基于DSP的Z源变流器的控制与设计
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摘要
传统的变流器主要有电压型变流器和电流型变流器两种,作为实现电能DC/AC、AC/DC的变换在各种功率变换中的应用十分广泛。但是这两种类型的变流器都存在自身的缺陷:或是升压型,或是降压型,仅靠单级功率变换不可能同时满足升/降压的要求,即变流系统的输出电压范围总是有限的,或高于、或低于输入电压,这使它们的应用场合受到了限制。为了得到相对于变流器输入侧更低的电压(或更高的电压),须增加额外的变换电路,从而降低了系统的运行效率,并且在传统的变流器中可能会出现因EMI噪声干扰而导致的桥臂直通(或开路)现象,这会直接导致开关管因过流(或过压)而损坏,因此系统的可靠性降低,为避免这一现象,通常采用加入死区时间的办法,但这又会引起波形的畸变。
本文研究了新型的Z源变流器,以克服传统变流器的理论缺陷,它在传统变流器的基础上引入Z型阻抗网络形成新的拓扑,获得一些独特的、优越的性能。在新的Z源变流器中,传统变流器故障状态——直通成为其一个正常工作状态,从而在根本上杜绝了EMI引起的桥臂共通毁坏电路故障情况。同时,它利用直通状态使得Z源变流器获得可升可降的输出电压,成为一个Buck/Boost变流器。
Z源变流器依据其自身拓扑结构的不同以及应用场合的不同需求,分为Z源逆变器和Z源整流器。本论文在理论分析Z源变流器升降压工作原理的基础上,给出了Z源变流器的状态空间平均数学模型和小信号扰动模型,并对这种新型的Z源变流器几种常用的PWM调制策略作了详细的对比分析,在上述理论分析的基础上,搭建了一台2KW的基于光伏并网发电系统的三相Z源逆变器样机平台,但因为二极管的反向阻断特性使Z源逆变器无法实现能量的双向流动,基于这一点出发,搭建了一台2KW的基于蓄电池充放电系统的三相Z源整流器样机平台,两个典型应用系统的仿真和实验结果相一致,说明了系统理论研究和设计分析的合理性,验证了Z源变流器的新特性。
The traditional converter includes voltage source converter and current source converter, It is widely used in all kinds of conversion by way of making the power transform between DC/AC and AC/DC. However, both of the converters have barriers and limitations: they are either a boost or a buck converter, can not satisfy boost/buck the voltage at the same time just depend on single stage power conversion, So the output voltage range of the converter system is always limited, Either higher or lower the input voltage, That makes the application come under limited. In order to get a lower voltage or higher voltage relative to input voltage, an additional DC-DC converter to buck the output voltage or to boost the output voltage is needed, which reduces the efficiency of the system, and in a traditional converter, the upper and lower devices of each phase leg could be gated ON (or OFF) simultaneously by EMI noise, which would destroy the device by overrun current or voltage directly, and decrease reliability of the system. To avoid the state, the method of increase dead time has been applied. It would result in the distortion of the voltage and current waveform.
In order to overcome the problems of the traditional converter, a novel converter named as Z-source converter is presented, which gets some unique and predominant capability by employing a Z type impedance network (Z-network) to the traditional converter, it makes the shoot-through state possible, which avoids the possibility of ruining by EMI noises. And the shoot-through state allows the Z-source converter to Buck and Boost its output voltage.
According to the different structure of topology and different demand of application, The Z-source converter is consist of Z-source inverter and Z-source rectifier. Based on the analysis of the operating principle about how to buck/boost voltage, the state-space-average maths model and small-signal-disturbance maths model are presented in this thesis. several commonly used PWM modulation strategy of the novel Z-source converter are compared and analyzed in detail. Based on the aboved theory analysis, a prototype platform of the 2kw three-phase Z-source inverter is built for grid-connected pv system. But because of the reverse blocking characteristic of the diode, the Z-source inverter can not realize dual energy flow. Based on this, another prototype platform of the 2kw three-phase Z-source rectifier is built for battery charge-discharge system. the simulation and experimental results of the two typical applications have been performed to confirm the analysis. They are quite consistent with the theoretical analysis. Validated new characteristics of the Z-source converter.
本文研究了新型的Z源变流器,以克服传统变流器的理论缺陷,它在传统变流器的基础上引入Z型阻抗网络形成新的拓扑,获得一些独特的、优越的性能。在新的Z源变流器中,传统变流器故障状态——直通成为其一个正常工作状态,从而在根本上杜绝了EMI引起的桥臂共通毁坏电路故障情况。同时,它利用直通状态使得Z源变流器获得可升可降的输出电压,成为一个Buck/Boost变流器。
Z源变流器依据其自身拓扑结构的不同以及应用场合的不同需求,分为Z源逆变器和Z源整流器。本论文在理论分析Z源变流器升降压工作原理的基础上,给出了Z源变流器的状态空间平均数学模型和小信号扰动模型,并对这种新型的Z源变流器几种常用的PWM调制策略作了详细的对比分析,在上述理论分析的基础上,搭建了一台2KW的基于光伏并网发电系统的三相Z源逆变器样机平台,但因为二极管的反向阻断特性使Z源逆变器无法实现能量的双向流动,基于这一点出发,搭建了一台2KW的基于蓄电池充放电系统的三相Z源整流器样机平台,两个典型应用系统的仿真和实验结果相一致,说明了系统理论研究和设计分析的合理性,验证了Z源变流器的新特性。
The traditional converter includes voltage source converter and current source converter, It is widely used in all kinds of conversion by way of making the power transform between DC/AC and AC/DC. However, both of the converters have barriers and limitations: they are either a boost or a buck converter, can not satisfy boost/buck the voltage at the same time just depend on single stage power conversion, So the output voltage range of the converter system is always limited, Either higher or lower the input voltage, That makes the application come under limited. In order to get a lower voltage or higher voltage relative to input voltage, an additional DC-DC converter to buck the output voltage or to boost the output voltage is needed, which reduces the efficiency of the system, and in a traditional converter, the upper and lower devices of each phase leg could be gated ON (or OFF) simultaneously by EMI noise, which would destroy the device by overrun current or voltage directly, and decrease reliability of the system. To avoid the state, the method of increase dead time has been applied. It would result in the distortion of the voltage and current waveform.
In order to overcome the problems of the traditional converter, a novel converter named as Z-source converter is presented, which gets some unique and predominant capability by employing a Z type impedance network (Z-network) to the traditional converter, it makes the shoot-through state possible, which avoids the possibility of ruining by EMI noises. And the shoot-through state allows the Z-source converter to Buck and Boost its output voltage.
According to the different structure of topology and different demand of application, The Z-source converter is consist of Z-source inverter and Z-source rectifier. Based on the analysis of the operating principle about how to buck/boost voltage, the state-space-average maths model and small-signal-disturbance maths model are presented in this thesis. several commonly used PWM modulation strategy of the novel Z-source converter are compared and analyzed in detail. Based on the aboved theory analysis, a prototype platform of the 2kw three-phase Z-source inverter is built for grid-connected pv system. But because of the reverse blocking characteristic of the diode, the Z-source inverter can not realize dual energy flow. Based on this, another prototype platform of the 2kw three-phase Z-source rectifier is built for battery charge-discharge system. the simulation and experimental results of the two typical applications have been performed to confirm the analysis. They are quite consistent with the theoretical analysis. Validated new characteristics of the Z-source converter.
引文
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[3] Xinping Ding, Zhaoming Qian, Yeyuan Xie, Zhengyu Lu. Three-Phase Z-Source Rectifier. PESC2005,p494-500.
[4] Xinping Ding, Zhaoming Qian, Yeyuan Xie, Fang Z. Peng. A novel ZVS Z-source rectifier. APEC2006,p951-955.
[5] Yeyuan Xie, Zhaoming Qian, Xinping Ding, Fangzheng Peng. A Novel Buck-Boost Z-Source Rectifier. Power ElectronicsSpecialists Conference, 2006. PESC '06. 37th IEEE 18-22 June 2006 Page(s):1225-1229.
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