离散生产过程现场数据采集终端的研究与实现
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摘要
制造执行系统MES(Manufacturing Execution System)技术己经成为企业特别是离散制造企业信息化解决方案中的关键元素,但目前生产现场数据采集系统的缺陷特别是数据采集终端无法满足当前企业面对日益激烈竞争,生产制造模式正在从单一面向库存生产模式转向面向订单、小批量、多品种敏捷制造生产模式的现状。虽然条形码、无线IC(integrated circuit)卡、射频识别RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)等信息采集传输技术应用于离散制造业的生产车间,但对于离散制造主要是对毛坯或半成品进行制造加工,并不便在物料上进行条码标签的粘贴,而且这种系统模型无法实现计划调度层的任务及时下达以及生产现场工人的工作进度实时汇报和加工零部件的详细信息查询等。还有一种是基于电子看板的数据终端系统模型,但它比较适应于大批量的生产加工车间。
本文根据离散制造车间现场生产加工的具体情况,从技术实现、成本控制以及实用价值的角度着重介绍了如何开发一款适合面向订单、小批量、多品种敏捷制造生产模式的离散加工制造现场手持数据终端,该数据终端的硬件平台构建主要以三星公司的S3C2410处理器为核心芯片,采用主板与扩展板相结合的架构设计,软件系统主要基于开源的U-Boot引导程序、Linux操作系统及MiniGUI图形库等。
论文的主要工作有:首先完成手持终端硬件平台的构建与设计,在此基础上,针对本文要完成的手持数据终端的特点分析和移植引导程序U-Boot1.1.4、Linux2.6.14内核,在Linux操作系统下实现了无线收发芯片CC2420、按键模块、GPIO模块、LCD显示屏以及网卡等模块的驱动开发并成功挂载到Linux系统中,实现了可读可写根文件系统的YAFFS文件系统的功能;论文的最后介绍了嵌入式图形用户界面MiniGUI构成与原理,并实现了MiniGUI的配置与移植,根据数据采集模块功能描述界面逻辑结构开发了手持数据终端的图形化人机交互界面。
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) has become the key elements in the discrete manufacturing information solutions, but the production on-site data acquisition system’s shortcomings, especially the data acquisition terminal can not meet the current coorporate face of increasing fierce competition, production and manufacturing model are from a single production model for the stock shift to order, small-volume,multi-species status of agile manufacturing. Although the bar tab, wireless IC card, RFID and other semi-automatic information collection technology for the production of discrete manufacturing workshop, but for discrete manufacturing mainly for rough or semi-finished products, so it does’t convenient to paste the bar tab on materials.Also thers is one be based on electronic billboards data acquisition system model, but it is more adapted to high-volume production and processing plant.
This paper based on the overall of the discrete manufacturing workshop Data-acquisition, from the technical implementation, cost control, as well as practical value point of view focuses on how to develop a Data-acquisition terminal that fit to order, small quantity and variety of discrete agile manufacturing processing field. To build the Data-acquisition terminal hardware main reference Samsung’s S3C2410 development platform, the software system is mainly based on the open-source, for example U-Boot bootloader, Linux operating system and MiniGUI graphics libraries.
This thesis introduces the design of hardware platform and porting plan of software in hand port. This thesis researches the theory of the leading program, the key point in developing drive device. Based on those researches above, this thesis analyzes and achieves the transplanting process of U-Boot 1.1.4, the development of drive of device in CC2420 wireless receive chip, GPIO device,LCD device,ethernet device and key device,etc,and also builds a file system based on the characters of the target system. And it introduces the elements of the development of GUI based on MiniGUI. With the application of MiniGUI, has developed a hand-held data acquisition terminals that has a preliminary graphical man-machine interface.
本文根据离散制造车间现场生产加工的具体情况,从技术实现、成本控制以及实用价值的角度着重介绍了如何开发一款适合面向订单、小批量、多品种敏捷制造生产模式的离散加工制造现场手持数据终端,该数据终端的硬件平台构建主要以三星公司的S3C2410处理器为核心芯片,采用主板与扩展板相结合的架构设计,软件系统主要基于开源的U-Boot引导程序、Linux操作系统及MiniGUI图形库等。
论文的主要工作有:首先完成手持终端硬件平台的构建与设计,在此基础上,针对本文要完成的手持数据终端的特点分析和移植引导程序U-Boot1.1.4、Linux2.6.14内核,在Linux操作系统下实现了无线收发芯片CC2420、按键模块、GPIO模块、LCD显示屏以及网卡等模块的驱动开发并成功挂载到Linux系统中,实现了可读可写根文件系统的YAFFS文件系统的功能;论文的最后介绍了嵌入式图形用户界面MiniGUI构成与原理,并实现了MiniGUI的配置与移植,根据数据采集模块功能描述界面逻辑结构开发了手持数据终端的图形化人机交互界面。
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) has become the key elements in the discrete manufacturing information solutions, but the production on-site data acquisition system’s shortcomings, especially the data acquisition terminal can not meet the current coorporate face of increasing fierce competition, production and manufacturing model are from a single production model for the stock shift to order, small-volume,multi-species status of agile manufacturing. Although the bar tab, wireless IC card, RFID and other semi-automatic information collection technology for the production of discrete manufacturing workshop, but for discrete manufacturing mainly for rough or semi-finished products, so it does’t convenient to paste the bar tab on materials.Also thers is one be based on electronic billboards data acquisition system model, but it is more adapted to high-volume production and processing plant.
This paper based on the overall of the discrete manufacturing workshop Data-acquisition, from the technical implementation, cost control, as well as practical value point of view focuses on how to develop a Data-acquisition terminal that fit to order, small quantity and variety of discrete agile manufacturing processing field. To build the Data-acquisition terminal hardware main reference Samsung’s S3C2410 development platform, the software system is mainly based on the open-source, for example U-Boot bootloader, Linux operating system and MiniGUI graphics libraries.
This thesis introduces the design of hardware platform and porting plan of software in hand port. This thesis researches the theory of the leading program, the key point in developing drive device. Based on those researches above, this thesis analyzes and achieves the transplanting process of U-Boot 1.1.4, the development of drive of device in CC2420 wireless receive chip, GPIO device,LCD device,ethernet device and key device,etc,and also builds a file system based on the characters of the target system. And it introduces the elements of the development of GUI based on MiniGUI. With the application of MiniGUI, has developed a hand-held data acquisition terminals that has a preliminary graphical man-machine interface.
引文
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[2]夏晓鹏.散制造业制造执行系统(MES)研究与设计[D].重庆大学,2009,5.
[3]李建华.制造执行系统MES现状及发展趋势探讨[J].自动化博览,2008(3):80-92.
[4] Yuewei Bai, Shuangy Wei, Yafei He. Management way to the historical manufacturing data in MES system [C]. Taipei:International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, ICIII 2008,11.
[5]庞庆华,潘郁.多品种小批量生产环境下的柔性调度研究[J].南京工业大学学报,2003, 25(2),65-69.
[6]刘卫宁,黄文雷,孙棣华等.基于射频识别的离散制造业制造执行系统设计与实现[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(10):1886-1890.
[7] Weatherhead.N.Andrew, Carmount Mark.K, Wei Jennfier Standard.MES Interface For Discrete Manufacturing [J]. ROCKWELL AUTOMATION, INC. (AT), 2008, 9.
[8]张志擦.国内外制造执行系统(MES)的应用与发展[J].自动化博览,2004(5).
[9]金明冬.制造执行系统MES中数据采集与传送的研究应用[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[10]周立功,ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,1-28.
[11] Ping Wang. Research on the embedded system teaching[J]. 2008 International Workshop on Education Technology and Training and 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ETT and GRS 2008, 2009,19-21.
[12]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理和接口技术(第1版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,15-20.
[13]李善平.Linux与嵌入式系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,20-23.
[14]刘大鹏.基于嵌入式系统智能手持终端的若干问题研究[J].大连理工大学,2003,5.
[15]吕京建,肖海桥等.嵌入式处理器分类与现状[EB/01].http://www.bol-ststem.com.
[16] S3C2410 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User’s Manual (Revision 1.2), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 2003.
[17]张侖.32位嵌入式系统硬件设计与调试[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005,5-38.
[18]清源计算机工作室.Protel 99原理图与PCB设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000,12-38.
[19]江俊辉.基于ARM的嵌入式系统硬件设计[J].微计算机信息(嵌入式与SoC),2005,21(7-2),120-122.
[20]俞坤师.基于ARM架构的无线数据采集与处理终端的研究与开发[J].武汉理工大学,2008.
[21]张伟.Protel DXP入门与提高[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,17-39.
[22]魏立峰,王宝兴.单片机原理与应用技术[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006,35-41.
[23]何宏.单片机原理及接口技术教程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006,27-31.
[24] Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 DataSheet(rev1.4),2006-04-06.
[25]刘建国,张付祥等.AD7888与S3C2410的SPI接口及Linux下嵌入式驱动的实现[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2006 (5):47-49.
[26]马忠梅.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,98-126.
[27]刘森.嵌入式系统接口设计与linux驱动程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出,2006,11-147.
[28] Rubini K.聊鸿斌译.Linux设备驱动程序[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000,25-46.
[29] Wookey,Tak-Shing,Aleph One,Porting the Linux Kernel to a New ARM Platform,Guide to ARMLinux for Developers,2009,52-59.
[30]毛德操,胡希明.Linux内核源代码情景分析[M],杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001,127-136.
[31]陈莉君.Linux操作系统内核分析[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2000,68-73.
[32] McLoughlin, Aendenroomer, Anton. Linux as a teaching aid for embedded systems[C]. 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS, 2007(11).
[33] Zhang Yan-Quan, Zhang Sheng-Bao.Research on power quality online monitor system based on embedded Linux technology [J]. Power System Protection and Control , 2009(4)71-75.
[34] Liu Jun-Liang, Pan Gang, Li Ping.Embedded Linux graphic terminal design based on ARM [C]. 2006 Chinese Control Conference Proceedings CCC 2006,2007,1921-1925.
[35]张娟,蒋瑜等.基于PowerPC8247的嵌入式Linux系统开发[J],计算机系统应用,2009, (12),224-227.
[36]邱晓波,王英杰,刘洪岩.基于PIC18F67J60的嵌入式以太网接口设计[J].仪器技术与传感器,2009(11),63-64.
[37]倪继利.Linux内核分析及编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005,186-197.
[38]周敬琼,周凤星.基于ARM的Linux网络设备驱动程序开发[J].计算机工程与设计2009,30(22),5124-5127.
[39]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南—基于ARM9处理器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005,34-79.
[40]许庆丰.嵌入式Linux下彩色LCD驱动的设计与实现[J].电子产品世界,2003,48-51.
[41]李勇,张建正.嵌入式系统Linux下LCD显示驱动的开发[J].计算机技术与发展,2006-16(2):93-95.
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