时空路网交通拥堵预测与疏导决策方法研究
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摘要
随着汽车保有量的不断增加,世界各大城市的交通拥堵日益严重,交通拥堵使行程时间增加、运营成本上升、交通事故增多、交通环境恶化,严重阻碍和制约着城市交通的协调发展,如何从根本上缓解交通拥堵,已成为解决城市交通问题的关键课题之一。科学预测时空路网交通拥堵程度,充分掌握时空路网上未来各时刻所有地点的交通拥堵状况,以合理引导车流,使更多的驾驶员选择出行时间最短的路径出行,从而有效地缓解城市交通拥堵具有重要的现实意义。本文以常发性交通拥堵为研究对象,从对时空路网交通流特性的研究入手,以整个路网的交通拥堵程度最小为目标,探讨时空路网交通拥堵预测与疏导决策的理论和方法,主要对以下几个方面的内容进行了研究:
     1.在详尽评述国内外研究现状的基础上,阐述了时空路网交通拥堵的概念和基本属性;概述了时空路网交通流的特性;探讨了时空路网交通拥堵预测的可行性;分析了造成时空路网交通拥堵的相关因素,如路段与交叉口的通行能力约束、时空路网中交通流的传递条件及约束条件等;介绍了交通流信息,如交通流量和行程时间等的采集与处理技术。
     2.通过对各交通流参数获取难易程度、可预测性以及对路网交通拥堵程度评判作用大小的综合比选,选取了时空路网交通拥堵判定的各级指标,运用层次分析法建立了时空路网交通拥堵判定的指标体系以及相应的模糊综合评判模型。
     3.建立了车辆通过信号交叉口和无信交叉口两种情况的动态路径行程时间模型,提出了用于时空路网交通量短时预测的双点模型和多点模型,建立了时空路网交通拥堵预测的P-S-F模型,该模型可以预测路网上不同时刻所有路段和交叉口的交通流参数,进而预测单个路段、单个交叉口、所有路段、所有交叉口以及整个路网的交通拥堵程度,为车辆路径引导提供了科学的理论依据。
     4.针对路网上交通流信息的不确定性,以Beacmann交通均衡分布理论为依据,建立了基于熵权分析法的交通拥堵疏导决策的灰色模糊模型,并将该决策模型作为核心技术初步构建了时空路网交通拥堵疏导决策框架。
     论文主要创新性工作为:
     1.选取了路网交通拥堵的判定指标,运用层次分析法建立了时空路网交通拥堵的评价指标体系:
     2.建立了时空路网交通拥堵的综合模糊评判模型,为时空路网上交通拥堵的定量描述提供了科学依据;
     3.构建了时空路网交通拥堵预测的P-S-F模型,用该模型可以预测单个路段、单个交叉口、所有路段、所有交叉口以及整个路网的交通拥堵度;
     4.建立了基于交通均衡分布理论的时空路网交通拥堵疏导决策的灰色模糊模型;
     5.初步构建了时空路网交通拥堵疏导决策框架。
With increase of vehicles, traffic congestions in the big cities of the world are more deteriorated, which increase travel time, the fuel fee of automobiles, traffic accidents, and deteriorate the environment, restrict the city traffic develops well, as a result, how to catabate traffic congestions drastically has been a key means to resolve the problem of city traffic. Predict the degree of traffic congestion in the time-space road network scientifically in order to master the traffic conditions of all sites at all time in the future to induce the traffic flow reasonably ,and more drivers select the shortest route for the catabation of the traffic congestion has important practical significance. The paper researched the routine traffic congestion, firstly introduced the time-space distribution characteristic of traffic flow, its object is to make traffic congestion degree of the road network be minimal, probed into the theory and method for prediction the traffic congestion degree of the time-space road network as well as the leading and decision method. The paper researched the following parts mainly:
     1. On the basis of reviewing the traffic congestion research literatures, expatiated the basic conception and attribute of traffic congestion, summarized the time-space distribution characteristic of traffic flow, probed into the feasibility to predict traffic congestion, analyzed the correlated factors of traffic congestion, such as the capabilities of sections and crosses, transfer and restriction of the traffic flow.
     2. Contrasts the difficulty to obtain and predict all the traffic flow parameters, selected all the parameters to estimate traffic congestion of the road network, build the index system and fuzzy integrated evaluation model to determine the traffic congestion degree of time-space road network.
     3. Built the travel time model for the situation when there is signal cross or nonsignal cross, puts forward the double sites and multi-sites models for short term traffic flow prediction, build the P-S-F model to predict traffic congestion degree of time-space road network, the model can be used to predict the traffic congestion degree of single section, single cross, all sections, all crosses and the road network, which provides scientific theory basis for inducing the crowded traffic flow.
     4. For traffic flow is uncertain, the paper built the fuzzy grey model to lead traffic congestions based on entroy weight analysis method, and the decision frame for leading traffic congestions based on equilibrium distributing theory of traffic flow.
     The innovations brought out in this paper are as follows:
     1. Selected all the parameters to estimate traffic congestion of time-space road network, and build its index system with analytic hierarchy process.
     2. Built the fuzzy integrated evaluation model to estimate traffic congestion degree of the time-space road network, which provides scientific bases to describe the traffic congestion degree of the time-space road network quantificationally.
     3. Built the P-S-F model to predict traffic congestion degree of time-space road network, the model can beused to predict the traffic congestion degree of single section, single cross, all sections, all crosses and the road network, which provides scientific theory basis to induce the crowded traffic flow.
     4. Built one fuzzy grey model to lead traffic congestions based on equilibrium distributing theory of traffic flow.
     5. Built the decision frame for leading traffic congestions based on equilibrium distributing theory of traffic flow.
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