错层位沿空巷道卸压机理及空间适应性研究
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摘要
厚煤层沿空留巷充填体及沿空掘巷煤柱直接支撑顶板的特性易导致区段巷道底鼓、维护困难及成本高昂,易诱发矿震,加之留巷充填时工艺复杂,影响了煤矿科学开采。鉴于错层位沿空巷道特殊位置关系,改变了沿空巷道的受力状态,巷道与围岩形成一种新的力学系统。该技术的应用关键是：(1)错层位沿空巷道位置的围岩力学环境；(2)错层位沿空巷道在低应力空间中位置合理变化的适应性。据此,本研究基于三剪能量屈服准则,对巷道围岩进行弹塑性分析；运用能量理论,从巷道完全沿空和不完全沿空两个角度入手,在推导得出巷道围岩耗散理论方程的基础上,揭示了错层位沿空巷道的卸压机理,即巷道围岩是一个吸收与耗散能量的系统,从而完善了回采巷道矿压理论;根据采空区实体煤侧应力分布特征,应用塑性力学的应力滑移线场理论,在分析煤层底板极限平衡区力学特性并进行应力分区的基础上,推导得出了底板最大破坏深度公式；通过理论计算并对比各分区的应力值大小,确定了沿空巷道在水平及竖直方向变化的理论依据,提出了多种仍满足卸压条件的错层位巷道布置系统。研究过程中,同时辅以相似及数值模拟实验、现场观测,并证实了相关结论。本研究工作对揭示错层位沿空巷道围岩应力、位移分布规律及卸压机理有重要意义,可为我国储量巨大的厚煤层实现错层位无煤柱开采提供重要的理论指导及技术支持。
Characteristics of backfill for gob-side entry retaining and coal pillar supporting roof directly for gob-side entry driving, which are easy to cause floor heave, mine earthquake, difficult support, and high cost of section roadway. Filling technology is complicated when retaining roadway. Therefore, science mining had been affected. For stagger arrangement gob-side entry, its position relation changes forced state. A new mechanical system was formed in roadway and surrounding rock. Application key of stagger arrangement mining are as follows:(1) mechanical environment of roadway and surrounding rock for stagger arrangement gob-side entry;(2) adaptability of reasonable change in low stress space for stagger arrangement gob-side entry. Hereby, based on triple shear energy yield criterion, elasto-plastic was analyzed for roadway and surrounding rock; Using energy theory, from the point of view of complete and incomplete gob-side entry, this paper derived energy dissipation equation of roadway and surrounding rock, revealed the pressure relief mechanism of stagger arrangement gob-side entry, that is to say, roadway surrounding rock is a system of energy absorption and dissipation, thus improved the ground pressure theory of mining roadway. According to stress distribution characteristics of entity coal side in goaf, making use of stress slip line field theory in plasticity, on the basis of mechanical properties of limit equilibrium zone from coal seam floor, determined stress zones, and deduced the formula of bottom maximum failure depth. Through theoretical calculation and comparison of zoning stress values, the author gives theoretical basis of position change of gob-side entry in the level and vertical direction, proposed various stagger arrangement mining system satisfying pressure relief condition. In the course of studying, some conclusions were proved by similarity simulation experiment, numerical modeling and field observation. The research is of great importance to reveal surrounding rock stress, displacement distributions and destressing mechanism from stagger arrangement gob-side entry, also provides theory and technique to stagger arrangement mining in china's huge thick coal seam.
Characteristics of backfill for gob-side entry retaining and coal pillar supporting roof directly for gob-side entry driving, which are easy to cause floor heave, mine earthquake, difficult support, and high cost of section roadway. Filling technology is complicated when retaining roadway. Therefore, science mining had been affected. For stagger arrangement gob-side entry, its position relation changes forced state. A new mechanical system was formed in roadway and surrounding rock. Application key of stagger arrangement mining are as follows:(1) mechanical environment of roadway and surrounding rock for stagger arrangement gob-side entry;(2) adaptability of reasonable change in low stress space for stagger arrangement gob-side entry. Hereby, based on triple shear energy yield criterion, elasto-plastic was analyzed for roadway and surrounding rock; Using energy theory, from the point of view of complete and incomplete gob-side entry, this paper derived energy dissipation equation of roadway and surrounding rock, revealed the pressure relief mechanism of stagger arrangement gob-side entry, that is to say, roadway surrounding rock is a system of energy absorption and dissipation, thus improved the ground pressure theory of mining roadway. According to stress distribution characteristics of entity coal side in goaf, making use of stress slip line field theory in plasticity, on the basis of mechanical properties of limit equilibrium zone from coal seam floor, determined stress zones, and deduced the formula of bottom maximum failure depth. Through theoretical calculation and comparison of zoning stress values, the author gives theoretical basis of position change of gob-side entry in the level and vertical direction, proposed various stagger arrangement mining system satisfying pressure relief condition. In the course of studying, some conclusions were proved by similarity simulation experiment, numerical modeling and field observation. The research is of great importance to reveal surrounding rock stress, displacement distributions and destressing mechanism from stagger arrangement gob-side entry, also provides theory and technique to stagger arrangement mining in china's huge thick coal seam.
引文
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