⅳ. Sweet orange. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 32:145-148 (CA. 37, 4858).
Gaddum, L.W. 1934. The pectic constituents of citrus fruits. Univ. Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 268.
Galati, Enza M.; Trovato, Ada; kirjavainen, Sinikka; Forestieri, Anna M,; Rossitto, Alfina; Monforte, M. 1996. Teresa Biological effects of hesperidin, a Citrus flavonoid. (Note Ⅲ): Antihypertensive and diuretic activity in rat. Farmaco. 51(3):219-221.
Gaydou, E.M.,Bianchini, J.P. 1987. Orange and madarin peel oil differentiation using polymethoxylated flavone composition. Journal of Agriucltural and Food Chemistry. 35:525-529.
Gepshtain, A., and Lifshitz, A. 1970. Organic acids of oranges juice. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 3.No. 6: 115-117.
Glicksman, M., Frost, J. R., Silverman, J. E. and Heyedus, E. 1985. Process for preraring a high quality, reduced-calorie cake, U. S, Pat. 4,526,799.
Goodwin, T.W., and Goad, L.J. 1970. Carotenoids and triterpenoids. In The Biochemistry of Fruit and Their Products, Vol. 1, A.C. Hulme (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Goren, R., and Goldschmidt, E.E. 1966. Peroxidase activity in citrus tissues. Phytochemistry 5:153-159.
Goren, R., and Monselise, S.P. 1965. Interrelations of hesperidin, some other natural components and certain enzyme systems in developing Shamouti orange fruits. J. Hortic. Sci. 40: 83-99.
Greenwood, C.T. 1970. Starch and glycogen. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2B, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editor). Academic Press. New York.
Grohmann, K., Manthey, J., and Cameron, R. 1999. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of hesperidin at elevated temperatures. Carbohydrate Research. (Publication request approval date: September 24, 1999).
Gross, J., Carmon, M., Lifshitz, A., and Sklarz, B. 1975. Structure elucidation of some orange juice carotenoids. Phytochemistry 14: 249-252.
Guengerich, F. Peter; Kim, Dong Hyun. 1990. In vitro inhibition of dihydropyridine oxidation and aflatoxin B1 activation in human liver microsomes by naringenin and other flavonoids. Carcinogenesis (London). 11(12): 2275-2279.
Guenther, E. 1949. The Essential Oils, Vol. Ⅲ. D. Van Nostrand Book Co., New York.
Guenther, E.S., and Grimm, C.H. 1938. Identification of citral in California orange oil. J. Am. Chem. Soc.60, 933-934.
Guthrie, N.; Morley, K.; Hasegawa, Shin; Manners, Gary D.; Vandenberg, T. 2000. Inhibition of human breast cancer cells by citrus limonoids. ACS Symp. Ser. 758: 164-174.
Guzman, L.H., and Huet, R. 1970. The essential oil of lime in Mexico. Fruits 25: 887-899.
Hartmann, B.G., and Hillig, F. 1934. Acid constituents of food products: Special reference to citric, malic, and tartaric acids. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 17: 522-531.
Hasegawa, S., and Maier, V.P. 1970. Biosynthesis of trans-cinnamate from phenylpyruvate and L-glutamate by cell-free extracts of grapefruit. Phytochemistry 9: 2483-2487.
Hasegawa, S., Maier, V.P., and Bennett, R.D. 1974. Detection of limonoate dehydrogenase activity in albedo tissues of Citrus sinensis. Phytochemistry 13: 103-105.
Hassid, W.Z., and Ballou, C.E. 1957. Oligosaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, W. Pigman(Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Hendrickson, R. and Kesterson, J. W. 1954. Recovery of citrus glycosides, Proc. FL. State Hort. Soc. 67: 199-203.
Hendrickson, R. and Kesterson, J. W. 1956. Glucoside azo dyestuffs. U. S. Pat. 2,748,107.
Hendrickson, R..and Kesterson, J. W. 1964. Hesperidin in Florida orange, FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No.683. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Hendrickson, R. and Resterson J. W. 1964. Hesperidin in Florida orange, FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull No. 683. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Herbst, E.J., and Snell, E.E. 1949. Putrescine and related compounds as growth factors for Hemophilus parainfluenzae 7901. J. Biol. Chem. 181: 47-54.
Higby, R. H. 1947. Methods for recovery of flavanone glycosides. U. S. Pat. 2,400,693.
Hijiya, H. and Miyake, T. 1997. α-Glycosl hesperidin and its uses. U. S. Pat. 5,627,157.
Hinton, C.L. 1939. Fruit pectins. Their chemical behaviour and jelling properties. Dep. Sci. Ind. Res. Spec. Rep. 48, London.
Hirst, E.L., Isherwood, F.A., Jerman, M.A., and Jones, J.K.N. 1949. Pear cell-wall cellulose. J. Chem. Soc. (Suppl.1)S182-184.
Hiwatari, Y. 1927. The nitrogenous components from the fruit of Citrus grandis Osbeck, form. Buntsn Hayat. J. Biochem. 7:169-173.
Hoefler, A. C. Sleap, J. A. and Trudso, J. E. 1993. Fat Substitute. U. S. Pat. 5,192,575.
Horano, T., Abe, K. et al. 1995. Citrus flavone tangeretin inhibits leukaemic HL-60 cell growtll partially through indiution of apotopsis with less cytotoxicity on normal lymphocytes. British Journal of cancer. 72:1380-1388.
Horowitz, R. M. and Gentili, B. 1977. "Flavonoids constituents of citrus." In Citrus Science and Technology, Vol. 1, S. Nagy, P. E. Shaw, and M. K. Veldhuis Eds. AVI, Westport, CT, Chap. 10, 110-207.
Hsu, A. C., Hasegawa, S., Maier, V.P., and Bennett, R.D. 1973.17-Dehydrolimonoate A-ring lactone, a possible metabolite of limonoate A-ring lactone in citrus fruits. Phytochemistry 12:563-567.
Huang SC, Chen MT, Wu TS. 1989. Alkaloids and coumarins from stem bark of Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 28(12):3574-3576.
Huet, R. 1982. Constituents of citrus fruits with pharmacodynamic effect: Citroflavoncids. Fruits. 37:267-271.
Huffaker, R.C., and Wallace, A. 1959. Dark fixation of CO_2 in homogenates from citrus leaves, fruits, and roots. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 74:348-356.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1964A. 2,4-p-Menthadiene. A new monoterpene from Valencia orange oil. J. Org. Chem. 29:498.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1964B. A rapid method for isolation and identification of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in cold-pressed grapefruit oil. Anal. Chem. 36:1122-1123.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1965A. Terpenes and sesquiterpenes in cold-pressed orange oil. J. Food Sci. 30:1-4.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1965B. Analysis of the terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in some citrus oils. J. Food Sci. 30:383-387.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Moshonas, M.G. 1965. Isolation and identification of alcohols in cold-pressed Valencia orange oil by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography. Anal. Chem. 37:378-380.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Moshonas, M.G. 1966. Analysis of alcohols in essential oils of grapefruit, lemon, lime and tangerine. J. Food Sci. 31:167-171.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Parks, G.L. 1964. Isolation of β-elemene from orange oil. J. Food Sci. 29:25-26.
Ikeda, R.M., Rolle, L.A., Vannier, S.H., and Stanley, W.L. 1962A. Isolation and identification of aldehydes in cold-pressed lemon oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 10:98-102.
Ikeda, R.M., Stanley, W.L., Rolle, L.A., and Vannier, S.H. 1962B. Monoterpene hydrocarbon composition of citrus oils. J. Food Sci. 27:593-596.
Isherwood, F.A. 1970. Hexosans, pentosans and gums. In The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vol. 1, A.C. Hulme(Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Itoch, T. et al. 1981. Co-occurrence of chondriliasterol and spinasterol in two cucurbitaceae seeds as showm by ~(13)C NMR. Phytochemistry. 20(4):761-764.
Itoigawa, M., Takeya, K. et al. 1994. Cardiotonic flavonoids from citrus plants (Rutaceae). Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17:1519-1521.
Jagroop S. Dahiya. 1991. Pentacyclic triterpenes from the fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytochemistry. 30(4):1235-1237.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Balls, A.K. 1952. Citrus amino peptidase. Fed. Proc. 11:236.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Balls, A.K. 1958. Citrus aminopeptidases. Arch. Biochem. 76:461-473.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Balls, A.K. 1960. Orange pectinesterase binding and its activity. Food Res. 25:64-72.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Mac Donnell, L.R. 1947. Citrus acetylesterase. Arch. Biochem. 15:415-431.
Jansen, E.F., MacDonnell, L.R., and Ward, W.H. 1949. The minimum size for the structural unit of pectin. Arch. Biochem. 21:149-157.
Jayaprakashk, G. K.; Singh, R. P.; Pereira, J.; Sakariah, K. K. 1997. Lomonoids from Citrus reticulata and their moult inhibiting activity in mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Phytochemistry. 44(5):843-846.
J. B. Harborne and T. J. Mabry. Edited. 1986.The Flavonoids Advances in Research. P458. CHAPMAN & HALL.
Johnson. T. M. 1994. Trends in citrus processing. Citrus Ind. Mag. 75(6):42,45,48,50.
Joseph, G. H. 1955. Pectic substances in the food industries. In The Use of Sugars and other Carbohydrates in the Food Industry, Series 12, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Joslyn, M.A. 1962. The chemistry of protopectin: A critical review of historical data and recent developments. In Advances in Food Research, Vol.1, C.O. Chichester, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart(Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Joslyn, M.A. 1962. The chemistry of protopectin: A critical review of historical data and recent developments. In Advances in Food Research, Vol.11, C.O. Chichester, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart(Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Joslyn, M.A., and Phaff, H.J. 1947. Recent advances in the chemistry of the pectic substances. Wallerstein Lab. Commun. 10:39-56.
J. P. Kutney and G. Eigendorf. 1969. Mass spectral fragmentation studies of triterpenes related to serratenediol~(12). Tetrahedron. 25:3753-3766.
Kakiuchi, N., and Ito, S. 1971. Fundamental studies on citrus juices. Ⅱ. Seasonal changes of organic acids and sugars of Natsudaidai and Fukuhara orange. Engei Shikenjo Hokoku, Ser. B 11:101-117.
Kazuya KosuGE, Katsuyoshi Mitsunaga, Kazuo Koike, and Taichi Ohmoto. 1994. Studies on the Constituents of Ailanthus integrifolia. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 42(8):1669-1671.
Kefford, J.F. 1959. The chemical constituents of citrus fruits. In Advances in Food Research, Vol. 9, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Kefford, J.F., and Chandler, B.V. 1970. The Chemical Constituents of Citrus Fruits. In Advances in Food Research, Suppl. 2, C.O. Chichester, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Kenneth R. Markham et al.1990. Kaempferol 3-O-Sophoroside-7-O-α-L-Arabinofuranoside, Neohesperidosides and other Flavonoids from the Pyrrosia Serpens. Phytochemistry. 29(12):3919-3920.
Kertesz, Z.I. 1951. The Pectic Substances. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Kertesz, Z.I., and Lavin, M. 1954. On the determination of acetyl groups in pectic substances. Food Rev. 19:627-632.
Kesterson, J. W. and Hendrickson, R. 1953. Naringin, a bitter principle of grapefruit, Fl Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 511, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1962. The composition of Valencia orange oil as related to fruit maturity. Am. Perfum. Cosmet. 77:21-24.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1963. Evaluation of cold-pressed Marsh grapefruit oil. Am.Perfum. Cosmet. 78:32-35.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1964. A comparison of red and white grapefruit oils. Am. Perfum. Cosmet. 79:34-36.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1967. Curing Florida grapefruit oils. Am. Perfum. Cosmet. 82:37-40.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R., and Braddock, R.J. 1971. Florida citrus oils. Univ. Fla. Inst. Food Agric. Sci. Bull. 749.
Khan, M.U.D., and Mackinney, G. 1953. Carotenoids of grapefruit. Plant Physiol. 28:550-552.
Kim, Chang Johng; Chung, Jin Mo. 1990. Pharmacological activities of flavonoids(Ⅰ). Relationships between the chemical structure of flavonoids and their inhibitory activity against hypersensitivities. Yakhak Hoechi. 34(5):348-364.
Kirchner, J.G. 1961. Oils in peel, juice sac and seed. In The Orange, W.B. Sinclair (Editor). Univ. of California Press, Riverside.
Kirchner, J.G., and Miller, J.M. 1953. Volatile oil constituents of grapefruit juice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1:512-518.
Kirchner, J.G., and Miller, J.M. 1957. Volatile water-soluble and oil constituents of Valencia orange juice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 5:283-291.
Kloke, James A.; Kubo, Isav. 1982. Citrus limonoid by-products as insect control agents. Eutomol. Exp. Appl, 32(3):299-301.
Kubota, S., Fukui, H., and Anao, S. 1972. Free amino acids, organic acids, and sugars in citrus juices. Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn. 24:97-107.
Kugler, E., and Kovats, E. 1963. Information on mandarin peel oil Helv. Chim. Acta 46:1480-1513.
Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo; Yokoi, Katsumi. 1985. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoid glycosides in Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb.) peelings. Nippon Nogei Kayaku Kaishi. 59(7):683-687.
Kung, J.F., Bambara, P., and Perkins, F., JR. 1959. Gas chromatographic analysis of lemon oil. Abstr. 136th Meeting, Am. Chem. Soc., Atlantic City, N.J.
Lam LK, Hasegawa S. 1989. Inhibition of benzo[α]pyrene-induced forstomach neoplasia in mice by citrus limonoids. Nutr. Cancer. 12(1):43-47.
Lam L. K. T., Li Y. Nasegawa S. 1989. Effect of citrus limonoids on glutathione S-transferase activity in mice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:878-880.
Lam L. K. T., Zhang, J. Hasegawa, S. 1994. Citrus limonoid reduction of chemically induced tumorigenesis. Food Technol. 48(11):104-108.
Leeper, G.F. 1973. Pectin ultrastructure. 1. Pectate elementary fibrils. J. Texture Stud. 4, 248-253.
Lifshitz, A., Stanley, W.L., and Stepak, Y. 1970. Comparison of Valencia essential oil from California, Florida and Israel. J. Food Sci. 35:547-548.
Lime, B.J., Stephens, T.S., and Griffiths, F.P. 1954. Processing characteristics of colored Texas grapefruit.Ⅰ. Color and maturity studies of Ruby Red grapefruit. Food Technol. 8:566-569.
Lund, E.D., and Bryan, W.L. 1976. Composition of lemon oil distilled from commercial mill waste. J. Food Sci. 41:1194-1197.
Lund, E.D., Coleman, R.L., and Moshonas, M.G. 1970. Nootkatene from citrus sinensis. Phytochemistry. 9:2419-2422.
MacLeod, W.D., and Buigues, N.M. 1964A. Sesquiterpenes. I. Nootkatone, a new grapefruit flavor constituents. J. Food Sci. 29:565-568.
MacLeod, W.D., and Buigues, N.M. 1964B. Lemon oil sesquiterpenes. Abstr. 147th Meeting, Am.Chem. Soc., Philadelphia, Pa.
Maier, V.P., and Hasegawa, S. 1970. L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and naringenin glycoside accumulation in developing grapefruit. Phytochemistry 9:139-144.
Maier, V.P., Hasegawa, S., and Hera, E. 1969. Limonin D-ring-lactone hydrolase. A new enzyme from citrus seeds. Phytochemistry 8:405-407.
Maier, V.P., and Margileth, D.A. 1969. Limonoic acid A-ring lactone, a new limonin derivative in Citrus. Phytochemistry 8:243-248.
Mak, Nai ki; Wong-Leung, Yee Ling; Chan, Shuk Chong; Wen, Sianming; Leung, Kwok Nam;Fung, Ming Chui. 1996. Isolation of anti-leukemia compounds from Citrus reticulata. Life Sci. 58(15):1269-1276.
Malachi, T., Gross, J., Lifshitz, A., and Sklarz, B. 1974. Flavedo carotenoid pigments of the ripe Washington Davel orange. Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. 7:330-334.
Mannapperuma, J. D. 1996. "Residual management in fruit processing plants." In Processing Fruits: Science and Technology, Vol1. Biology Principles and Applications, L. P.Somogyi et al. Chap. 15.461-499.
Manthey, J. 2000. Biological properties of flavonoids pertaining to inflammation. Microcirculation. (Publication request approval date: September 8,2000).
Manthey, J.A. and Grohmann, K. 1996. Concentrations of hesperidin and other orange peel flavonoids in citrus processing byproducts. J.Agric. Food chem.. 44(3):811-814.
Manthey, J., and Grohmann, K. 2000. Phenols in citrus peel byproducts. Concentration of hydroxycinnamates and polymethoxylated flavones in citrus peel molasses. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (Publication request approval date:December 27,2000)
Manthey, J.; Guthrie, N. and Grohmann, K. 2000. Biological properties of citrus flavonoids pertaining to cancer and inflammation. Current Medicinal Chemistry. (Publication request approval date: February 14,2000)
Manthey, N., and Guthrie, N. 2001. Antiproliferative activities of citrus flavonoids against 6 human cancer cell lines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (Publication request approval date: December 17,2001).
Markham, K. R. et al. 1982. The Flavonoids: Advances in Research. P19-134. Chapman & Hall, London, New York.
Masuda, Toshiya; Muroya, Yukari; Nakatani, Nobuji. 1992. Coumarin constituents of the juice oil from Citrus hassaku and their spasmolytic activity. Biosic. Biotechnol. Biochem. 56(8):1257-1260.
Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Sawabe, Akiyoshi; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo. 1985A. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoids in citrus fruit peels. Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu. 27:702-709.
Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Yonemoto, Hiroyuki; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo; Yokoi, Katsumi. 1985B. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoid glycosides in sudachi peelings. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi. 59(4): 405-410.
Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Murakami, Tetsuo; Okamoto, Kozo; Miyake, Hideo; Yokoi, Katsumi. 1985C. Studies on physiologically active substances in citrus peel. Part Ⅱ. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoid glycosides in Citrus unshiu peelings. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49(4):909-914.
Matta, G. B. 1985. d-Limonene based aqueous cleaning composition, U. S. Pat. 4,511,488.
McBride, J. J. 1990. Limonene---a versatile chemical, Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf, 36:72-80.
McCready, R.M. 1970. Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides. In Methods in Food Analysis, 2nd Edition, M.A. Joslyn(editor). Academic Press, New York.
McCready, R.M., and Gee, M. 1960. Determination of pectic substances by paper chrosmatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 8:510-513.
McCready, R.M., and Seegmiller, C.G. 1954. Action of pectic enzymes on oligogalacturonic acids and some of their derivatives. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 50:440-450.
McCready, R.M., Walter, E.D., and Maclay, W.D. 1950. Sugars of citrus juices. Food Technol. 4:19-20.
Menchikovsky, F., and Popper, S. 1932. Organic acids in Palestine grapefruit. Hadar 5:181-183.
Mendal, Michael J.; Alford, A. Randall; Rajab, Mohamed S.; Bentley, Michael D. 1993. Relationship of citrus limonoid structure to feeding deterrence against fall armyworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)larvae. Environ. Entomol. 22(1):167-173.
Merck.1996. The Merck Index on CD-Rom, 12thed.,Version 12:1, Chapman & Hall. New York.
Middleton, Elliott, Jr; Kandaswami, Theoharides, Theoharis C. 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52(4):673-751.
Miller E G. Flanous R. Rivera-Hidalgo F et al. 1989. The effect of citrus limonoids on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 10:1535-1537.
Mills, S. H. and Tarr, R. E. 1992. Fruit juice plus citrus fiber from pulp, U. S. Pat. 5,162,128.
Ming TC, Lin LH, Wu TS. 1992. Antiplatelet actions of some coumarin compounds isolated from plant sources. Thromb Res. 66(5):549-557.
Minutilli, F., and Albanese, F. 1958. Quantitative determination of carbohydrates in fruit juices by ion-exchange chromatography. Rass. Chim. 10:14-16.
Mitchell, J. R. ,Buckley, K. and Burrows, I. E. 1979. Food binding agent, U. S. Pat. 4,143,172.
Miyake, Yoshiaki; Yamamoto, Kanefumi; Tsujihara, Nobuko; Osawa, Toshihiko. 1998. Protective effect of lemon flavonoids on oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Lipids. 33(7):689-695.
Monselise, S.P., and Halevy, A.H. 1961. Detection if lycopene in pink orange fruit. Science 133:1478.
Morimoto, Masanori; Kumeda, Sumiko; Komai, Koichiro. 2000. Insect antifeedant flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48(5):1888-1891.
Moshonas, M.G. 1967. Isolation of piperitenone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one from orange oil. J. Food Sci. 32:206-207.
Moshonas, M.G. 1971. Analysis of carbonyl flavor constituents from grapefruit oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:769-770.
Moshonas, M.G., and Lund, E.D. 1969. Isolation and identification of aseries of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes from Valencia orange peel oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17:802-803.
Moshonas, M.G., and Lund, E.D. 1970. Aldehydes, ketones and esters in Valencia orange peel oil. J. Food Sci. 34:502-503.
Moshonas, M.G., and Shaw, P.E. 1974. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of tangerine peel oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22:282-284.
Moshonas, M.G., Shaw, P.E., and Veldhuis, M.K. 1972. Analysis of volatile constituents from Meyer lemon oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 20:751-752.
Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mami Inoue and kuniko Aoki. 1986. New acridone alkaloids from Citrus junos tanaka. Heterocycles. 24(6):1595-1597.
Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mami Inoue and Yukari Fujitani. 1985. Natsucitrine-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ: new acridone alkaloids from Citrus natsudaidai hayata. Heterocycles. 23(5):1131-1134.
Motoharu Ju-ichi, Yuko Takemura, Miki Azuma, Kiyoko Tanaka, Masayoshi Okano, Narihiko Fukamiya, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1991. New coumarins from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(9):2252-2255.
Myers, P.B., and Baker, G.L. 1934. Fruit Jellies. Ⅷ. The role of pectin. 4. The physico-chemical properties of pectin. Univ. Del. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 187.
Naves, Y.R. 1932. Oil of sweet oranges from French Guinan. Analytical characteristics and chemical composition. Parfums. Fr. 10. 160-181.
Naves, Y.R. 1947. The aldehyde fraction of essential oil of sweet orange. Perfum. Essent. Oil rec. 38:295-298,320.
Nelson, E.K. 1927. The non-volatile acids of the pear, quince, apple, loganberry, blueberry, cranberry, lemon and pomegranate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49:1300-1302.
Nelson, T. F. 1979. Newer applications for pectin. Food prod. Develop. 13(2):36,38.
Nelson, E. K., and Mottern, H.H. 1934. The occurrence of citral in Florida Valencia orange oil. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56:1238-1239.
Nelson, E.K., Mottern, H.H., and Eddy, C.W. 1933. Nitrogenous constituents of Florida Valencia orange juice. Fruit Proc. J. 12:231-235.
Neukom, H. 1967. Pectic substances. Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. 14:636-651.
Newhall, W. F. 1959. Derivatives of(+)-limonene Ⅱ, 2-Amino-1-p-menthanols, J. Org Chem. 24:1673-1676.
Nomura, D., and Takahashi, S. 1952. Manufacture of Natsudaidai(A Chinese Citron)juice. Ⅰ. The organic acids in the juice. Hakko Kogaku Zasshi(J. Ferment. Technol.) 30:29-34.
NTP. 1990. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of d-limonene, U. S. Dept. Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, NIH Pub. No. 90-2802,NTP Technical Report No. 347, Research Triangle Park. NC.
Oberbacher, M.F., and Vines, H.M. 1963. Spectrophotometric assay of ascorbic acid oxidase. Nature 197:1203-1204.
Ohta h, Hasegawa S. 1995. Limonoids in pummelos [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck]. J Food Sci. 60(6):1284-1285.
Oighe, W.C.,Oighe, S.J.et al. 1994. Churacterization of orange juice (Citrus sinensis) by polymethoxylated flavones, Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry. 42:2191-2195.
Ooghe, W.,Ooghe, S., et al. 1994. Characterization of orange juice by flavanone glycosides J. Agric, Food chem. Preceoling papar in this issue.
P. Joseph-Nathan, M. Dominguez and D. A. Drtega. 1984. Shift Reagent ~1H-NMR Study of Methoxycoumarins. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 21:1141-1144.
Parekh, L.J., Sakariah, K.K., amd Shah, V.J. 1970A. Carbohydrate metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida (citron). Ⅰ. Detection of the enzymes of the glycolytic cycle in the fruit tissues of Citrus acida. Enzymologia 38, No. 1:19-22.
Parekh, L.J., Sakariah, K.K., amd Shah, V.J. 1970B. Carbohydrate metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida (citron). Ⅱ. Glycolytic enzymes and glycolytic intermediates in the fruit tissues of Citrus acida during the development of the fruit. Enzymologia 38, No. 1:23-28.
Parekh, L.J., Sakariah, K.K., amd Shah, V.J. 1970C. Studies on carbohydrate metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida (citron). Ⅲ. Ascorbic acid metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida at different stages of the development of the fruit. Enzymologia 38, No. 1:29-32.
Parish, M. E. and Higgins, D. P. 1989. Yeast and molds isolated from spoiling citrus products and by-products, J. Food Protect. 52(4):261-263.
Patrick, R. and Newhali, W. F. 1960. Fungicidal activity of some new amino alcohols synthesized from citrus (+)-limonene, J. Agr. Food Chem. 8(5):397-399.
Paul, S. M. 1997. Ascorbic acid compositions providing enhanced human immune system activity, U. S. Pat. 5,626,883.
Pazur, J.H. 1970. Oligosaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Pigman, W., and Horton, D. 1972. Structure and stereochemistry of the monosaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Pilnik, W., and Voragen, A.G.J. 1970. Pectic substances and other uronides. In The Biochemistry of Fruit and Their Products, Vol. 1, A.C. Hulme (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Pippen, E.L., McCready, R.M., and Owens, H.S. 1950. Gelation properties of partially acetylated pectins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:813-816.
Poore, H.D. 1932. Analysis and composition of California lemon and orange oils. U. S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 241.
Poore, H. D. 1934. Recovery of naringin and pectin from grapefruit residue, Ind, Eng. Chem. 26(6):637-639.
Potty, V.H. 1969. Occurrence and properties of enzymes associated with mevalonic acid synthesis in the orange. J. Food Sci. 34:231-234.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970A. Mevalonate-activating enzymes in the orange. Phytochemistry. 9:99-105.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970B. Oxidation of geraniol by an enzyme system from orange. Phytochemistry 9:1003-1007.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970C. Formation of isoprenoid pyrophosphates from mevalonate by orange enzymes. Phytochemistry 9:1229-1237.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970D. Limonene reductase system in the orange. Phytochemistry 9:2319-2321.
Primo, E., Serra, J., and Montesinos, M. 1967. Manometric method for determination of pectin esterase in citrus juices. Rev. Agroquim. Tecnol. Aliment. 7, No. 1:105-110.
Primo Yufera, E., Sanchez, J., and Alberola, J. 1965. Detection of adulteration of citrus juices. Ⅲ. Identification of nonvolatile acids in orange juices from the United States. Rev. Agroquim. Tecnol. Aliment. 5:121-124.
Pritchett, D. E. and Merchant, H. E. 1946. The purification of hesperidin with formamide, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68:2108-2109.
Prokopenko, O. P.; Spiridonov, V. N.; Litvinenko, V. I.; Chornobai, V. T.; Obolentseva, G. V.; Khadzhai, Ya. I.; Tatarko, Z. I. 1972. Phenol compounds of Helichrysum and their biological activity. Farm Zh. 27(4):3-7.
Pulley, G. N. and von Leesecke, H. W. 1939. Preparation of rhamnose from naringin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61(1):175-176.
Purcell, A., Houng, R.H., Schultz, E.F., and Meredith, F.I. 1968. The effect of artificial climate on the internal fruit color of redblush grapefruit. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92:170-178.
Quarenghi de Riera, Marta V., Seeligmann, Peter. 1985. Effects of polymeyhoxylated flavonoids from Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) on the erythrocyte sedimentation rats. Acta. Farm Bonaerrense. 4(1):33-35.
Raaf, H. 1985. Tooth and mouth care agent. U. S. Pat. 4,559,224.
Radley, J.A. 1968. Starch and Its Derivatives, 4th Edition. Chapman and Hall, London. Richard Day(The Chaucer Press), Bungay, Suffolk, England.
Rama Bevi, J. and Bhattacharyya, P. K. 1977. Microbiological transformations of terpenes: Part ⅩⅩⅣ. Pathways of degradation of geraniol nerol and limonene by Pseudomonas incognita (linalool strain). Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 14:359-363.
Ramakrishnan, C.V., Parekh, L.J., and Sakariah, K.K. 1971. Fruit tissues of Citrus acida. I. Utilization of protein for respiration in mature fruit tissues of Citrus acida. Enzymologia 41, No. 1:40-46.
Ramaswamy A S. et al. 1972. Antibacterial action of some naturally occurring citrus bioflavonoids. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 10(1):72-73.
Ratty, A. K. Das, N. P. 1988. Effects of flavonoids on nonenzymic lipid peroxidation: structure-activity relationship. Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol. 39(1):69-79.
Raymond D. Bennett and Shin Hasegawa. 1980. Isolimonic acid, a new citrus limonoid. Phytochemistry. 19:2417-2419.
Riedel, H. R. 1983. Pralines made with candied orange or grapefruit peel, Confectionary production 48(10):526-528.
Robbins, R. C. 1975. Compositions and methods for disaggregating blood cells, U. S. Pat. 3,903,266.
Robbins, R. C. 1976. Regulatory action of phenyllenzo-γ-pyrone (PBP) derivatives on blood constituents affecting rheology in patients with covonary heart disease (CHD). Int. J.Vit. Nutr. Res. 46:338-347.
Robert J.Braddock. 1999A. Handbook of Citrus By-Products and Processing Technology. 200.
Robert J.Braddock. 1999B. Handbook of Citrus By-Products and Processing Technology. 215.
R. Tanaka, R. Tsuboi and S. Matsunaga. 1994A. Serratenes from the stem bark of picea jezoensis Carr. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 37(1):209-211.
R. Tanaka, C. Mun, Y. Suami and S. Matsunaga. 1994B. 30oxo-serratene triterpenoids from the stem bark of picea jezoensis Carr. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 35(6):1517-1522.
R. Tanaka, H. Senba, T. Minematsu, O. Muraoka and S. Matsunaga. 1995.21 α-hydroxy-3-methoxyserrat-14-en-30-al and other triterpenoids from the cuticle of picea jezoensis. Phytochemistry. 38(6):1467-1471.
R. Tanaka, K. Ohmori, K. Minoura and S. Matsunaga. 1996. Two new epoxyserratanes from the cuticle of picea jezoensis. J. Nat. Prod. 59:237-241.
R. Tanaka, K. Tsujimoto, Y. in and S. Matsunaga. 1997. New methoxytriterpene dione from the cuticle of picea jezoensis var. jezoensis. J. Nat. Prod. 60:319-322.
R. Tanaka, K. Tsujimoto, O. Muraoko and S. Matsunaga. 1998. Two serratane triterpenes from the stem bark of picea jezoensis var. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 47(5):839-843.
R. Tanaka, K. Tsujimoto and S. Matsunaga. 1999. Two serratane triterpenes from the stem bark of picea jezoensis var. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 52:1581-1585.
Robards K., and Antolovich M. 1997. Analytical chemistry of fruit bioflavonoids a review. Analyst. 112:11R-34R.
Robertson, G.H., Clark, J.P., and Lundin, R. 1974. Dihydrochalcone sueeteners: Preparation of neohesperidin dihydvcchalcone, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 13(2):125-129.
Rockland, L.B. 1961. Nitrogenous constituents. In The Orange:Its Biochemistry and Physiology, W.B. Sinclair (Editor). Univ. Calif. Printing Dept., Calif.
Rockland, L.B., Underwood, J.C., and Beavens, E.A. 1950. Nitrogenous constituents of citrus-fruit juices. Calif. Citrogr. 35:490-492.
Rouse, A.H. 1967. Characteristics of oranges from 5-year-old trees. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc.80:222-227.
Rouse, A. H. 1977. "Pectin, Distribution, Significance."In Citrus Science and Technology, Vol. 1, S. Nagy, P. E. Shaw, and M. K. Veldhuis, Eds. ,AVI, Westport, CT, Chap. 4. 110-207.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1962. Seasonal changes occurring in the pectinesterase activity and pectic constituents of the component parts of citrus fruits. Ⅰ. Valencia oranges. J. Food Sci. 27:419-425.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1963. Effect of sub-freezing temperatures of component parts of citrus fruits with particular reference to the pectic constituents. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 76:295-301.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1964. Seasonal changes occurring in the pectinesterase activity and pectic constituents of the component parts of citrus fruits. Ⅱ. Pineapple oranges. J. Food Sci. 29:34-49.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1965A. Seasonal changes occurring in the pectinesterase activity and pectic constituents of the component parts of citrus fruits. Ⅲ. Silver cluster grapefruit. Food Technol. 19:673-676.
Rouse, A.H., and Knorr, L.C. 1969. Seasonal changes in pectinesterase activity, Pectins, and citric acid of Florida lemons. Food Technol. 23:829-831.
Rouse, A.H., Moore, E.L, and. Atkins, C.D. 1965B. Characteristics of oranges from three-year-old trees. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 78:283-288.
Rouseff, R. L., Martin, S. F., and Youtsey, C.O. 1987. Quantitative survey of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin in citrus..J. Agric. Food chem.. 35(6):1027-1030.
Rouseff, R.L., Ting, S.V. 1979. Quantitation of polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice by high-performance liquid chromatography. J.chromatogr. 176:75-87.
Rouseff, R.L. and Ting, S.V. 1979. "Analysis of polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice and fruit parts." In Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages, Vol.2, Academic, New York. 537-558.
Safina, G., and Sara, R. 1955. Amino acid in citrus juices. Ⅱ. Quantitative variations of amino acids during the vegetative period of the fruit and their relation to other components of juice. Conserve Deriv. Agrum. 4:93-98.
Sawabe, Akiyoshi; Kumamoto, Niroyasu; Matsubara, Yoshiharu. 1998. Structure-function relationship of bioactive compounds in citrus fruit peels. Recent Res. Dev. Agric. Biol. Chem. 2(1):143-166.
Sawamura M, Kurigawa T. 1988. Quantitively determination of vilatile constituents in the pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck forma Tosa-butan ). J Agric Food Chem. 86:567-569.
Sawamura M, Shichiri K, Ootani Y, et al. 1991. Volatile constituents of several varieties of Pummelos and characteristics among Citrus species. Agric Biol Chem. 55(10):2571-2578.
Schaffer, R. 1972. Occurrence, properties and preparation of naturally occurring monosaccharides (including 6-deoxy sugars). In Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Schormueller, J., Pfrogner, N., and Belitz, H.D. 1965A. Vegetable phosphatases. Ⅰ. Isolation and fractionation of phosphatasea from sweet orange. Z. Lebensm.-Unter.-Forsch. 127:57-61.
Schormueller, J., Pfrogner, N., and Holz, F. 1965B. Vegetable phosphatases. Ⅱ. Characterization of phosphatases from orange peel. Z. Lebensm.-Unter.-Forsch. 127:325-341.
Schwartz, H.M., Biedron, S.I., Von Holdt, M.M., and Rehm, S. 1964.A study of some plant esterases. Phytochemistry 3:189-200.
Schweisheimer, W. 1955. Extraction of California orange oil: The odor principle in orange skins. Reichstoffe u. Aromen 5, 396-398.; J. Sci. Food Agric. Abstr. Sec. Ⅰ:235(1956).
Scurti, F., and De Plato, G. 1908. The Chemical process of ripening; ripening of oranges. Stn. Sper. Agrar. Ital. 41:435-455.
Scurti, F., and De Plato, G. 1908. (1)The Chemical process of ripening. (2)The ripening of oranges. (3)The presences of asparagines and glutamine in lemons. Stn. Sper. Agrar. Ital. 41:456-470.
Seo, S. Tomita Y. and Tori, K. 1981. Biosynthesis of oleanene-and ursene-type triterpenes from [4-~(13)C] Mevalonolactone and [1,2-~(13)C_2] acetate in tissus cultures of Isodon japonicus Hara~1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103(8):2075-2080.
Serit M. Ishida M. Kim M et al. 1991. Antifeedants from citrus natsudaidai HAYATA against termite Reticulitermes speratus KOLBE. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55:2381-2385.
Shangzhen Zheng, Juncai Meng, Xuwei Shen, Dinyun Wang, Hua Fu and Qin Wang. 1997. Two new limonoids from the seeds of microula sikkimensis. Planta. Med. 63:379-380.
Shaw, P.E., and Coleman, R.L. 1971. Quantitative analysis of a highly volatile fraction from Valencia orange essence oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:1276-1278.
Shaw, P.E., and Coleman, R.L. 1974. Quantitative composition of cold-pressed orange oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22:785-787.
Shaw, P.E., and Coleman, R.L. 1975. Composition and flavor evaluation of a volatile fraction from cold-pressed Valencia orange oil. Int. Flavours 6:190.
Sheppard E.P., and Boyd, E.M. 1970. Lemon oil as an expectorant inhalant. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 2(1):1-16.
Shioiri, H., and Katayama, O. 1955. Fruit juices. Ⅰ. Identification of free amino acids by the microbiological method. Shokuryo Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku 10:161-165.
Sichel G, Corsaro C, Scalla M et al. 1991. In vitro scavenger activity Of some flavonoids and melanins against O_2. Free Radical Biol. Med. 11:1-8.
Silber, R.E. et al. 1960. Paper chromatographic identification and estimation of the free amino acids in thirty-two fruits. Food Rev. 25:675-680.
Sinclair, W.B. 1961. Pectic substances. In The Orange: Its Biochemistry and Physiology, W.B. Sinclair (Editor). Univ. of California, Div. Agric. Sci. Riverside.
Sinclair, W.B. 1961. The Orange: Its Biochemistry and Physiology. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Sinclair, W.B. 1972A. The Grapefruit: Its Composition, Physiology, and Products. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Sinclair, W. B. 1972B. "Grapefruit by products. Pectin." In the Grapeftuit. Its Composition, Physiology and Products, University of California. Press, Reverside, CA, Chap. 6. 524-530.
Sinclair, W.B., Bartholomew, E.T., and Nedvider, R.D. 1935. The isolation and distribution of nitrogen in dilute alkali-soluble proteins of healthy Valencia and Washington Navel orange fruits. J. Agric. Res. 50:173-180.
Sinclair, W.B., and Eny, D.M. 1947. Ether-soluble organic acids and buffer properties of citrus peels. Bot. Gaz. 108:398-407.
Slater, C.A. 1961. Composition of natural lime oil. Chem. Ind. 833-835.
Slater, C.A., and Watkins, W.T. 1964. Citrus essential oils. Ⅳ-Chemical transformations of lime oil. J. Sci. Food Agric. 15:657-664.
Smit, C.J.B., and Bryant, E.F. 1967. Properties of pectin fractions separated on diethyl-aminoethyl-cellulose columns. J. Food Sci. 32:197-199.
Snyder, R. P. 1970. Citrus pectin and dried pectin peel, Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf. 16:79-89.
Solarino, E. 1938. Formol titration of citrus juices. Ind. Ital. Conserve 13:32-33.
Soukup, R.J. and Parliament, T.H. 1984. Flavor and mouthfeel character in foodstuffs by the addition of bitter principles, U.S.pat. 4,479,972.
Srere, P.A., and Senkin, J. 1966. Citrate condensing enzyme in citrus fruit. Nature 212:506-507.
Stanek, J., Cerny, M., Kocourek, J., and Pacak, J. 1963. The Monosaccharides. Academic Press, New York.
Stanek, J., Cerny, M., and Pacak, J. 1965. the Oligosaccharides. Academic Press, New York.
Stanley, W.L. 1962. Volatile fruit flavors. Int. Fruchtsaftunion Ber. Wiss-Tech. Komm. 4:91-102.
Stanley, W.L., Ikeda, R.M., Vannier, S.H., and Rolle, L.A. 1961. Determination of the relative concentrations of the major aldehydes in lemon, orange and grapefruit oils by gas chromatography. J. Food Sci. 26:43-48.
Stepak, Y., and Lifshitz, A. 1971. Identification and determination of sugars in some fruit juices. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 54:1215-1217.
Steven Nagy; Philip E. Shaw; Matthew K. Veldhuis. 1977A. Citrus Science and Technology Vol 1:397.
Steven Nagy; Philip E. Shaw; Matthew K. Veldhuis. 1977B. Citrus Science and Technology Vol 1:407-419.
Stevens, K.L., Lundin, R.E., and Teranishi, R. 1965. Volatiles from oranges. Ⅲ. The structure of sinensal. J. Org. Chem. 30:1690-1692.
Stewart, I., and Wheaton, T.A. 1964A. l-Octopamine in citrus: Isolation and identification. Science 145:60-61.
Stewart, I., and Wheaton, T.A. 1964B. Phenolic amines in citrus juices. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 77:318-320.
Sunil K. Talapatra, Swapan K. Mukhopadhyay, Anup Bhattacharya. 1975. Methoxylated flavones of fortunella japonica. Phytochemistry. 14(1):309-310.
Swisher, H.E. 1975. Dehydrated citrus peel product, U. S. Pat. 3,868,466.
Szent-Gyorgyi, A. 1938. Methoden zur herstellung von Citrin [Preparation of citrin], Zeitschrift f. Physiol. Chem. 255:126-131;Chem. Abst. 32:9393.
Teng, C. M.; Li, H. L.; Yu, S. M.; Wu, T. S.; Huang, S. C.; Peng, I.S.; Huang, T. F.1992. Calcium-channel blocking effects of three coumarin compounds, isolated from Citrus grandis in rat thoracic aorta. Asia Pac. J. Pharmacol. 7(2):115-120.
Teranishi, R. et al. 1963. Volatiles from oranges. I. Hydrocarbons. Identified by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra. J. Food Sci. 28:541-545.
Terue Makita, Keiichi Ohta and Toshio Nakabayashi. 1980. New limonoid from the seeds of Citrus Natsudaidai. Agric. Biol. Chem. 44(3):693-694.
Thomas, A. F. and Bessière, Y. 1989. Limonene, Natural Products Rep. 6(3):291-309.
Thorpe, T.A., Maier, V.P., and Hasegawa, S. 1971. Phenyllalanine ammonialyase activity in citrus fruit tissue cultured in vitro. Phytochemistry 10:711-718.
Tian-Shung Wu, Chang-Sheng Kuoh and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1983. Acridone alkaloids and a coumarin from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 22(6):1493-1497.
Tian-Shung Wu and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1982. Constituents of Citrus depressa(Rutaceae). Characterizations of five new acridone alkaloids. Heterocycles. 19(2):273-277.
Tian-Shung Wu, Shiow-Chyn Huang and Jeng-Shiow Lai. 1994. Stem bark coumarins of Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 36(1):217-219.
Tian-Shung Wu, Shiow-Chyn Huang, Ting-Ting Jong and Jeng-Shiow Lai. 1986. Honyumine, a new linear pyranoacridone alkaloid from Citrus grandis Osbeck. Heterocycles. 24(1):41-43.
Ting, S.V., and Attaway, J.A. 1971. Citrus fruits. In The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vol. 2, A.C. Hulme(Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Ting, S. V. and Beszyck, E. T. 1961. The carbohydrates in the peel of oranges and grapefruit. J. Food Sci. 26(2):146-152.
Ting, S.V., and Deszyck, E.J. 1959. Isolation of l-quinic acid in citrus fruits. Nature 183:1401-1405.
Ting, S.V., and Deszyclk, E.J. 1961. The carbohydrates in the peel of oranges and grapefruit. J. Food Sci. 26:146-152.
Ting, S. V. and Rouseff, R. L. 1983. "Dietary fiber from citrus wastes: Characterization. "In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, ACS Symp. Ser. 214, I. Furda, Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C. Chap. 15.205-219.
Ting, S.V., and Vines, H.M. 1966. Organic acids in the juice vesicles of Florida 'Hamlin' orange and 'Marsh Seedless' grapefruit. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88:291-297.
Townsley, P.M., Joslyn, M.A., and Smit, C.J.B. 1953. The amino acids in various tissues of citrus fruits and orange protein. J. Food Res. 18:522-531.
Trovato, A.; Monforte, M. T.; Forestieri, A. M.; Pizzimenti, F. 2000. In vitro anti-mycotic activity of some medical plants containing flavonoids. Boll. Chim. Farm. 139(5):225-227.
Udenfriend, S., Lovenberg, W., and Sjoerdsma, A. 1959. Physiologically active amines in common fruits and vegetables. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 85:487-490.
Underwood, J.C., and Rockland, L.B. 1953. Nitrogenous constituents in citrus fruits. Ⅰ. Some free amino acids in citrus juices determined by small-scale filter-paper chromatography. Food Res. 18:17-29.
U.S. Dep. Agric. 1962. Chemistry and Technology of Citrus, Citrus Products and Byproducts. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 98.
USDA. 1962. Chemistry and technology of citrus, citrus products and by-products. Agric. Hndbk. No. 98. USDA, Washington, D.C.
Vines, H.M., and Oberbacher, M.F. 1962. Ascorbic acid oxidase in citrus. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 75:283-286.
Vines, H.M., and Oberbacher, M.F. 1963. Citrus fruits enzymes. I. Ascorbic acid oxidase in oranges. Plant Physiol. 38:333-337.
Wang H, Cao G, Prior R L. 1997. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:304-309.
Ward, K., JR., and Seib, P.A. 1970. Cellulose, lichenan and chitin. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Webb, D. R. ,Hysell, D. K. and Alden, C. L. 1988. Assessment of the chronic oral toxicity of d-limonene in dogs, Abstr. 356, Toxicologist 8(1):90.
Wheaton, T.A., and Stewart, I. 1965A. Feruloylputrescine: Isolation and identification from citrus leaves and fruit. Nature 206:620-621.
Wheaton, T.A., and Stewart, I. 1965B. Quantitative analysis of phenolic amines using ion-exchange chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 12:585-592.
Whistler, R.L., and Paschall, E.F. 1965. Starch: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.
Whistler, R.L., and Paschall, E.F. 1966. Starch: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York.
Whistler, R.L., and Richards, E.L. 1970. Hemicelluloses. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol.2A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Whistler, R.L., and Smart, C.L. 1953. Polysaccharide Chemistry. Academic Press, New York.
Wilson, K.W. 1969. Development of an oxalate or other organic acid index for estimating amounts of peel solids in orange and grapefruit paste, puree, and juice products. Unpublished final report prepared for USDA, Food Crops Utilization Res. Lab., Weslaco, Texas, by the Stanford Res. Inst., South Pasadena, Calif.
Wilson, R. G. et al. 1968. Solvent Effects In NMR Spectroscopy: solvent shifts of methoxyl rsonances in flavones induced by benzene; an aid to structure elucidation. Tetrabedron. 24:1407.
Windsor C. Cutting, Robert H. Dreisbach, and Fusako Matsushima. 1953. Antiviral Chemotherapy Ⅵ. Parenteral and other effects of flavonoids. Stanford Med. Bull. 11:227-229.
Winterstein, A., Studer, A., and Ruegg, R. 1960. New results of carotanoid research. Chem. Ber. 93:2951-2965.
Worth, H.G.J. 1967. The chemistry and biochemistry of the pectic substances. Chem. Rev. 67:465-473.
Wu TS. 1987. Baiyumine-A and -B acridone alkaloids from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 26(3):871-872.
Wu TS. 1988. Alkaloids and coumarins of Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 27(11):3717-3718.
Wu TS, Huang SC, Jong TT, et al. 1988. Coumarins, acridone alkaloids and a flavone from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 27(2):585-587.
Wu TS, Huang SC, Lai JS. 1994. Stem bark coumarins glycosides from Citrus flavedo. Phytochemistry. 36(1):217-219.
Wu TS, Huang SC, Wu P. 1996. Buntanbismine, a bisacridone alkaloid from Citrus grandis F Buntan. Phytochemistry. 42(1):221-223.
Wu TS, Kuoh CS, Furukawa H. 1983. Acridone alkaloids and a coumarin from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 22(6):1493-1497.
Yokotama, H., Guerrero, H., and Boettger, H. 1970. Triphasiaxanthin, a new carotene. J. Org. Chem. 35:2080-2082.
Yokoyama, H., Guerrero, H., and Boettger, H. 1972. Recent studies on the structure of citrus carotrnoids. Adv. Food Res. Suppl. 3:1-7.
Yokoyama, H., and White, M.J. 1968. Citrus carotenoids. Ⅷ. The isolation of semi-β-carotenone and β-carotenone from citrus relatives. Phytochemistry 7:1031-1034.
Yoshihiko Ozaki, Masaki Miyake, Hisao Maeda, Yasushi Ifuku, Raymond D. Bennett and Shin Hasegawa. 1991. Limonoid Glucosides in TETRADIUM RUTAECARPA. Phytochemistry. 30(7):2365-2367.
Yoshimura, K. 1918. isolation of betaine and stachydrine from citrus. Japan Bull. 3:1.
Young, R.E., and Biale, J.B. 1968. Carbon dioxide effects on fruits. Ⅲ. The fixation of ~(14)C-labelled carbon dioxide in lemons in an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide. Planta 81:253-263.
Yuko Takemura, Hisayo Kawaguchi, Satomi Maki, Motohura Ju-ichi, Mitsuo Omura, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1996. Studies on the constituents of Yalaha. Structures of a new acridone alkaloid and two new coumarins. Chem. Pham. Bull. 44(4):804-809.
Yuko Takemura, Junko Takaya, Yuko Okamura, Yasue Arima, Tomomi Atarashi, Noriko Nagareya, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mitsuo Omura, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1998A. Four new acridone-coumarin dimmers from a Citrus plant. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46(10):1518-1521.
Yuko Takemura, Masako Wada, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1998B. A new dimeric acridone alkaloid from Citrus paradisi Macf. Chem. Pham. Bull. 46(4): 693-696.
Yuko Takemura, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Tomoko Kurozumi, Chihiro Ito, Kiyomi Nakagawa, Mitsuo Omura and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1993C. Structural elucidation of citrumarins: Four novel binary coumarins isolated from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(1):73-76.
Yuko Takemura, Tomoko Kurozumi, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Masayoshi Okano, Narihiko Fukamiya, Chihiro Ito, Tomohisa Ona and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1993B. The structures of neoacrimarines-C and -D, two new acridone-coumarin dimmers from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(10):1757-1759.
Yuko Takemura, Toshimi Nakata, Hiromi Uchida, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Keiichiro Hatano, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1993A. Structure of claudimerin-A, a novel dimeric coumarin from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(11):2061-2062.
Yuko Takemura, Toshimi Nakata, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Masayoshi Okano, Narihiko Fukamiya, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1994. Three new bicoumarins from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42(6):1213-1215.
Yuko Takemura, Yoko Matsushita, Noriko Nagareya, Masami Abe, Junko Takaya, et al. 1995. Citbismine-A, -B and -C, new binary acridone alkaloids from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 43(8):1340-1345.
Yusa, Takehiko; Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Sawabe, Akiyoshi; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo. 1992. Structures and physiological activity of coumarins in hassaku(Citrus hassaku Hort.). Zabon(C. grandis Osbeck) and amanatsu(C. natsudaidai) peels. Yukagaku. 41(3):249-251.
Yoshihiko Ozaki, Masaki Miyake, Hisao Maeda, Yasushi Ifuku, Raymond D. Bennett and Shin Hasegawa. 1991. Limonoid Glucosides in TETRADIUM RUTAECARPA. Phytochemistry. 30(7):2365-2367.
Zechmeister, L., and Tuzson, P. 1936. The polyene pigment of the orange. Ber. 69:1878-1884.
Zechmeister, L., and Tuzson, P. 1937. Polyene pigment of the orange. Ⅱ. Citraurin. Ber. 70:1966-1969.
Zhuang, Ping; Huang, Mingyuan. 1994. A comparison of pharmacological activities of effective constients in Zhishi(Citrus aurantium). Zhongcaoyao. 25(8):419-421.
Ziegler, E. 1971. The examination of citrus oils. Flavour Ind. 647-653.
Zitco, V., and Bishop, C.T. 1965. Fractionation of pectins from sunflowers, sugar beets, apples, and citrus fruits. Can. J. Chem. 43:3206-3214.
Zuber, H. 1964. Purification and properties of a new carboxypeptidase from citrus fruit. Nature 201:613.
Zuber, H. 1968. Purification and properties of citrus fruit carboxypeptidase. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 349:1337-1352.
冯宝民，裴月湖．2000．柚皮中的香豆素类化学成分的研究[I]．沈阳药科大学学报．17(4)：253-255．
胡春．1994A．黄酮类化合物抗氧化性质的研究---菊花生物抗氧化性及保健作用的研究．无锡轻工业大学博士学位论文．14-35，36-50．
胡春．1994B．黄酮类化合物抗氧化性质的研究---菊花生物抗氧化性及保健作用的研究．无锡轻工业大学博士学位论文．86-89．
胡春，丁霄霖．1996．黄酮类化合物在不同氧化体系中的抗氧化作用研究．食品与发酵工业．22(3)：46-53．
江苏新医学院编．1985．中药大词典．下册．上海科学技术出版社．1505．
焦家俊编著．2000．有机化学实验．上海交通大学出版社．86-89．
李成之．1992．现代免疫化学技术．上海：上海科学技术出版社．
林正奎，华映芳．中国特有沙田柚果皮精油化学成分研究．植物学报．1989．31(1)：73-76．
刘文粢等．1991．广陈皮化学成分的比较研究Ⅰ．挥发油的成分研究．中药材．14(3)：33．
马玉琪，梁彬，胡东荣等．1982．广东蛇药中水溶性部分有效成分的分离鉴定．中草药．13(5)：1-4．
毛晓明，张家庆．1993．槲皮素等中药提取物对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用[J]．中国中药杂志．18(10)：623-624．
尚崇厚主编．1987．中药化学(第一版)．上海：上海科学技术出版社．191-250．
沈洵等译．1980．光生物学．北京：科学出版社．
藤卷正生等编著．1989．香料科学(中译本)．轻工业出版社．
汪德清，沈文梅，田亚平等．1995．黄芪总黄酮对羟自由基所致哺乳动物细胞损伤的防护作用．中国中药杂志．20(4)：240-242．
王红，张为明．1993．银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的质量研究．中国野生植物资源．1：13-16．
萧兵，钟俊维编著．1985．农业多因素试验设计与统计分析．湖南科学技术出版社．332-367．
游佐武彦，松原义治，沢(刀 辶)昭义．1992．他甘夏柑果皮构造生理活性[J]．油化学．41(3)：55-57．
于德泉，杨峻山主编．1999年．《分析化学手册 第七分册-核磁共振波谱分析》(第二版)．化学工业出版社．北京．中国．43．
烷基中的C原子受到γ-位取代基的屏蔽，而导致~(13)C化学位移值变小，或者说有一个负取代基效应称γ效应．γ效应来源于CH键的空间诱导极化作用：即γ-C上氢原子和取代基在范德华半径内交盖，于是σ成键电子从H原子移向γ-C原子致使γ-c原子的电子密度较高而屏蔽(δCγ减小，δHγ增大)．这也适合于空间距离在范德华半径内的氢原子之间．γ效应对~(13)C化学位移的影响能够鉴别烯烃取代基的E-和Z-构型．
万素英等编著．2000．食品抗氧化剂．中国轻工业出版社．153-173．
王红，张卫明．1995．银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的质量研究．中国野生植物资源．(1)：13-16．
韦直，何业祺主编．《浙江植物志》．第三卷．1986，438页．浙江科学技术出版社．
吴应罴，李少娟．1988．用大孔吸附树脂分离柚甙．中草药．19(10)：20-21．
中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会．1997．中国植物志．第43卷．第二分册．1-6．科学出版社
中国医学百科全书编委会．1987．中国医学百科全书：生物物理学．上海科技出版社．
张尔贤等．1993．油柑清除活性氧作用研究J．化学发光评价．自由基生命科学进展．第一集．118-122．
张红雨．1999．黄酮类抗氧化剂结构---活性关系的理论解释．中国科学(B辑)．29(1)：91-96．
张英．1995．竹叶保健功能因子的研究．无锡轻工业大学博士学位论文．133-134．
章竹君，吕九如．1991．发光分析．分析实验室．10(4)：102-115．
张卓然．1998．医学微生物实验学．科学出版社．
郑学钦，胡春．1997．用化学发光法检测芦丁等物质清除超氧阴离子自由基的作用．中国药学杂志．32(3)：140-142．
周博文，胡文雅，吴俊景．1993．化州橘红多糖的药用研究．中国药学杂志．28(3)：135-136．
Agrawal, P. K. et al. 1981. ~(13)C NMR spectroscopy of flavonoids~+. Heterocycles. 16: 2181.
Alberola, J., Casas, A., and Primo, E. 1967. Detection of adulteration in citrus juices. 10. Identification of sugars in orange juices and in commercial sucroses by gas liquid chromatography. Rev. Agroquim. Tecnol. Aliment. 7:476-482.
Alberola, J., and Primo, E. 1969. Detection of adulterations in citrus juices. XⅢ. Identification of amino acids in orange juices and in commercial citrus acids and sources. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 7: 56-62.
Alford A R. Bentley M D. 1986. Citrus limonoids as potential antifeedants for the syruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Econ. Entonol. 79: 35-38.
Alford, A. Randall; Murray, Kathleen D. 2000. Prospects for citrus limonoids in insect pest management. ACS Symp. Ser. 758:201-211.
A. M. El-Shafae and A. S. Soliman. 1998. A pyranocoumarin and two alkaloids (one with antispasmodic effect) from Citrus deliciosa. Pharmazie. 53:640-643.
Amarendra Patra. 1986. Carbon-~13 NMR signals of some simple coumarins~+. India Chem. Soc. 63: 417-419.
Andrews, R., Hough, L., Powell, D.B., and Woods, B.M. 1959. The composition of the alkali-stable polysaccharide of sufar beet pectin. J. Chem. Soc. 774-779.
Andrew TM, Motoharu J, Yukan F, et al. 1985. Isolation and structures of citropone A and B from citrus plant, first examples of naturally occurring homoacridone alkaloids, containing a tropone ring system. Tetrahedron letters. 26(26): 3271-3272.
Anon. 1982. Naringin, a bitter flavoring, available on high-purity grades. Food product Dev. 16(1): 29.
Antonio G. González, et al. 1994. 4,5-Dihydroblumenol A. a New Nor-Isoprenoid from PERROTTETIA MULTIFORA. Journal of Natural Products. 57(3): 400-402.
Aspinall, G.O. 1970. Pectins, plant gums, and other plant polysaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2B, W. Pigman, and D. Horton edited. Academic Press, New York.
Attaway, J. A. 1994. "Citrus juice flavonoids with anticarcinogenic and antitumor properties." In Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention I, ACS Symp. Ser. 546, M. T. Huang, T. Osawa, C. T. Ho, and R. T. Rosen, Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., Chap. 19. 240-248.
Averna, V. 1960. Nitrogen metabolism in vegetables. I. Free amino acids in various parts of citrus fruits. Conserve Deriv. Agrum. 9, 83-93.
Axelrod, B. 1947. Citrus fruit phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 167: 57-72.
Axelrod, B., Jang, R., and Lawrence, J.M. 1955. Glutamic acid decarboxylase of lemons and oranges. J. Agric. Food Chem. 3: 1039-1041.
Azzouz, M.A., Reineccius, G.A., and Moshonas, M.G. 1976. Comparison between cold-pressed and distilled lime oils through the application of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J. Food Sci. 41: 324-328.
Badria FA, El-ayer AM, El-Kashef HA. 1994. A potent heptoprotective agent from grapefruit. Alexandria J. Pharm. Sci. 8(3): 165-169.
Baier, W. E. 1947. Method for recovery of naringin, U. S. Pat. 2,421,063.
Baig, M. M. and Cerda, J. J. 1983. "Citrus pectic polysaccharides-Their in vitro interaction with low density serum lipoproteins." In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, I. Furda, Ed.,ACS Symp. Ser. 214, America Chemical Society. Washington, D. C. 185-190.
Baker, R. A. 1976. Clarification of citrus juices with polygalacturonic acid. J. Food Sci. 41:1198-1200.
Baker, R. A. 1994. Potential dietary benefits of citrus pectin and fiber, Food Technol. 48(11): 133-136, 138-139.
Baker, R.A., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1968. oxidation of ascorbic acid by enzyme preparations from orange. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 81: 269-275.
Bar, A. et al. 1990. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone: Properties and applications, Lebensm.-Wiss, u-Technol. 23(5): 371-376.
Bartholomew, E.T., and Sinclair, W.B. 1951. The Lemon Fruit: Its Composition, Physiology, and Products. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Basa SC, Tripathy RN. 1984. A new acridone alkaloid from Citrus decumana. Journal of Natural Product. 47(2): 325-330.
Beljanski, Mirko. 1990,1988. Virucidal composition comprising flavopereirine. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 373986 (C1. A61K35/78). 20 Jun. 1990, FR Appl. 88/15845, 02 Dec. 1988; 7pp.
Beljanski, Mirko. 1990,1988. Separation of naringin and naringenin from plant material as neoplasm inhibitors. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 352147 (C1. A61K31/35).24 Jan. 1990, FR Appl. 88/8434, 23 Jun. 1988;22pp.
Beljanski, M. 1992. Pharmaceutical composition and method of use, U. S. Pat. 5,145,839.
Bellevue, F.H., Woster, P.M., Edwards, D.J.,He, K., and Hollenberg, P.F. 1997. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin(6',7'-DHB), a naturally occurring inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A4. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 7: 2593-2598.
Benavente-Garcia, Obdulio; Castillo, Julian: Marin, Francisco R.; Ortuno, Ana; Del Rio, Jose A. 1997. Uses and properties of Citrus flavonoids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45(12): 1505-1515.
Ben-Aziz, A. 1967. Nobiletin is main fungistat in tangerines resistant to Mal Secco. Science. 155,1026-1027.
Benezet, L., and Igolen, G. 1946. n-Octanal, the main aldehyde of the essence of sweet oranges from French Guinea. Bull. Soc. Chim. 359-361.
Bennett, R.D. 1971. Acidic limonoids of grapefruit seeds. Phytochemistry 10: 3065-3068.
Bentley M D. Rajab M S. Mendal M J et al. 1990. Limonoids model insect antifeedants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:1400-1403.
Bernhard, R.A. 1958. Examination of lemon oil by gas-partition chromatography. Food Res. 23, 213-216.
Bernhard, R.A. 1960. Analysis and composition of oil of lemon by gas-liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 3:471-476.
Bernhard, R.A. 1961. Citrus flavor. Volatile constituents of the essential oil of the orange. J. Food Sci. 26:401-411.
Blake, J. R., Knutson, R. K. and Strommer, D. L. 1982. Composition for aerated frozen desserts containing fruit puree and method of preparation, U. S. Pat. 4,335,155.
Blakemore, S. M. 1962. Puree and method of making same, U. S. Pat. 3,031,307.
Bogin, E., and Wallace, A. 1966A. CO_2 fixation in preparations from Tunisian sweet lemons and Eureka lemon fruits. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88:298-307.
Bogin, E., and Wallace, A. 1966B. Organic acid synthesis and accumulation in sweet and sour lemon fruits. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 89:182-194.
Braverman, J.S. 1933. The chemical composition of the orange. Hadar 6:62-65.
Braverman, J.B.S. 1949. Citrus Products. Interscience Publishers, New York.
Bren φe, C. 1971. Research studies of the distribution of free amino acids and other compounds in orange fruits picked in Greece during the period January to Marsh 1968 and collected during the period January to March 1969. Husholdingsradets Tekniske Meddelelser 9:15-59.
Breslau, B. F., Pensenstauler, D. F. and Mitchell, W. G. 1976. The recovery of sugar from citrus press liquor by ultrafiltration, Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf. 22:53-74.
Bruemmer, J.H., and Roe, B. 1971A. Substrate specificity of citrus alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:266-268.
Bruemmer, J.H., and Roe, B. 1971B. Regulation of NAD oxidoreductase in oranges. Phytochemistry 10:255-259.
Buchel, J. A. 1989. Flavoring witth citrus oils, Perf. Flavorist. 14(1):22-26.
Calomme, Mario; Pieters, Luc; Vlietnick, Arnoid; Vanden Berghe, Dirk. 1996. Inhibition of bacterial mutagenesis by Citrus flavonoids. Planta Med. 62(3): 222-226.
Calvarano, I., Bovalo, F., and di Giacomo, A. 1974. Clemintine essential oil. Atti Ⅲ. Conveyno Nazionale. Olii Essenz. Deriv. Agrum. 1-2, 43-49.
Cantagalli, P., Forconi, V., Gagnoni, G., and Pieri, J. 1972. Immunochemical behaviour of the proteins of the orange. J. Sci. Food Agric. 23:905-910.
Cameron, K., et al. 2000. Purification and characterization of a Beta-glucosidase from Citrus Sinensis Var. Valencia fruit tissue. J. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (Publication request approval date: December 6,2000).
Cao G, Sofic E. ,Prior R L. 1997. Antioxidant and prooxidant behavior of flavonoids: structure-activity relationships. Free Radical Biol. Med. 22:749-760.
Chace, E. M. 1922. By-products from citrus fruit, USDA Circular No. 232, Washington, D. C.
Chace, E. M. ,von Loesecke, H. W. and Heid, J. L. 1940. Citrus fruit products, USDA Circular No. 577, Washington, D. C.
Chanda, S.K., Hirst, E.L., and Perceval, E.G.V. 1951. The constitution of pear cell-wall xylan. J. Chem. Soc. 1240-1246.
Chandler, B. V. and Robertson, G. L. 1983. The solubility of limonin, the bitter principle of orange juice, J. Sci. Food. Agric. 84: 1272-1284.
Chang, M. L. W. 1983. "Dietary Pectin: Effect on metabolic processes in rats."In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, I. Furda, Ed. ,ACS Symp. Ser. 214, America Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. Chap. 11. 185-190.
Chapman & Hall Number FYJ81-E CAS Registry Number: 203928-00-1. Type of Compound Code(s): VT1550.
Chasimir, D. J. 1983. Counter-current extraction of soluble solids from foods. CSIRO Food Res. Quarterly. 53:38.
Cheetham, P. S. J. and Quail, M. A. 1991. Process for preparing L-rhamnose. U.S.Pat.5,077,206. Curl, A.L., and Veldhuis, M.K. 1948. The composition of sugars in Florida Valencia orange juice, Fruit Prod. J. 27: 342-343,361.
Chen, C. S. and Chen, W. A. 1998. Method for producing ready to pour frozen concentrated clarified fruit juice, fruit juice produced thereform, and high solids fruit product, U. S. Pat. 5,756,141.
Chen, Yuting; Zheng, Rongliang; Jia, zhongjian; Ju, Yong. 1990. Flavonoids as superoxide scavengers and antioxidants. Free Radical Biol. Med. 9(1):19-21.
Chihiro Ito, Kazuko Fujiwara, Mayumi Kajita, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Yuko Takemura, Yoshiko Suzuki, Kiyoko Tanaka, Mitsuo Omura and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1991. New coumarins from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(10):2509-2513.
Chihiro Ito, Mayumi Nakagawa, Mami Inoue, Yuko Takemura, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mitsuo Omura and hiroshi Furukawa. 1993. A new biscoumarin from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(9):1657-1658.
Clark, J.R., and Bernhard, R.A. 1960A. Examination of lemon oil by gas-liquid chromatography. Ⅱ. The hydrocarbon fraction. Food Res. 25:389-394.
Clark, J.R., and Bernhard, R.A. 1960B. Examination of lemon oil by gas-liquid chromatography. Ⅲ. The oxygenated fraction. Food Res. 25:731-738.
Clark, R.B., and Wallace, A. 1963. Dark CO2 fixation in orange acid synthesis and accumulation in citrus fruit vesicles. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 83:322-332.
Clements, R.L. 1964. Organic acids in citrus fruits. I. Varietal differences. J. Food Sci. 29: 276-280.
Clements, R.L. 1966. Disc electrophoresis of citrus fruit proteins. Phytochemistry 5:243-249.
Clements, R.L., and Leland, H.V. 1962. An ion-exchange study of the free amino acids in the juices of six varieties of citrus. J. Food Sci. 27:20-25.
Coleman, R. L. 1975. d-Limonene as a degreasing agent, Citrus Ind. May. 56(11):23-25.
Connolly, J.D., Overton, K.H., and Polonsky, J. 1970. The chemistry and biochemistry of the limonoids and quassinoids. In Progress in Phytochemistry, Vol. 2, L. Reinhold, and Y. Liwschitz (Editors). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Coulson, D.M., Crowell, W.R., and Freiss, S.L. 1950. Polarography of reduced glutathione and glutathione-ascorbic acid mixtures. Amperometric method for determination of ascorbic acid. Anal. Chem. 22:525-529.
Croweil, P. L. ,Chang, R. R. ,Ren, Z. ,Elson, C. E. and Gould, M. N. 1991. Selective inhibition of isoprenylation of 21-26 Kda proteins by the anticarcinogen d-limonene and its metabolities, J. Biol. Chem. 266(26):17679-17685.
Cruse, R. R. and Lime, B. J. 1970. How to make whole citrus fruit puree, Food Eng. 42(6): 109-112, 115, 116.
Curl, A.L. 1965. The occurrence of β-citraurin and β-apo-8'-carotenal in the peels of California tangerines and oranges. J. Food Sci. 30:13-18.
Curl, A.L. 1967. Apo-10'-violaxanthal, new carotenoid from Valencia orange peels. J. Food Sci. 32:141-143.
Das, A., and Rao, C. V. N. 1965. Constitution of the glucan from mango, Mangifera indica L.2. Barry degradation studies. Aust. J. Chem. 18:845-850.
Das, N.P. and Pereira, T.A. 1990. Effects of flavonoids on thermal autoxidation of palm oil: structure-activity relationships. J.Am. Oil chem. Soc. 67(4): 255-258.
David M, Pavaj PK, John BS. 1987. Coumarins glycosides from Citrus flavedo. Phytochemistry. 26(9):2547-2549.
Davis, W.B. 1942. The distribution and preparation of citrus peroxidase. Am. J. Bot. 29: 252-254.
Davis, W.B. 1947. Determination of flavanones in citrus fruit. Anal. Chem. 19: 476-478.
Del. Rio, J.A. et al. 1998. Citrus polyimethoxylated flavones can confer resistance against phytophthora citrophthora, penicillium digitation and Geotrichum sp. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46: 4423-4428.
Dische, Z. 1947.A new specific color reaction of hexuronic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 167: 189-198.
Doesburg, J.J. 1965. Pectic substances in fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables. I.B.V.T. Commun. 25, Inst. Res. Storage Process. Hortic. Produce, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Doesburg, J.J. 1973. The pectic substances. In phytochemistry, The Process and Products of Photosynthesis. Vol. 1. E.P. Miller(Editor). Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Dreyer, D.L. 1965. Citrus bitter principles. Ⅲ. Isolation of deacetylnomilin and deoxylimonin. J. Org. Chem. 30:749-751.
Dreyer, D.L. 1966. Citrus bitter principles. Ⅵ. Ichangin. J. Org. Chem. 31:2279-2281.
Dreyer, D.L. 1968. Limonoid bitter principles. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 26:190-244.
Eckhard W., Sylvia S., James N. and George Y. 1989. External of Leaf Flavonoids of POLANISIA TRACHYSPERMA. Phytochemistry. 28(1):303-305.
Ehrlich, J. R. and Hess, H. 1985. Beverages obtained from alcoholic treatment of roasted citrus fruit peels, U. S. Pat. 4,497,842.
Elgamal M. H. A. et al. 1979.~(13)C NMR chemical shifts and carbon-proton coupling constants of some furocoumarins and furochromones. Phytochemistry. 18:139-143.
El-Sayed, S.T.; Jwanny, E. W.; Salem, A. M.; Mabrouk, N.A.; Shehata, A. N. 2001. Bioactivity of Egyptian orange(Citrus sinensis) peel against some microorganisms. Al-Azhar J. Microbiol. 51:83-98.
Elsbury, J. 1932. The preparation of candied peel. Food Manufact. 7:237-239.
Elson, C. E. and Yu, S. G. 1994. The chemoprevention of cancer by mevalonate-derived constituents of fruits and vegetables. J. Nutr. 124(5): 607-614.
Emerson, O.H. 1948. The bitter principles of citrus fruit. Ⅰ. Isolation of nimolin, a new bitter principle from the seeds of oranges and lemons. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 70:545-549.
Emerson, O.H. 1951. Bitter principles of citrus. Ⅱ. Relation of nomilin and obacunone. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73:2621-2623.
EPA. 1998. www. epa.gov/docs/REDs/3083.
Federal Register. 1994. d-Limonene. Tolerance exemption, 40CFR Part 180, Fed. Reg., Vol59. No. 89. May 10, 24055.
Feeney, R. D., Prosise, R. L. ,McGrade, J.,Niehoff, R. L. and Volker, D. A. 1988. Process for making brownies containing cellulosic fiber. U. S. Pat. 4,774,099.
Felicia V.; Guthrie, Najla; Chambers, Ann F.; Moussa, Madeleine; Carroll, Kenneth K. 1996. Inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and delay of mammary tumorigenesis by flavonoids and citrus juices. Nutr. Cancer. 26(2):167-181.
Fernandez-Flores, E., Kline, D.A., and Johnson, A.R. 1970. GLC Determination of organic acids in fruits and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 53:17-20.
Finan, P.A., and O'Colla, P.S. 1958. Composition of beet araban. Chem. Ind. 493-494.
Flath, R.A., Lundin, R.E., and Teranishi, R. 1966. The structure of β-sinensal. Tetrahedron Lett. 295-302.
Foote, P.A., and Gelpi, R.Z. 1943. Florida volatile oils. Ⅳ. Sweet orange. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 32:145-148 (CA. 37, 4858).
Gaddum, L.W. 1934. The pectic constituents of citrus fruits. Univ. Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 268.
Galati, Enza M.; Trovato, Ada; kirjavainen, Sinikka; Forestieri, Anna M,; Rossitto, Alfina; Monforte, M. 1996. Teresa Biological effects of hesperidin, a Citrus flavonoid. (Note Ⅲ): Antihypertensive and diuretic activity in rat. Farmaco. 51(3):219-221.
Gaydou, E.M.,Bianchini, J.P. 1987. Orange and madarin peel oil differentiation using polymethoxylated flavone composition. Journal of Agriucltural and Food Chemistry. 35:525-529.
Gepshtain, A., and Lifshitz, A. 1970. Organic acids of oranges juice. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 3.No. 6: 115-117.
Glicksman, M., Frost, J. R., Silverman, J. E. and Heyedus, E. 1985. Process for preraring a high quality, reduced-calorie cake, U. S, Pat. 4,526,799.
Goodwin, T.W., and Goad, L.J. 1970. Carotenoids and triterpenoids. In The Biochemistry of Fruit and Their Products, Vol. 1, A.C. Hulme (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Goren, R., and Goldschmidt, E.E. 1966. Peroxidase activity in citrus tissues. Phytochemistry 5:153-159.
Goren, R., and Monselise, S.P. 1965. Interrelations of hesperidin, some other natural components and certain enzyme systems in developing Shamouti orange fruits. J. Hortic. Sci. 40: 83-99.
Greenwood, C.T. 1970. Starch and glycogen. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2B, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editor). Academic Press. New York.
Grohmann, K., Manthey, J., and Cameron, R. 1999. Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of hesperidin at elevated temperatures. Carbohydrate Research. (Publication request approval date: September 24, 1999).
Gross, J., Carmon, M., Lifshitz, A., and Sklarz, B. 1975. Structure elucidation of some orange juice carotenoids. Phytochemistry 14: 249-252.
Guengerich, F. Peter; Kim, Dong Hyun. 1990. In vitro inhibition of dihydropyridine oxidation and aflatoxin B1 activation in human liver microsomes by naringenin and other flavonoids. Carcinogenesis (London). 11(12): 2275-2279.
Guenther, E. 1949. The Essential Oils, Vol. Ⅲ. D. Van Nostrand Book Co., New York.
Guenther, E.S., and Grimm, C.H. 1938. Identification of citral in California orange oil. J. Am. Chem. Soc.60, 933-934.
Guthrie, N.; Morley, K.; Hasegawa, Shin; Manners, Gary D.; Vandenberg, T. 2000. Inhibition of human breast cancer cells by citrus limonoids. ACS Symp. Ser. 758: 164-174.
Guzman, L.H., and Huet, R. 1970. The essential oil of lime in Mexico. Fruits 25: 887-899.
Hartmann, B.G., and Hillig, F. 1934. Acid constituents of food products: Special reference to citric, malic, and tartaric acids. J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 17: 522-531.
Hasegawa, S., and Maier, V.P. 1970. Biosynthesis of trans-cinnamate from phenylpyruvate and L-glutamate by cell-free extracts of grapefruit. Phytochemistry 9: 2483-2487.
Hasegawa, S., Maier, V.P., and Bennett, R.D. 1974. Detection of limonoate dehydrogenase activity in albedo tissues of Citrus sinensis. Phytochemistry 13: 103-105.
Hassid, W.Z., and Ballou, C.E. 1957. Oligosaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, W. Pigman(Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Hendrickson, R. and Kesterson, J. W. 1954. Recovery of citrus glycosides, Proc. FL. State Hort. Soc. 67: 199-203.
Hendrickson, R. and Kesterson, J. W. 1956. Glucoside azo dyestuffs. U. S. Pat. 2,748,107.
Hendrickson, R..and Kesterson, J. W. 1964. Hesperidin in Florida orange, FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No.683. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Hendrickson, R. and Resterson J. W. 1964. Hesperidin in Florida orange, FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull No. 683. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Herbst, E.J., and Snell, E.E. 1949. Putrescine and related compounds as growth factors for Hemophilus parainfluenzae 7901. J. Biol. Chem. 181: 47-54.
Higby, R. H. 1947. Methods for recovery of flavanone glycosides. U. S. Pat. 2,400,693.
Hijiya, H. and Miyake, T. 1997. α-Glycosl hesperidin and its uses. U. S. Pat. 5,627,157.
Hinton, C.L. 1939. Fruit pectins. Their chemical behaviour and jelling properties. Dep. Sci. Ind. Res. Spec. Rep. 48, London.
Hirst, E.L., Isherwood, F.A., Jerman, M.A., and Jones, J.K.N. 1949. Pear cell-wall cellulose. J. Chem. Soc. (Suppl.1)S182-184.
Hiwatari, Y. 1927. The nitrogenous components from the fruit of Citrus grandis Osbeck, form. Buntsn Hayat. J. Biochem. 7:169-173.
Hoefler, A. C. Sleap, J. A. and Trudso, J. E. 1993. Fat Substitute. U. S. Pat. 5,192,575.
Horano, T., Abe, K. et al. 1995. Citrus flavone tangeretin inhibits leukaemic HL-60 cell growtll partially through indiution of apotopsis with less cytotoxicity on normal lymphocytes. British Journal of cancer. 72:1380-1388.
Horowitz, R. M. and Gentili, B. 1977. "Flavonoids constituents of citrus." In Citrus Science and Technology, Vol. 1, S. Nagy, P. E. Shaw, and M. K. Veldhuis Eds. AVI, Westport, CT, Chap. 10, 110-207.
Hsu, A. C., Hasegawa, S., Maier, V.P., and Bennett, R.D. 1973.17-Dehydrolimonoate A-ring lactone, a possible metabolite of limonoate A-ring lactone in citrus fruits. Phytochemistry 12:563-567.
Huang SC, Chen MT, Wu TS. 1989. Alkaloids and coumarins from stem bark of Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 28(12):3574-3576.
Huet, R. 1982. Constituents of citrus fruits with pharmacodynamic effect: Citroflavoncids. Fruits. 37:267-271.
Huffaker, R.C., and Wallace, A. 1959. Dark fixation of CO_2 in homogenates from citrus leaves, fruits, and roots. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 74:348-356.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1964A. 2,4-p-Menthadiene. A new monoterpene from Valencia orange oil. J. Org. Chem. 29:498.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1964B. A rapid method for isolation and identification of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in cold-pressed grapefruit oil. Anal. Chem. 36:1122-1123.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1965A. Terpenes and sesquiterpenes in cold-pressed orange oil. J. Food Sci. 30:1-4.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Brogden, W.B., JR. 1965B. Analysis of the terpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in some citrus oils. J. Food Sci. 30:383-387.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Moshonas, M.G. 1965. Isolation and identification of alcohols in cold-pressed Valencia orange oil by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography. Anal. Chem. 37:378-380.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Moshonas, M.G. 1966. Analysis of alcohols in essential oils of grapefruit, lemon, lime and tangerine. J. Food Sci. 31:167-171.
Hunter, G.L.K., and Parks, G.L. 1964. Isolation of β-elemene from orange oil. J. Food Sci. 29:25-26.
Ikeda, R.M., Rolle, L.A., Vannier, S.H., and Stanley, W.L. 1962A. Isolation and identification of aldehydes in cold-pressed lemon oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 10:98-102.
Ikeda, R.M., Stanley, W.L., Rolle, L.A., and Vannier, S.H. 1962B. Monoterpene hydrocarbon composition of citrus oils. J. Food Sci. 27:593-596.
Isherwood, F.A. 1970. Hexosans, pentosans and gums. In The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vol. 1, A.C. Hulme(Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Itoch, T. et al. 1981. Co-occurrence of chondriliasterol and spinasterol in two cucurbitaceae seeds as showm by ~(13)C NMR. Phytochemistry. 20(4):761-764.
Itoigawa, M., Takeya, K. et al. 1994. Cardiotonic flavonoids from citrus plants (Rutaceae). Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17:1519-1521.
Jagroop S. Dahiya. 1991. Pentacyclic triterpenes from the fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytochemistry. 30(4):1235-1237.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Balls, A.K. 1952. Citrus amino peptidase. Fed. Proc. 11:236.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Balls, A.K. 1958. Citrus aminopeptidases. Arch. Biochem. 76:461-473.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Balls, A.K. 1960. Orange pectinesterase binding and its activity. Food Res. 25:64-72.
Jansen, E.F., Jang, R., and Mac Donnell, L.R. 1947. Citrus acetylesterase. Arch. Biochem. 15:415-431.
Jansen, E.F., MacDonnell, L.R., and Ward, W.H. 1949. The minimum size for the structural unit of pectin. Arch. Biochem. 21:149-157.
Jayaprakashk, G. K.; Singh, R. P.; Pereira, J.; Sakariah, K. K. 1997. Lomonoids from Citrus reticulata and their moult inhibiting activity in mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Phytochemistry. 44(5):843-846.
J. B. Harborne and T. J. Mabry. Edited. 1986.The Flavonoids Advances in Research. P458. CHAPMAN & HALL.
Johnson. T. M. 1994. Trends in citrus processing. Citrus Ind. Mag. 75(6):42,45,48,50.
Joseph, G. H. 1955. Pectic substances in the food industries. In The Use of Sugars and other Carbohydrates in the Food Industry, Series 12, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Joslyn, M.A. 1962. The chemistry of protopectin: A critical review of historical data and recent developments. In Advances in Food Research, Vol.1, C.O. Chichester, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart(Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Joslyn, M.A. 1962. The chemistry of protopectin: A critical review of historical data and recent developments. In Advances in Food Research, Vol.11, C.O. Chichester, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart(Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Joslyn, M.A., and Phaff, H.J. 1947. Recent advances in the chemistry of the pectic substances. Wallerstein Lab. Commun. 10:39-56.
J. P. Kutney and G. Eigendorf. 1969. Mass spectral fragmentation studies of triterpenes related to serratenediol~(12). Tetrahedron. 25:3753-3766.
Kakiuchi, N., and Ito, S. 1971. Fundamental studies on citrus juices. Ⅱ. Seasonal changes of organic acids and sugars of Natsudaidai and Fukuhara orange. Engei Shikenjo Hokoku, Ser. B 11:101-117.
Kazuya KosuGE, Katsuyoshi Mitsunaga, Kazuo Koike, and Taichi Ohmoto. 1994. Studies on the Constituents of Ailanthus integrifolia. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 42(8):1669-1671.
Kefford, J.F. 1959. The chemical constituents of citrus fruits. In Advances in Food Research, Vol. 9, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Kefford, J.F., and Chandler, B.V. 1970. The Chemical Constituents of Citrus Fruits. In Advances in Food Research, Suppl. 2, C.O. Chichester, E.M. Mrak, and G.F. Stewart (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Kenneth R. Markham et al.1990. Kaempferol 3-O-Sophoroside-7-O-α-L-Arabinofuranoside, Neohesperidosides and other Flavonoids from the Pyrrosia Serpens. Phytochemistry. 29(12):3919-3920.
Kertesz, Z.I. 1951. The Pectic Substances. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Kertesz, Z.I., and Lavin, M. 1954. On the determination of acetyl groups in pectic substances. Food Rev. 19:627-632.
Kesterson, J. W. and Hendrickson, R. 1953. Naringin, a bitter principle of grapefruit, Fl Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. No. 511, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1962. The composition of Valencia orange oil as related to fruit maturity. Am. Perfum. Cosmet. 77:21-24.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1963. Evaluation of cold-pressed Marsh grapefruit oil. Am.Perfum. Cosmet. 78:32-35.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1964. A comparison of red and white grapefruit oils. Am. Perfum. Cosmet. 79:34-36.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R. 1967. Curing Florida grapefruit oils. Am. Perfum. Cosmet. 82:37-40.
Kesterson, J.W., and Hendrickson, R., and Braddock, R.J. 1971. Florida citrus oils. Univ. Fla. Inst. Food Agric. Sci. Bull. 749.
Khan, M.U.D., and Mackinney, G. 1953. Carotenoids of grapefruit. Plant Physiol. 28:550-552.
Kim, Chang Johng; Chung, Jin Mo. 1990. Pharmacological activities of flavonoids(Ⅰ). Relationships between the chemical structure of flavonoids and their inhibitory activity against hypersensitivities. Yakhak Hoechi. 34(5):348-364.
Kirchner, J.G. 1961. Oils in peel, juice sac and seed. In The Orange, W.B. Sinclair (Editor). Univ. of California Press, Riverside.
Kirchner, J.G., and Miller, J.M. 1953. Volatile oil constituents of grapefruit juice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1:512-518.
Kirchner, J.G., and Miller, J.M. 1957. Volatile water-soluble and oil constituents of Valencia orange juice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 5:283-291.
Kloke, James A.; Kubo, Isav. 1982. Citrus limonoid by-products as insect control agents. Eutomol. Exp. Appl, 32(3):299-301.
Kubota, S., Fukui, H., and Anao, S. 1972. Free amino acids, organic acids, and sugars in citrus juices. Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn. 24:97-107.
Kugler, E., and Kovats, E. 1963. Information on mandarin peel oil Helv. Chim. Acta 46:1480-1513.
Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo; Yokoi, Katsumi. 1985. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoid glycosides in Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb.) peelings. Nippon Nogei Kayaku Kaishi. 59(7):683-687.
Kung, J.F., Bambara, P., and Perkins, F., JR. 1959. Gas chromatographic analysis of lemon oil. Abstr. 136th Meeting, Am. Chem. Soc., Atlantic City, N.J.
Lam LK, Hasegawa S. 1989. Inhibition of benzo[α]pyrene-induced forstomach neoplasia in mice by citrus limonoids. Nutr. Cancer. 12(1):43-47.
Lam L. K. T., Li Y. Nasegawa S. 1989. Effect of citrus limonoids on glutathione S-transferase activity in mice. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:878-880.
Lam L. K. T., Zhang, J. Hasegawa, S. 1994. Citrus limonoid reduction of chemically induced tumorigenesis. Food Technol. 48(11):104-108.
Leeper, G.F. 1973. Pectin ultrastructure. 1. Pectate elementary fibrils. J. Texture Stud. 4, 248-253.
Lifshitz, A., Stanley, W.L., and Stepak, Y. 1970. Comparison of Valencia essential oil from California, Florida and Israel. J. Food Sci. 35:547-548.
Lime, B.J., Stephens, T.S., and Griffiths, F.P. 1954. Processing characteristics of colored Texas grapefruit.Ⅰ. Color and maturity studies of Ruby Red grapefruit. Food Technol. 8:566-569.
Lund, E.D., and Bryan, W.L. 1976. Composition of lemon oil distilled from commercial mill waste. J. Food Sci. 41:1194-1197.
Lund, E.D., Coleman, R.L., and Moshonas, M.G. 1970. Nootkatene from citrus sinensis. Phytochemistry. 9:2419-2422.
MacLeod, W.D., and Buigues, N.M. 1964A. Sesquiterpenes. I. Nootkatone, a new grapefruit flavor constituents. J. Food Sci. 29:565-568.
MacLeod, W.D., and Buigues, N.M. 1964B. Lemon oil sesquiterpenes. Abstr. 147th Meeting, Am.Chem. Soc., Philadelphia, Pa.
Maier, V.P., and Hasegawa, S. 1970. L-Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and naringenin glycoside accumulation in developing grapefruit. Phytochemistry 9:139-144.
Maier, V.P., Hasegawa, S., and Hera, E. 1969. Limonin D-ring-lactone hydrolase. A new enzyme from citrus seeds. Phytochemistry 8:405-407.
Maier, V.P., and Margileth, D.A. 1969. Limonoic acid A-ring lactone, a new limonin derivative in Citrus. Phytochemistry 8:243-248.
Mak, Nai ki; Wong-Leung, Yee Ling; Chan, Shuk Chong; Wen, Sianming; Leung, Kwok Nam;Fung, Ming Chui. 1996. Isolation of anti-leukemia compounds from Citrus reticulata. Life Sci. 58(15):1269-1276.
Malachi, T., Gross, J., Lifshitz, A., and Sklarz, B. 1974. Flavedo carotenoid pigments of the ripe Washington Davel orange. Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. 7:330-334.
Mannapperuma, J. D. 1996. "Residual management in fruit processing plants." In Processing Fruits: Science and Technology, Vol1. Biology Principles and Applications, L. P.Somogyi et al. Chap. 15.461-499.
Manthey, J. 2000. Biological properties of flavonoids pertaining to inflammation. Microcirculation. (Publication request approval date: September 8,2000).
Manthey, J.A. and Grohmann, K. 1996. Concentrations of hesperidin and other orange peel flavonoids in citrus processing byproducts. J.Agric. Food chem.. 44(3):811-814.
Manthey, J., and Grohmann, K. 2000. Phenols in citrus peel byproducts. Concentration of hydroxycinnamates and polymethoxylated flavones in citrus peel molasses. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (Publication request approval date:December 27,2000)
Manthey, J.; Guthrie, N. and Grohmann, K. 2000. Biological properties of citrus flavonoids pertaining to cancer and inflammation. Current Medicinal Chemistry. (Publication request approval date: February 14,2000)
Manthey, N., and Guthrie, N. 2001. Antiproliferative activities of citrus flavonoids against 6 human cancer cell lines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. (Publication request approval date: December 17,2001).
Markham, K. R. et al. 1982. The Flavonoids: Advances in Research. P19-134. Chapman & Hall, London, New York.
Masuda, Toshiya; Muroya, Yukari; Nakatani, Nobuji. 1992. Coumarin constituents of the juice oil from Citrus hassaku and their spasmolytic activity. Biosic. Biotechnol. Biochem. 56(8):1257-1260.
Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Sawabe, Akiyoshi; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo. 1985A. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoids in citrus fruit peels. Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu. 27:702-709.
Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Yonemoto, Hiroyuki; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo; Yokoi, Katsumi. 1985B. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoid glycosides in sudachi peelings. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi. 59(4): 405-410.
Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Kumamoto, Hiroyasu; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Murakami, Tetsuo; Okamoto, Kozo; Miyake, Hideo; Yokoi, Katsumi. 1985C. Studies on physiologically active substances in citrus peel. Part Ⅱ. Structure and hypotensive effect of flavonoid glycosides in Citrus unshiu peelings. Agric. Biol. Chem. 49(4):909-914.
Matta, G. B. 1985. d-Limonene based aqueous cleaning composition, U. S. Pat. 4,511,488.
McBride, J. J. 1990. Limonene---a versatile chemical, Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf, 36:72-80.
McCready, R.M. 1970. Monosaccharides, Oligosaccharides. In Methods in Food Analysis, 2nd Edition, M.A. Joslyn(editor). Academic Press, New York.
McCready, R.M., and Gee, M. 1960. Determination of pectic substances by paper chrosmatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 8:510-513.
McCready, R.M., and Seegmiller, C.G. 1954. Action of pectic enzymes on oligogalacturonic acids and some of their derivatives. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 50:440-450.
McCready, R.M., Walter, E.D., and Maclay, W.D. 1950. Sugars of citrus juices. Food Technol. 4:19-20.
Menchikovsky, F., and Popper, S. 1932. Organic acids in Palestine grapefruit. Hadar 5:181-183.
Mendal, Michael J.; Alford, A. Randall; Rajab, Mohamed S.; Bentley, Michael D. 1993. Relationship of citrus limonoid structure to feeding deterrence against fall armyworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)larvae. Environ. Entomol. 22(1):167-173.
Merck.1996. The Merck Index on CD-Rom, 12thed.,Version 12:1, Chapman & Hall. New York.
Middleton, Elliott, Jr; Kandaswami, Theoharides, Theoharis C. 2000. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacol. Rev. 52(4):673-751.
Miller E G. Flanous R. Rivera-Hidalgo F et al. 1989. The effect of citrus limonoids on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis, 10:1535-1537.
Mills, S. H. and Tarr, R. E. 1992. Fruit juice plus citrus fiber from pulp, U. S. Pat. 5,162,128.
Ming TC, Lin LH, Wu TS. 1992. Antiplatelet actions of some coumarin compounds isolated from plant sources. Thromb Res. 66(5):549-557.
Minutilli, F., and Albanese, F. 1958. Quantitative determination of carbohydrates in fruit juices by ion-exchange chromatography. Rass. Chim. 10:14-16.
Mitchell, J. R. ,Buckley, K. and Burrows, I. E. 1979. Food binding agent, U. S. Pat. 4,143,172.
Miyake, Yoshiaki; Yamamoto, Kanefumi; Tsujihara, Nobuko; Osawa, Toshihiko. 1998. Protective effect of lemon flavonoids on oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Lipids. 33(7):689-695.
Monselise, S.P., and Halevy, A.H. 1961. Detection if lycopene in pink orange fruit. Science 133:1478.
Morimoto, Masanori; Kumeda, Sumiko; Komai, Koichiro. 2000. Insect antifeedant flavonoids from Gnaphalium affine D. Don. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48(5):1888-1891.
Moshonas, M.G. 1967. Isolation of piperitenone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one from orange oil. J. Food Sci. 32:206-207.
Moshonas, M.G. 1971. Analysis of carbonyl flavor constituents from grapefruit oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:769-770.
Moshonas, M.G., and Lund, E.D. 1969. Isolation and identification of aseries of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes from Valencia orange peel oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17:802-803.
Moshonas, M.G., and Lund, E.D. 1970. Aldehydes, ketones and esters in Valencia orange peel oil. J. Food Sci. 34:502-503.
Moshonas, M.G., and Shaw, P.E. 1974. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of tangerine peel oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22:282-284.
Moshonas, M.G., Shaw, P.E., and Veldhuis, M.K. 1972. Analysis of volatile constituents from Meyer lemon oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 20:751-752.
Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mami Inoue and kuniko Aoki. 1986. New acridone alkaloids from Citrus junos tanaka. Heterocycles. 24(6):1595-1597.
Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mami Inoue and Yukari Fujitani. 1985. Natsucitrine-Ⅰ, -Ⅱ: new acridone alkaloids from Citrus natsudaidai hayata. Heterocycles. 23(5):1131-1134.
Motoharu Ju-ichi, Yuko Takemura, Miki Azuma, Kiyoko Tanaka, Masayoshi Okano, Narihiko Fukamiya, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1991. New coumarins from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(9):2252-2255.
Myers, P.B., and Baker, G.L. 1934. Fruit Jellies. Ⅷ. The role of pectin. 4. The physico-chemical properties of pectin. Univ. Del. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 187.
Naves, Y.R. 1932. Oil of sweet oranges from French Guinan. Analytical characteristics and chemical composition. Parfums. Fr. 10. 160-181.
Naves, Y.R. 1947. The aldehyde fraction of essential oil of sweet orange. Perfum. Essent. Oil rec. 38:295-298,320.
Nelson, E.K. 1927. The non-volatile acids of the pear, quince, apple, loganberry, blueberry, cranberry, lemon and pomegranate. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 49:1300-1302.
Nelson, T. F. 1979. Newer applications for pectin. Food prod. Develop. 13(2):36,38.
Nelson, E. K., and Mottern, H.H. 1934. The occurrence of citral in Florida Valencia orange oil. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 56:1238-1239.
Nelson, E.K., Mottern, H.H., and Eddy, C.W. 1933. Nitrogenous constituents of Florida Valencia orange juice. Fruit Proc. J. 12:231-235.
Neukom, H. 1967. Pectic substances. Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. 14:636-651.
Newhall, W. F. 1959. Derivatives of(+)-limonene Ⅱ, 2-Amino-1-p-menthanols, J. Org Chem. 24:1673-1676.
Nomura, D., and Takahashi, S. 1952. Manufacture of Natsudaidai(A Chinese Citron)juice. Ⅰ. The organic acids in the juice. Hakko Kogaku Zasshi(J. Ferment. Technol.) 30:29-34.
NTP. 1990. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of d-limonene, U. S. Dept. Health & Human Services, Public Health Service, NIH Pub. No. 90-2802,NTP Technical Report No. 347, Research Triangle Park. NC.
Oberbacher, M.F., and Vines, H.M. 1963. Spectrophotometric assay of ascorbic acid oxidase. Nature 197:1203-1204.
Ohta h, Hasegawa S. 1995. Limonoids in pummelos [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck]. J Food Sci. 60(6):1284-1285.
Oighe, W.C.,Oighe, S.J.et al. 1994. Churacterization of orange juice (Citrus sinensis) by polymethoxylated flavones, Journal of Agricultural and Food chemistry. 42:2191-2195.
Ooghe, W.,Ooghe, S., et al. 1994. Characterization of orange juice by flavanone glycosides J. Agric, Food chem. Preceoling papar in this issue.
P. Joseph-Nathan, M. Dominguez and D. A. Drtega. 1984. Shift Reagent ~1H-NMR Study of Methoxycoumarins. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 21:1141-1144.
Parekh, L.J., Sakariah, K.K., amd Shah, V.J. 1970A. Carbohydrate metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida (citron). Ⅰ. Detection of the enzymes of the glycolytic cycle in the fruit tissues of Citrus acida. Enzymologia 38, No. 1:19-22.
Parekh, L.J., Sakariah, K.K., amd Shah, V.J. 1970B. Carbohydrate metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida (citron). Ⅱ. Glycolytic enzymes and glycolytic intermediates in the fruit tissues of Citrus acida during the development of the fruit. Enzymologia 38, No. 1:23-28.
Parekh, L.J., Sakariah, K.K., amd Shah, V.J. 1970C. Studies on carbohydrate metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida (citron). Ⅲ. Ascorbic acid metabolism in fruit tissues of Citrus acida at different stages of the development of the fruit. Enzymologia 38, No. 1:29-32.
Parish, M. E. and Higgins, D. P. 1989. Yeast and molds isolated from spoiling citrus products and by-products, J. Food Protect. 52(4):261-263.
Patrick, R. and Newhali, W. F. 1960. Fungicidal activity of some new amino alcohols synthesized from citrus (+)-limonene, J. Agr. Food Chem. 8(5):397-399.
Paul, S. M. 1997. Ascorbic acid compositions providing enhanced human immune system activity, U. S. Pat. 5,626,883.
Pazur, J.H. 1970. Oligosaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Pigman, W., and Horton, D. 1972. Structure and stereochemistry of the monosaccharides. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Pilnik, W., and Voragen, A.G.J. 1970. Pectic substances and other uronides. In The Biochemistry of Fruit and Their Products, Vol. 1, A.C. Hulme (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Pippen, E.L., McCready, R.M., and Owens, H.S. 1950. Gelation properties of partially acetylated pectins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72:813-816.
Poore, H.D. 1932. Analysis and composition of California lemon and orange oils. U. S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 241.
Poore, H. D. 1934. Recovery of naringin and pectin from grapefruit residue, Ind, Eng. Chem. 26(6):637-639.
Potty, V.H. 1969. Occurrence and properties of enzymes associated with mevalonic acid synthesis in the orange. J. Food Sci. 34:231-234.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970A. Mevalonate-activating enzymes in the orange. Phytochemistry. 9:99-105.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970B. Oxidation of geraniol by an enzyme system from orange. Phytochemistry 9:1003-1007.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970C. Formation of isoprenoid pyrophosphates from mevalonate by orange enzymes. Phytochemistry 9:1229-1237.
Potty, V.H., and Bruemmer, J.H. 1970D. Limonene reductase system in the orange. Phytochemistry 9:2319-2321.
Primo, E., Serra, J., and Montesinos, M. 1967. Manometric method for determination of pectin esterase in citrus juices. Rev. Agroquim. Tecnol. Aliment. 7, No. 1:105-110.
Primo Yufera, E., Sanchez, J., and Alberola, J. 1965. Detection of adulteration of citrus juices. Ⅲ. Identification of nonvolatile acids in orange juices from the United States. Rev. Agroquim. Tecnol. Aliment. 5:121-124.
Pritchett, D. E. and Merchant, H. E. 1946. The purification of hesperidin with formamide, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 68:2108-2109.
Prokopenko, O. P.; Spiridonov, V. N.; Litvinenko, V. I.; Chornobai, V. T.; Obolentseva, G. V.; Khadzhai, Ya. I.; Tatarko, Z. I. 1972. Phenol compounds of Helichrysum and their biological activity. Farm Zh. 27(4):3-7.
Pulley, G. N. and von Leesecke, H. W. 1939. Preparation of rhamnose from naringin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61(1):175-176.
Purcell, A., Houng, R.H., Schultz, E.F., and Meredith, F.I. 1968. The effect of artificial climate on the internal fruit color of redblush grapefruit. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 92:170-178.
Quarenghi de Riera, Marta V., Seeligmann, Peter. 1985. Effects of polymeyhoxylated flavonoids from Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) on the erythrocyte sedimentation rats. Acta. Farm Bonaerrense. 4(1):33-35.
Raaf, H. 1985. Tooth and mouth care agent. U. S. Pat. 4,559,224.
Radley, J.A. 1968. Starch and Its Derivatives, 4th Edition. Chapman and Hall, London. Richard Day(The Chaucer Press), Bungay, Suffolk, England.
Rama Bevi, J. and Bhattacharyya, P. K. 1977. Microbiological transformations of terpenes: Part ⅩⅩⅣ. Pathways of degradation of geraniol nerol and limonene by Pseudomonas incognita (linalool strain). Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 14:359-363.
Ramakrishnan, C.V., Parekh, L.J., and Sakariah, K.K. 1971. Fruit tissues of Citrus acida. I. Utilization of protein for respiration in mature fruit tissues of Citrus acida. Enzymologia 41, No. 1:40-46.
Ramaswamy A S. et al. 1972. Antibacterial action of some naturally occurring citrus bioflavonoids. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 10(1):72-73.
Ratty, A. K. Das, N. P. 1988. Effects of flavonoids on nonenzymic lipid peroxidation: structure-activity relationship. Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol. 39(1):69-79.
Raymond D. Bennett and Shin Hasegawa. 1980. Isolimonic acid, a new citrus limonoid. Phytochemistry. 19:2417-2419.
Riedel, H. R. 1983. Pralines made with candied orange or grapefruit peel, Confectionary production 48(10):526-528.
Robbins, R. C. 1975. Compositions and methods for disaggregating blood cells, U. S. Pat. 3,903,266.
Robbins, R. C. 1976. Regulatory action of phenyllenzo-γ-pyrone (PBP) derivatives on blood constituents affecting rheology in patients with covonary heart disease (CHD). Int. J.Vit. Nutr. Res. 46:338-347.
Robert J.Braddock. 1999A. Handbook of Citrus By-Products and Processing Technology. 200.
Robert J.Braddock. 1999B. Handbook of Citrus By-Products and Processing Technology. 215.
R. Tanaka, R. Tsuboi and S. Matsunaga. 1994A. Serratenes from the stem bark of picea jezoensis Carr. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 37(1):209-211.
R. Tanaka, C. Mun, Y. Suami and S. Matsunaga. 1994B. 30oxo-serratene triterpenoids from the stem bark of picea jezoensis Carr. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 35(6):1517-1522.
R. Tanaka, H. Senba, T. Minematsu, O. Muraoka and S. Matsunaga. 1995.21 α-hydroxy-3-methoxyserrat-14-en-30-al and other triterpenoids from the cuticle of picea jezoensis. Phytochemistry. 38(6):1467-1471.
R. Tanaka, K. Ohmori, K. Minoura and S. Matsunaga. 1996. Two new epoxyserratanes from the cuticle of picea jezoensis. J. Nat. Prod. 59:237-241.
R. Tanaka, K. Tsujimoto, Y. in and S. Matsunaga. 1997. New methoxytriterpene dione from the cuticle of picea jezoensis var. jezoensis. J. Nat. Prod. 60:319-322.
R. Tanaka, K. Tsujimoto, O. Muraoko and S. Matsunaga. 1998. Two serratane triterpenes from the stem bark of picea jezoensis var. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 47(5):839-843.
R. Tanaka, K. Tsujimoto and S. Matsunaga. 1999. Two serratane triterpenes from the stem bark of picea jezoensis var. hondoensis. Phytochemistry. 52:1581-1585.
Robards K., and Antolovich M. 1997. Analytical chemistry of fruit bioflavonoids a review. Analyst. 112:11R-34R.
Robertson, G.H., Clark, J.P., and Lundin, R. 1974. Dihydrochalcone sueeteners: Preparation of neohesperidin dihydvcchalcone, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev. 13(2):125-129.
Rockland, L.B. 1961. Nitrogenous constituents. In The Orange:Its Biochemistry and Physiology, W.B. Sinclair (Editor). Univ. Calif. Printing Dept., Calif.
Rockland, L.B., Underwood, J.C., and Beavens, E.A. 1950. Nitrogenous constituents of citrus-fruit juices. Calif. Citrogr. 35:490-492.
Rouse, A.H. 1967. Characteristics of oranges from 5-year-old trees. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc.80:222-227.
Rouse, A. H. 1977. "Pectin, Distribution, Significance."In Citrus Science and Technology, Vol. 1, S. Nagy, P. E. Shaw, and M. K. Veldhuis, Eds. ,AVI, Westport, CT, Chap. 4. 110-207.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1962. Seasonal changes occurring in the pectinesterase activity and pectic constituents of the component parts of citrus fruits. Ⅰ. Valencia oranges. J. Food Sci. 27:419-425.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1963. Effect of sub-freezing temperatures of component parts of citrus fruits with particular reference to the pectic constituents. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 76:295-301.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1964. Seasonal changes occurring in the pectinesterase activity and pectic constituents of the component parts of citrus fruits. Ⅱ. Pineapple oranges. J. Food Sci. 29:34-49.
Rouse, A.H., Atkins, C.D., and Moore, E.L. 1965A. Seasonal changes occurring in the pectinesterase activity and pectic constituents of the component parts of citrus fruits. Ⅲ. Silver cluster grapefruit. Food Technol. 19:673-676.
Rouse, A.H., and Knorr, L.C. 1969. Seasonal changes in pectinesterase activity, Pectins, and citric acid of Florida lemons. Food Technol. 23:829-831.
Rouse, A.H., Moore, E.L, and. Atkins, C.D. 1965B. Characteristics of oranges from three-year-old trees. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 78:283-288.
Rouseff, R. L., Martin, S. F., and Youtsey, C.O. 1987. Quantitative survey of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin in citrus..J. Agric. Food chem.. 35(6):1027-1030.
Rouseff, R.L., Ting, S.V. 1979. Quantitation of polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice by high-performance liquid chromatography. J.chromatogr. 176:75-87.
Rouseff, R.L. and Ting, S.V. 1979. "Analysis of polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice and fruit parts." In Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Food and Beverages, Vol.2, Academic, New York. 537-558.
Safina, G., and Sara, R. 1955. Amino acid in citrus juices. Ⅱ. Quantitative variations of amino acids during the vegetative period of the fruit and their relation to other components of juice. Conserve Deriv. Agrum. 4:93-98.
Sawabe, Akiyoshi; Kumamoto, Niroyasu; Matsubara, Yoshiharu. 1998. Structure-function relationship of bioactive compounds in citrus fruit peels. Recent Res. Dev. Agric. Biol. Chem. 2(1):143-166.
Sawamura M, Kurigawa T. 1988. Quantitively determination of vilatile constituents in the pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck forma Tosa-butan ). J Agric Food Chem. 86:567-569.
Sawamura M, Shichiri K, Ootani Y, et al. 1991. Volatile constituents of several varieties of Pummelos and characteristics among Citrus species. Agric Biol Chem. 55(10):2571-2578.
Schaffer, R. 1972. Occurrence, properties and preparation of naturally occurring monosaccharides (including 6-deoxy sugars). In Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 1A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Schormueller, J., Pfrogner, N., and Belitz, H.D. 1965A. Vegetable phosphatases. Ⅰ. Isolation and fractionation of phosphatasea from sweet orange. Z. Lebensm.-Unter.-Forsch. 127:57-61.
Schormueller, J., Pfrogner, N., and Holz, F. 1965B. Vegetable phosphatases. Ⅱ. Characterization of phosphatases from orange peel. Z. Lebensm.-Unter.-Forsch. 127:325-341.
Schwartz, H.M., Biedron, S.I., Von Holdt, M.M., and Rehm, S. 1964.A study of some plant esterases. Phytochemistry 3:189-200.
Schweisheimer, W. 1955. Extraction of California orange oil: The odor principle in orange skins. Reichstoffe u. Aromen 5, 396-398.; J. Sci. Food Agric. Abstr. Sec. Ⅰ:235(1956).
Scurti, F., and De Plato, G. 1908. The Chemical process of ripening; ripening of oranges. Stn. Sper. Agrar. Ital. 41:435-455.
Scurti, F., and De Plato, G. 1908. (1)The Chemical process of ripening. (2)The ripening of oranges. (3)The presences of asparagines and glutamine in lemons. Stn. Sper. Agrar. Ital. 41:456-470.
Seo, S. Tomita Y. and Tori, K. 1981. Biosynthesis of oleanene-and ursene-type triterpenes from [4-~(13)C] Mevalonolactone and [1,2-~(13)C_2] acetate in tissus cultures of Isodon japonicus Hara~1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103(8):2075-2080.
Serit M. Ishida M. Kim M et al. 1991. Antifeedants from citrus natsudaidai HAYATA against termite Reticulitermes speratus KOLBE. Agric. Biol. Chem. 55:2381-2385.
Shangzhen Zheng, Juncai Meng, Xuwei Shen, Dinyun Wang, Hua Fu and Qin Wang. 1997. Two new limonoids from the seeds of microula sikkimensis. Planta. Med. 63:379-380.
Shaw, P.E., and Coleman, R.L. 1971. Quantitative analysis of a highly volatile fraction from Valencia orange essence oil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 19:1276-1278.
Shaw, P.E., and Coleman, R.L. 1974. Quantitative composition of cold-pressed orange oils. J. Agric. Food Chem. 22:785-787.
Shaw, P.E., and Coleman, R.L. 1975. Composition and flavor evaluation of a volatile fraction from cold-pressed Valencia orange oil. Int. Flavours 6:190.
Sheppard E.P., and Boyd, E.M. 1970. Lemon oil as an expectorant inhalant. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 2(1):1-16.
Shioiri, H., and Katayama, O. 1955. Fruit juices. Ⅰ. Identification of free amino acids by the microbiological method. Shokuryo Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku 10:161-165.
Sichel G, Corsaro C, Scalla M et al. 1991. In vitro scavenger activity Of some flavonoids and melanins against O_2. Free Radical Biol. Med. 11:1-8.
Silber, R.E. et al. 1960. Paper chromatographic identification and estimation of the free amino acids in thirty-two fruits. Food Rev. 25:675-680.
Sinclair, W.B. 1961. Pectic substances. In The Orange: Its Biochemistry and Physiology, W.B. Sinclair (Editor). Univ. of California, Div. Agric. Sci. Riverside.
Sinclair, W.B. 1961. The Orange: Its Biochemistry and Physiology. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Sinclair, W.B. 1972A. The Grapefruit: Its Composition, Physiology, and Products. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley.
Sinclair, W. B. 1972B. "Grapefruit by products. Pectin." In the Grapeftuit. Its Composition, Physiology and Products, University of California. Press, Reverside, CA, Chap. 6. 524-530.
Sinclair, W.B., Bartholomew, E.T., and Nedvider, R.D. 1935. The isolation and distribution of nitrogen in dilute alkali-soluble proteins of healthy Valencia and Washington Navel orange fruits. J. Agric. Res. 50:173-180.
Sinclair, W.B., and Eny, D.M. 1947. Ether-soluble organic acids and buffer properties of citrus peels. Bot. Gaz. 108:398-407.
Slater, C.A. 1961. Composition of natural lime oil. Chem. Ind. 833-835.
Slater, C.A., and Watkins, W.T. 1964. Citrus essential oils. Ⅳ-Chemical transformations of lime oil. J. Sci. Food Agric. 15:657-664.
Smit, C.J.B., and Bryant, E.F. 1967. Properties of pectin fractions separated on diethyl-aminoethyl-cellulose columns. J. Food Sci. 32:197-199.
Snyder, R. P. 1970. Citrus pectin and dried pectin peel, Trans. Citrus Eng. Conf. 16:79-89.
Solarino, E. 1938. Formol titration of citrus juices. Ind. Ital. Conserve 13:32-33.
Soukup, R.J. and Parliament, T.H. 1984. Flavor and mouthfeel character in foodstuffs by the addition of bitter principles, U.S.pat. 4,479,972.
Srere, P.A., and Senkin, J. 1966. Citrate condensing enzyme in citrus fruit. Nature 212:506-507.
Stanek, J., Cerny, M., Kocourek, J., and Pacak, J. 1963. The Monosaccharides. Academic Press, New York.
Stanek, J., Cerny, M., and Pacak, J. 1965. the Oligosaccharides. Academic Press, New York.
Stanley, W.L. 1962. Volatile fruit flavors. Int. Fruchtsaftunion Ber. Wiss-Tech. Komm. 4:91-102.
Stanley, W.L., Ikeda, R.M., Vannier, S.H., and Rolle, L.A. 1961. Determination of the relative concentrations of the major aldehydes in lemon, orange and grapefruit oils by gas chromatography. J. Food Sci. 26:43-48.
Stepak, Y., and Lifshitz, A. 1971. Identification and determination of sugars in some fruit juices. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 54:1215-1217.
Steven Nagy; Philip E. Shaw; Matthew K. Veldhuis. 1977A. Citrus Science and Technology Vol 1:397.
Steven Nagy; Philip E. Shaw; Matthew K. Veldhuis. 1977B. Citrus Science and Technology Vol 1:407-419.
Stevens, K.L., Lundin, R.E., and Teranishi, R. 1965. Volatiles from oranges. Ⅲ. The structure of sinensal. J. Org. Chem. 30:1690-1692.
Stewart, I., and Wheaton, T.A. 1964A. l-Octopamine in citrus: Isolation and identification. Science 145:60-61.
Stewart, I., and Wheaton, T.A. 1964B. Phenolic amines in citrus juices. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 77:318-320.
Sunil K. Talapatra, Swapan K. Mukhopadhyay, Anup Bhattacharya. 1975. Methoxylated flavones of fortunella japonica. Phytochemistry. 14(1):309-310.
Swisher, H.E. 1975. Dehydrated citrus peel product, U. S. Pat. 3,868,466.
Szent-Gyorgyi, A. 1938. Methoden zur herstellung von Citrin [Preparation of citrin], Zeitschrift f. Physiol. Chem. 255:126-131;Chem. Abst. 32:9393.
Teng, C. M.; Li, H. L.; Yu, S. M.; Wu, T. S.; Huang, S. C.; Peng, I.S.; Huang, T. F.1992. Calcium-channel blocking effects of three coumarin compounds, isolated from Citrus grandis in rat thoracic aorta. Asia Pac. J. Pharmacol. 7(2):115-120.
Teranishi, R. et al. 1963. Volatiles from oranges. I. Hydrocarbons. Identified by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra. J. Food Sci. 28:541-545.
Terue Makita, Keiichi Ohta and Toshio Nakabayashi. 1980. New limonoid from the seeds of Citrus Natsudaidai. Agric. Biol. Chem. 44(3):693-694.
Thomas, A. F. and Bessière, Y. 1989. Limonene, Natural Products Rep. 6(3):291-309.
Thorpe, T.A., Maier, V.P., and Hasegawa, S. 1971. Phenyllalanine ammonialyase activity in citrus fruit tissue cultured in vitro. Phytochemistry 10:711-718.
Tian-Shung Wu, Chang-Sheng Kuoh and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1983. Acridone alkaloids and a coumarin from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 22(6):1493-1497.
Tian-Shung Wu and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1982. Constituents of Citrus depressa(Rutaceae). Characterizations of five new acridone alkaloids. Heterocycles. 19(2):273-277.
Tian-Shung Wu, Shiow-Chyn Huang and Jeng-Shiow Lai. 1994. Stem bark coumarins of Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 36(1):217-219.
Tian-Shung Wu, Shiow-Chyn Huang, Ting-Ting Jong and Jeng-Shiow Lai. 1986. Honyumine, a new linear pyranoacridone alkaloid from Citrus grandis Osbeck. Heterocycles. 24(1):41-43.
Ting, S.V., and Attaway, J.A. 1971. Citrus fruits. In The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vol. 2, A.C. Hulme(Editor). Academic Press, New York.
Ting, S. V. and Beszyck, E. T. 1961. The carbohydrates in the peel of oranges and grapefruit. J. Food Sci. 26(2):146-152.
Ting, S.V., and Deszyck, E.J. 1959. Isolation of l-quinic acid in citrus fruits. Nature 183:1401-1405.
Ting, S.V., and Deszyclk, E.J. 1961. The carbohydrates in the peel of oranges and grapefruit. J. Food Sci. 26:146-152.
Ting, S. V. and Rouseff, R. L. 1983. "Dietary fiber from citrus wastes: Characterization. "In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber, ACS Symp. Ser. 214, I. Furda, Ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C. Chap. 15.205-219.
Ting, S.V., and Vines, H.M. 1966. Organic acids in the juice vesicles of Florida 'Hamlin' orange and 'Marsh Seedless' grapefruit. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 88:291-297.
Townsley, P.M., Joslyn, M.A., and Smit, C.J.B. 1953. The amino acids in various tissues of citrus fruits and orange protein. J. Food Res. 18:522-531.
Trovato, A.; Monforte, M. T.; Forestieri, A. M.; Pizzimenti, F. 2000. In vitro anti-mycotic activity of some medical plants containing flavonoids. Boll. Chim. Farm. 139(5):225-227.
Udenfriend, S., Lovenberg, W., and Sjoerdsma, A. 1959. Physiologically active amines in common fruits and vegetables. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 85:487-490.
Underwood, J.C., and Rockland, L.B. 1953. Nitrogenous constituents in citrus fruits. Ⅰ. Some free amino acids in citrus juices determined by small-scale filter-paper chromatography. Food Res. 18:17-29.
U.S. Dep. Agric. 1962. Chemistry and Technology of Citrus, Citrus Products and Byproducts. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 98.
USDA. 1962. Chemistry and technology of citrus, citrus products and by-products. Agric. Hndbk. No. 98. USDA, Washington, D.C.
Vines, H.M., and Oberbacher, M.F. 1962. Ascorbic acid oxidase in citrus. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 75:283-286.
Vines, H.M., and Oberbacher, M.F. 1963. Citrus fruits enzymes. I. Ascorbic acid oxidase in oranges. Plant Physiol. 38:333-337.
Wang H, Cao G, Prior R L. 1997. Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:304-309.
Ward, K., JR., and Seib, P.A. 1970. Cellulose, lichenan and chitin. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol. 2A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Webb, D. R. ,Hysell, D. K. and Alden, C. L. 1988. Assessment of the chronic oral toxicity of d-limonene in dogs, Abstr. 356, Toxicologist 8(1):90.
Wheaton, T.A., and Stewart, I. 1965A. Feruloylputrescine: Isolation and identification from citrus leaves and fruit. Nature 206:620-621.
Wheaton, T.A., and Stewart, I. 1965B. Quantitative analysis of phenolic amines using ion-exchange chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 12:585-592.
Whistler, R.L., and Paschall, E.F. 1965. Starch: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York.
Whistler, R.L., and Paschall, E.F. 1966. Starch: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York.
Whistler, R.L., and Richards, E.L. 1970. Hemicelluloses. In The Carbohydrates, 2nd Edition, Vol.2A, W. Pigman, and D. Horton (Editors). Academic Press, New York.
Whistler, R.L., and Smart, C.L. 1953. Polysaccharide Chemistry. Academic Press, New York.
Wilson, K.W. 1969. Development of an oxalate or other organic acid index for estimating amounts of peel solids in orange and grapefruit paste, puree, and juice products. Unpublished final report prepared for USDA, Food Crops Utilization Res. Lab., Weslaco, Texas, by the Stanford Res. Inst., South Pasadena, Calif.
Wilson, R. G. et al. 1968. Solvent Effects In NMR Spectroscopy: solvent shifts of methoxyl rsonances in flavones induced by benzene; an aid to structure elucidation. Tetrabedron. 24:1407.
Windsor C. Cutting, Robert H. Dreisbach, and Fusako Matsushima. 1953. Antiviral Chemotherapy Ⅵ. Parenteral and other effects of flavonoids. Stanford Med. Bull. 11:227-229.
Winterstein, A., Studer, A., and Ruegg, R. 1960. New results of carotanoid research. Chem. Ber. 93:2951-2965.
Worth, H.G.J. 1967. The chemistry and biochemistry of the pectic substances. Chem. Rev. 67:465-473.
Wu TS. 1987. Baiyumine-A and -B acridone alkaloids from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 26(3):871-872.
Wu TS. 1988. Alkaloids and coumarins of Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 27(11):3717-3718.
Wu TS, Huang SC, Jong TT, et al. 1988. Coumarins, acridone alkaloids and a flavone from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 27(2):585-587.
Wu TS, Huang SC, Lai JS. 1994. Stem bark coumarins glycosides from Citrus flavedo. Phytochemistry. 36(1):217-219.
Wu TS, Huang SC, Wu P. 1996. Buntanbismine, a bisacridone alkaloid from Citrus grandis F Buntan. Phytochemistry. 42(1):221-223.
Wu TS, Kuoh CS, Furukawa H. 1983. Acridone alkaloids and a coumarin from Citrus grandis. Phytochemistry. 22(6):1493-1497.
Yokotama, H., Guerrero, H., and Boettger, H. 1970. Triphasiaxanthin, a new carotene. J. Org. Chem. 35:2080-2082.
Yokoyama, H., Guerrero, H., and Boettger, H. 1972. Recent studies on the structure of citrus carotrnoids. Adv. Food Res. Suppl. 3:1-7.
Yokoyama, H., and White, M.J. 1968. Citrus carotenoids. Ⅷ. The isolation of semi-β-carotenone and β-carotenone from citrus relatives. Phytochemistry 7:1031-1034.
Yoshihiko Ozaki, Masaki Miyake, Hisao Maeda, Yasushi Ifuku, Raymond D. Bennett and Shin Hasegawa. 1991. Limonoid Glucosides in TETRADIUM RUTAECARPA. Phytochemistry. 30(7):2365-2367.
Yoshimura, K. 1918. isolation of betaine and stachydrine from citrus. Japan Bull. 3:1.
Young, R.E., and Biale, J.B. 1968. Carbon dioxide effects on fruits. Ⅲ. The fixation of ~(14)C-labelled carbon dioxide in lemons in an atmosphere enriched with carbon dioxide. Planta 81:253-263.
Yuko Takemura, Hisayo Kawaguchi, Satomi Maki, Motohura Ju-ichi, Mitsuo Omura, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1996. Studies on the constituents of Yalaha. Structures of a new acridone alkaloid and two new coumarins. Chem. Pham. Bull. 44(4):804-809.
Yuko Takemura, Junko Takaya, Yuko Okamura, Yasue Arima, Tomomi Atarashi, Noriko Nagareya, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Mitsuo Omura, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1998A. Four new acridone-coumarin dimmers from a Citrus plant. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46(10):1518-1521.
Yuko Takemura, Masako Wada, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1998B. A new dimeric acridone alkaloid from Citrus paradisi Macf. Chem. Pham. Bull. 46(4): 693-696.
Yuko Takemura, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Tomoko Kurozumi, Chihiro Ito, Kiyomi Nakagawa, Mitsuo Omura and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1993C. Structural elucidation of citrumarins: Four novel binary coumarins isolated from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(1):73-76.
Yuko Takemura, Tomoko Kurozumi, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Masayoshi Okano, Narihiko Fukamiya, Chihiro Ito, Tomohisa Ona and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1993B. The structures of neoacrimarines-C and -D, two new acridone-coumarin dimmers from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(10):1757-1759.
Yuko Takemura, Toshimi Nakata, Hiromi Uchida, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Keiichiro Hatano, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1993A. Structure of claudimerin-A, a novel dimeric coumarin from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 41(11):2061-2062.
Yuko Takemura, Toshimi Nakata, Motoharu Ju-ichi, Masayoshi Okano, Narihiko Fukamiya, Chihiro Ito and Hiroshi Furukawa. 1994. Three new bicoumarins from Citrus hassaku. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 42(6):1213-1215.
Yuko Takemura, Yoko Matsushita, Noriko Nagareya, Masami Abe, Junko Takaya, et al. 1995. Citbismine-A, -B and -C, new binary acridone alkaloids from Citrus plants. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 43(8):1340-1345.
Yusa, Takehiko; Matsubara, Yoshiharu; Sawabe, Akiyoshi; Iizuka, Yoshitomi; Okamoto, Kozo. 1992. Structures and physiological activity of coumarins in hassaku(Citrus hassaku Hort.). Zabon(C. grandis Osbeck) and amanatsu(C. natsudaidai) peels. Yukagaku. 41(3):249-251.
Yoshihiko Ozaki, Masaki Miyake, Hisao Maeda, Yasushi Ifuku, Raymond D. Bennett and Shin Hasegawa. 1991. Limonoid Glucosides in TETRADIUM RUTAECARPA. Phytochemistry. 30(7):2365-2367.
Zechmeister, L., and Tuzson, P. 1936. The polyene pigment of the orange. Ber. 69:1878-1884.
Zechmeister, L., and Tuzson, P. 1937. Polyene pigment of the orange. Ⅱ. Citraurin. Ber. 70:1966-1969.
Zhuang, Ping; Huang, Mingyuan. 1994. A comparison of pharmacological activities of effective constients in Zhishi(Citrus aurantium). Zhongcaoyao. 25(8):419-421.
Ziegler, E. 1971. The examination of citrus oils. Flavour Ind. 647-653.
Zitco, V., and Bishop, C.T. 1965. Fractionation of pectins from sunflowers, sugar beets, apples, and citrus fruits. Can. J. Chem. 43:3206-3214.
Zuber, H. 1964. Purification and properties of a new carboxypeptidase from citrus fruit. Nature 201:613.
Zuber, H. 1968. Purification and properties of citrus fruit carboxypeptidase. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 349:1337-1352.