Y型轧机轧辊的多目标优化设计
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摘要
有限单元法是在当今工程分析中获得最广泛应用的数值计算方法。该分析软件ANSYS能够同时进行结构、热、流体、电磁、声学的高级多物理场耦合分析。ANSYS软件的目标设计优化模块应用的基本原理是:采用曲线拟合的方法,通过复杂的二次方程式形式人为的形成目标函数及约束函数的近似函数表达式,目标函数和约束函数的系数采用加权最小二乘法,通过误差来确定,再利用各种优化方法,通过优化迭代,得到目标函数的极值。
本文以Y型轧机轧制铝材为基本实体模型,根据前人的研究成果及作者的探索,计算相应的平均单位压力,确定边界约束条件,应用参数化建模在ANSYS中进行轧辊静力分析;生成优化分析文件,应用ANSYS优化方法通过加权对轧辊尺寸分别进行单目标和多目标优化设计,得出优化过程中的等效应力和位移变化曲线及云图;应用模糊数学中一级综合评判确定优化最好的一组方案。
以三维立体软件Pro/E为平台,对其进行实体建模,并以ANSYS中的动力学模块LS-DYNA为分析工具,对轧制铝材进行模拟,得出轧制过程中轧制变形区的应力、应变的分布情况。并将模拟后的位移变形与优化过程中得到的结果进行比较,验证其计算精度。
The finite element method is the most widely used numerical calculation in today's engineering analysis.The analysis software ANSYS can simultaneously carry on the structural, thermal, fluid, electromagnetic, acoustic and more senior physics field coupling analysis. The basal principle that the software’s objective design optimization module applies is as follows. Adopting the curve fitting method and complex quadratic equation to form man-made the approximative function expression about objective function and constraint function, modulus of functions is determined through error by the weighted least squares method.then through iterative optimization by make use of various optimization method to obtain the objective function extremum.
The dissertation use Y rolling mill rolling aluminum as entity model. Based on the research production of predecessor and investigation of the author, corresponding rolling force and boundary constraints are determined. Then build a parametric model in the ANSYS to perform the static analysis. Roller is optimized through multi-objective optimization method, we obtain nephograms of stress and displacement curves from optimization process. Comprehensive evaluation of fuzzy math is applied to identify the best optimization program.
The three-dimensional models of rolling are established with Pro/E. Based on the dynamics module LS-DYNA, the procedure of rolling aluminum is simulated. The nephograms of stress and strain of rolling deformed area and the curve of roll force during rolling are obtained. Compared the result with the other result which comes from optimization, the precision of calculation will be verified.
本文以Y型轧机轧制铝材为基本实体模型,根据前人的研究成果及作者的探索,计算相应的平均单位压力,确定边界约束条件,应用参数化建模在ANSYS中进行轧辊静力分析;生成优化分析文件,应用ANSYS优化方法通过加权对轧辊尺寸分别进行单目标和多目标优化设计,得出优化过程中的等效应力和位移变化曲线及云图;应用模糊数学中一级综合评判确定优化最好的一组方案。
以三维立体软件Pro/E为平台,对其进行实体建模,并以ANSYS中的动力学模块LS-DYNA为分析工具,对轧制铝材进行模拟,得出轧制过程中轧制变形区的应力、应变的分布情况。并将模拟后的位移变形与优化过程中得到的结果进行比较,验证其计算精度。
The finite element method is the most widely used numerical calculation in today's engineering analysis.The analysis software ANSYS can simultaneously carry on the structural, thermal, fluid, electromagnetic, acoustic and more senior physics field coupling analysis. The basal principle that the software’s objective design optimization module applies is as follows. Adopting the curve fitting method and complex quadratic equation to form man-made the approximative function expression about objective function and constraint function, modulus of functions is determined through error by the weighted least squares method.then through iterative optimization by make use of various optimization method to obtain the objective function extremum.
The dissertation use Y rolling mill rolling aluminum as entity model. Based on the research production of predecessor and investigation of the author, corresponding rolling force and boundary constraints are determined. Then build a parametric model in the ANSYS to perform the static analysis. Roller is optimized through multi-objective optimization method, we obtain nephograms of stress and displacement curves from optimization process. Comprehensive evaluation of fuzzy math is applied to identify the best optimization program.
The three-dimensional models of rolling are established with Pro/E. Based on the dynamics module LS-DYNA, the procedure of rolling aluminum is simulated. The nephograms of stress and strain of rolling deformed area and the curve of roll force during rolling are obtained. Compared the result with the other result which comes from optimization, the precision of calculation will be verified.
引文
1《高速轧机线材生产》编写组.高速轧机线材生产.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995:1-3
2张少渊.新型单传动轴可调式三辊120°Y型轧机.世界有色金属,2002,3(12):63-64
3胡海萍,孙吉先,朱为昌.Y型三辊轧制变形过程有限元模拟与实验.北京科技大学学报,1999,21(4):372-375
4王廷溥.轧钢工艺学.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982:85
5马鞍山钢铁设计院.中小型轧钢机械设计与计算.北京:冶金工业出版社,1979:64-70
6王邦文.新型轧机.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:111-114
7博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:2-3 51-52
8王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:1
9署恒木.工程有限单元法.第2版.东营:石油大学出版社,2002:1
10宋剑锋.万能型钢轧机机架有限元模拟计算及形状优化设计.[燕山大学工学硕士学位论文].2004: 13-14
11李人宪.有限元法基础.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:3
12朱加铭,欧贵宝,何蕴增.有限元与边界元法.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002: 7-9
13白崴,喻海良.通用有限元分析ANSYS8.0基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:7
14叶先磊,史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:2
15刘坤,吴磊.ANSYS有限元方法精解.北京:国防工业出版社,2004:3
16 Noroman L.et al.Spindle involvement in rolling mill vibration.Iron and Steel Eeg,1992(8):24-26
17温殿英,张建,叶金铎.三辊Y型轧机轧制压力的计算.重型机械,1997,4(1):31-34
18邹家详.轧钢机械.修订版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1989:43 89-92
19胡仁喜.ANSYS8.2机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:310-311
20戴磊.参数化有限元建模及动态修改.[大连理工大学工学硕士学位论文].2000:29-34
21 Haftka R.T.,Grandhi R.V..Structural shape optimization-Asurvey,Comp,Meth.Appl.Mec.Engrg.,1986:91-106
22 Mota Soarea C.A.(Ed.).Computer Aided Optimal Design:Structural and MechanicalSystems,Springer-Verlag,1987:45-51
23董兴辉.参数化的轧辊智能计算机辅助设计.特钢技术,2003,8(37):45-47
24龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:41-44 246-250
25贺毓辛.现代轧制理论.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993:96-106
26龚曙光,邱爱红,谢桂兰,基于有限元分析的零部件优化设计研究与应用.机械,2002,29(5):23-27
27陈立周.机械优化设计方法.北京:冶金工业出版社,1985:1-4
28 Ansys Finite Element Analysis Design Optimization Series. Swanson Analysis System,INC,1989:3-6
29郭仁生.优化设计应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003: 1-3
30 O.C. Zienkiewicz, J.S. Compbell, Shape optimization structural and sequential linear program ming, in:R.H.Gallagher and O.C.Zienkiewicz,eds.,Optimum Structural Design(Wiley,New York,1973):109-126
31 V.Braibant,C.Fleury. Shape optimal design using B-splines. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1984,44(3):247-267
32 M.E.Botkin,Shape optimization of plate and shell structures.AIAA J,1982,20(2):268-273
33 Gutkowski Witold,Dems Krzysztof, Shape optimization of a 2D body subjected to several loading conditions[J].Engineering Optimization,1997,29(1):293-311
34 S.D.Rajan,A.D.Belegundu, Shape optimization design using fictitious loads[J].AIAA Journal,1989,27(1):102-107
35田福祥.机械优化设计与应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1998: 1-9
36刘惟信,孟嗣宗.机械最优化设计.清华大学出版社,1986:1-10
37牛晓明,卢锷.有限元法与优化技术相结合的方法及应用.光学精密工程,1995, 3(6):107-112
38 ANSYS,Inc.Theory Release 5.7. Edited by Peter Kohnke,Ph.D.,2001:20.1-20.18 21.1-21.25
39 ANSYS Engineering Analysis System Theoretical Manual. Swanson Analysis System,INC,1988:2-4
40李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析使用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:322-339
41博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:166-180
42李浩月,周天朋. ANSYS工程计算应用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:369-390
43 A.E.克里渥谢耶夫.铸造轧辊生产理论与工艺基础.北京:中国工业出版社, 1962:128-131
44谢庆生,罗延科,李屹.机械工程模糊优化方法.北京:机械工程出版社,2002:73-83 134-143
45 Rao S S.Multi-objective Optimization of fuzzy Structural System.Int,J.Number,Methods in Eng,1987:1158-1170
46 Reklaitis G V, Ravindran A, Ragsdell K M.Engineering Optimization—Methods and Application. New York: John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1983:13-21
47 Liu Yang Song. Fuzzy optimization of main design Parameters of disc brake system in rigs. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON“SYSTEMS CONTROL INFORMATION”METHODOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS,WU HAN,1994:78-85
48刘扬松,李文方.机械设计的模糊学方法.北京:机械工程出版社,1996:22-33 130-148
49章红梅,王贵成.基于模糊可靠性理论高速线材轧辊优化设计的研究.机电产品开发与创新,2003,1(6):28-29
50杨成美,苪延年,章红梅.高速线材轧辊模糊可靠性优化设计的研究.机电工程技术,2004,33(4):34-35
51杨薇,官德娟.模糊方法论的发展及其在机械工业中的应用.昆明理工大学学报,2001:427-430
52陈举华,辛有华,王寿佑.机械结构的模糊优化设计.模糊系统与数学,1996,10(1):83-86
53张俊福,邓本让,朱玉仙,刘启千.应用模糊数学.北京:地质出版社,1988:270-280
54伍建强,钱永久,贺丽.LS-DYNA在工程结构抗爆中的应用.四川建筑科学研究,2005,31(5):1-3
55 ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法[Z].北京理工大学ANSYS/LS-DYNA中国技术支持中心,1999:3-5
56 JOHNSON G R.,STRYK R A.Incorporation of an SPH option into the EPIC code for a wide range of high velocity impact computations [J]. Int. J. ImpactEngineering,1993,14(3):23-25
57尚晓江,苏建宇.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:67-72
58白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.北京:科学出版社,2005:5
59钟日铭.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0中文版机械设计实例教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007:43-51
60李世国,李强.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire中文版范例教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:1 246-272
61 Ansys Company,《ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法》,2003:215-235
62 Ansys, inc. ANSYS/LS-DYNA User`s Guide, August 2003:128-135
63 Livemore Software Technology Corporation. LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual.2004:253
64何涛,洋竞,金鑫.ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析实例指导教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2007:111-128
65 Livemore Software Technology Corporation. LS-POST:A New Post Processor for LS-DYNA.2003:335-339
66 Livemore Software Technology Corporation. LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual.2004:123-129
67 John O. Hallquist, ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D Theoretical Manual, Livemore Software Technology Corporation, May 2002:221-234
2张少渊.新型单传动轴可调式三辊120°Y型轧机.世界有色金属,2002,3(12):63-64
3胡海萍,孙吉先,朱为昌.Y型三辊轧制变形过程有限元模拟与实验.北京科技大学学报,1999,21(4):372-375
4王廷溥.轧钢工艺学.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982:85
5马鞍山钢铁设计院.中小型轧钢机械设计与计算.北京:冶金工业出版社,1979:64-70
6王邦文.新型轧机.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:111-114
7博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品基础教程与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:2-3 51-52
8王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:1
9署恒木.工程有限单元法.第2版.东营:石油大学出版社,2002:1
10宋剑锋.万能型钢轧机机架有限元模拟计算及形状优化设计.[燕山大学工学硕士学位论文].2004: 13-14
11李人宪.有限元法基础.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:3
12朱加铭,欧贵宝,何蕴增.有限元与边界元法.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2002: 7-9
13白崴,喻海良.通用有限元分析ANSYS8.0基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:7
14叶先磊,史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:2
15刘坤,吴磊.ANSYS有限元方法精解.北京:国防工业出版社,2004:3
16 Noroman L.et al.Spindle involvement in rolling mill vibration.Iron and Steel Eeg,1992(8):24-26
17温殿英,张建,叶金铎.三辊Y型轧机轧制压力的计算.重型机械,1997,4(1):31-34
18邹家详.轧钢机械.修订版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1989:43 89-92
19胡仁喜.ANSYS8.2机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:310-311
20戴磊.参数化有限元建模及动态修改.[大连理工大学工学硕士学位论文].2000:29-34
21 Haftka R.T.,Grandhi R.V..Structural shape optimization-Asurvey,Comp,Meth.Appl.Mec.Engrg.,1986:91-106
22 Mota Soarea C.A.(Ed.).Computer Aided Optimal Design:Structural and MechanicalSystems,Springer-Verlag,1987:45-51
23董兴辉.参数化的轧辊智能计算机辅助设计.特钢技术,2003,8(37):45-47
24龚曙光.ANSYS工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:41-44 246-250
25贺毓辛.现代轧制理论.北京:冶金工业出版社,1993:96-106
26龚曙光,邱爱红,谢桂兰,基于有限元分析的零部件优化设计研究与应用.机械,2002,29(5):23-27
27陈立周.机械优化设计方法.北京:冶金工业出版社,1985:1-4
28 Ansys Finite Element Analysis Design Optimization Series. Swanson Analysis System,INC,1989:3-6
29郭仁生.优化设计应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003: 1-3
30 O.C. Zienkiewicz, J.S. Compbell, Shape optimization structural and sequential linear program ming, in:R.H.Gallagher and O.C.Zienkiewicz,eds.,Optimum Structural Design(Wiley,New York,1973):109-126
31 V.Braibant,C.Fleury. Shape optimal design using B-splines. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1984,44(3):247-267
32 M.E.Botkin,Shape optimization of plate and shell structures.AIAA J,1982,20(2):268-273
33 Gutkowski Witold,Dems Krzysztof, Shape optimization of a 2D body subjected to several loading conditions[J].Engineering Optimization,1997,29(1):293-311
34 S.D.Rajan,A.D.Belegundu, Shape optimization design using fictitious loads[J].AIAA Journal,1989,27(1):102-107
35田福祥.机械优化设计与应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1998: 1-9
36刘惟信,孟嗣宗.机械最优化设计.清华大学出版社,1986:1-10
37牛晓明,卢锷.有限元法与优化技术相结合的方法及应用.光学精密工程,1995, 3(6):107-112
38 ANSYS,Inc.Theory Release 5.7. Edited by Peter Kohnke,Ph.D.,2001:20.1-20.18 21.1-21.25
39 ANSYS Engineering Analysis System Theoretical Manual. Swanson Analysis System,INC,1988:2-4
40李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析使用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005:322-339
41博弈创作室.ANSYS9.0经典产品高级分析技术与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:166-180
42李浩月,周天朋. ANSYS工程计算应用教程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002:369-390
43 A.E.克里渥谢耶夫.铸造轧辊生产理论与工艺基础.北京:中国工业出版社, 1962:128-131
44谢庆生,罗延科,李屹.机械工程模糊优化方法.北京:机械工程出版社,2002:73-83 134-143
45 Rao S S.Multi-objective Optimization of fuzzy Structural System.Int,J.Number,Methods in Eng,1987:1158-1170
46 Reklaitis G V, Ravindran A, Ragsdell K M.Engineering Optimization—Methods and Application. New York: John Wiley&Sons,Inc,1983:13-21
47 Liu Yang Song. Fuzzy optimization of main design Parameters of disc brake system in rigs. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON“SYSTEMS CONTROL INFORMATION”METHODOLOGIES & APPLICATIONS,WU HAN,1994:78-85
48刘扬松,李文方.机械设计的模糊学方法.北京:机械工程出版社,1996:22-33 130-148
49章红梅,王贵成.基于模糊可靠性理论高速线材轧辊优化设计的研究.机电产品开发与创新,2003,1(6):28-29
50杨成美,苪延年,章红梅.高速线材轧辊模糊可靠性优化设计的研究.机电工程技术,2004,33(4):34-35
51杨薇,官德娟.模糊方法论的发展及其在机械工业中的应用.昆明理工大学学报,2001:427-430
52陈举华,辛有华,王寿佑.机械结构的模糊优化设计.模糊系统与数学,1996,10(1):83-86
53张俊福,邓本让,朱玉仙,刘启千.应用模糊数学.北京:地质出版社,1988:270-280
54伍建强,钱永久,贺丽.LS-DYNA在工程结构抗爆中的应用.四川建筑科学研究,2005,31(5):1-3
55 ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法[Z].北京理工大学ANSYS/LS-DYNA中国技术支持中心,1999:3-5
56 JOHNSON G R.,STRYK R A.Incorporation of an SPH option into the EPIC code for a wide range of high velocity impact computations [J]. Int. J. ImpactEngineering,1993,14(3):23-25
57尚晓江,苏建宇.ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005:67-72
58白金泽.LS-DYNA3D理论基础与实例分析.北京:科学出版社,2005:5
59钟日铭.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0中文版机械设计实例教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007:43-51
60李世国,李强.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire中文版范例教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:1 246-272
61 Ansys Company,《ANSYS/LS-DYNA算法基础和使用方法》,2003:215-235
62 Ansys, inc. ANSYS/LS-DYNA User`s Guide, August 2003:128-135
63 Livemore Software Technology Corporation. LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual.2004:253
64何涛,洋竞,金鑫.ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析实例指导教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2007:111-128
65 Livemore Software Technology Corporation. LS-POST:A New Post Processor for LS-DYNA.2003:335-339
66 Livemore Software Technology Corporation. LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual.2004:123-129
67 John O. Hallquist, ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D Theoretical Manual, Livemore Software Technology Corporation, May 2002:221-234